A Pluriliteracies Approach to Teaching for Learning

Transcription

1 Pluriliteracies making meaning happen A Pluriliteracies Apprach t Teaching fr Learning Rust prtectin Materials fr advanced learners Advanced learners Teresa Kaub EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MODERN LANGUAGES CENTRE EUROPEEN POUR LES LANGUES VIVANTES

2 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 33 Hw wuld yu prtect yur Ipd? Dyeing it with everlasting paint? Attaching a sacrificial ande? Cating it with a nble metal? Tasks: 1. Try ut ne f the methds presented abve. 2. Analyse yur findings in a cherent academic lab reprt. Adhere t the given infrmatin material, sample reprt, wrd bxes and pay attentin t a neat frmat and accurate cntent. 3. Uplad yur reprt int the drpbx and gather reprts f the ther tw grups. 4. Write a SWOT analysis regarding prs and cns f all three methds. Cme t a cnclusin which prcedure is best and why the cmpany apple uses it. 5. Cmpare yur answer with the fllwing vide:

3 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 34 Prcedure 1: everlasting paint andizing aluminum

4 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 35

5 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 36 Level 1 help material n: everlasting paint andizing aluminum Ø The images belw help yu t explain the chemical reactins during the prcess f andizing aluminium. Abbildung 9: frmatin f the prus aluminum xide layer Abbildung 8: micrscpic image f the xide layer Ø With these snippets yu can easily frm all chemical reactins. Al (s) Al (s) Al (s) Al 2O 3(s) Al 2O 3(s) Al 2O 3(s) Al 2O 3(s) 2Al(OH) 4 (aq) Al 2O 3H + (s) 3H a(g) 3H a(g) 3H a(g) 6H + (aq) 6H + (aq) 6e (aq) 6e (aq) H 2O (l) H 2O (l) 2OH (aq) 3H 2O (l) 3H 2O (l) 3H 2O (l) 6H 2O (l) OH (aq) 2OH (aq) electrlysis verall electrlysis at the cathde electrlysis at the ande cleaning prcess after the xide is remved psitive charge at the ande

6 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 37 Level 2 help material n everlasting paint andizing aluminum Ø The material n the fllwing three pages explains the prcess f chemical andizing in detail. Remember: Even thugh the text is written in German, yur final lab reprt needs t be frmulated in English as well as academic language!

7 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 38 Materials develped by Teresa Kaub (2015) as part f her master thesis. Fr educatinal purpses (teacher training) nly.

8 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 39

9 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 40 Prcedure 2: cathde prtectin sacrificial ande Apparatus: 6 test tubes test tube rack spade Chemicals: 6 irn nails aluminium fil magnesium, slder and cpper wire table salt 500ml distilled water Prcedure: 1. Clean the irn nails by rubbing the steel wl against them 2. Wrap a piece f magnesium wire arund the first, slder arund the secnd and cpper wire arund the third irn nail. Tightly wrap the frth nail entirely with aluminium fil and nly cver the fifth nail partly with aluminium fil. Leave the last nail blank. 3. Place all nails int ne test tube each. 4. Cver 2/3 f the nail with warm distilled water and a spade pint tip f salt. 5. Write dwn yur bservatins and repeat after 24 hurs Abbildung 10: rusty irn nails

10 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 41 Level 1 help material n cathde prtectin sacrificial ande Ø Use the list f standard electrde ptential t explain yur findings and frm yur equatins. Abbildung 11: standard electrde ptentials

11 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 42 Level 2 help material n cathde prtectin sacrificial ande Ø The images belw help yu explain the prcesses f sacrificial and nble cating. Abbildung 12: schematic explanatin f sacrificial and nble cating Level 3 help material n cathde prtectin sacrificial ande Cathdic Prtectin. Cathdic prtectin is a mre effective methd f resisting crrsin. It requires changing an element f the crrsin circuit by intrducing a new crrsin element, thus ensuring the base metal becmes the cathdic element f the circuit. Htdip galvanizing prtects steel cathdically similarly t the sacrificial ande methd. Basically, a metal (zinc) andic t the base metal (steel) is placed in the circuit t crrde in place f the base metal. The Galvanic Series f Metals is a list f metals arranged in rder f electrchemical activity in seawater (the electrlyte). This arrangement f metals determines what metal will be the ande and cathde when the tw are put in an electrlytic cell. Metals higher n the list are andic t the metals belw meaning they prvide cathdic r sacrificial prtectin when the tw are cnnected. Frm the list, it is apparent in the case f htdip galvanizing, zinc will prtect preferentially crrde t prtect the underlying base steel. In fact, the cathdic prtectin f HDG ensures even if the cating is damaged t the pint bare steel is expsed (up t ¼ inch in diameter), n crrsin will begin until all the surrunding zinc is cnsumed. The zinc f the htdip galvanized cating will sacrifice itself t prtect the Abbildung 13: list f metals accrding t their ability as sacrificial ande (tp) and nble cating (bttm) underlying base steel until all the surrunding zinc is cnsumed.

12 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 43 Hw t structure and frmulate a lab reprt Title What is this reprt abut? The reactin f XXX and XXX/ Abstract What is the essence f the reprt? A cmplete summary f the experiment Intrductin What is the purpse/ mtivatin/cntext in which the experiment takes place? Recapitulatin f knwledge (names, frmulas, detectin reactins) Hw is hypthesis cnnected t previus research? Where is infrmatin still lacking? Why is this experiment perfrmed? The purpse f the experiment was t test [aim] Accrding t XYZ (2014), [previus research] It is knw frm the lecture that [backgrund infrmatin] Further research n is still needed [mtivatin/ justificatin fr research] Prblem What happens if XXX and XXX react tgether? This leads t the questin... Hypthesis Methd Prcedure Results I believe XXX is ging t happen and here is the reasn why... Which materials and chemicals have been used? Describes hw the hypthesis will be tested What was dne and hw? Chrnlgical list f every single step (n descriptins f standard prcedures included) Use past tense nly! What did yu find ut? Raw, uninterpreted cllectin f data. Give all equatins, calculatins, graphs, tables,... If then because It was hypthesized that... List f all materials, chemicals, sketch f experimental set up The samples were examined/ investigated with The methd/ material/ used t (actin) was a (material, brand) The experiment was carried ut in a The was fitted/ equipped with a It was fund/ shwn that / X increased Y The experiment(s)/ investigatin/ study shwed/ revealed that

13 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 44 Definitin avid circular definitins (simple restatement f the term) d nt start yur definitin with X is when/ where define a nun with a nun, a verb with a verb and s n d nt make the definitin mre cmplicated than the riginal term d nt include any persnal details include cause and effect cnstructins, descriptins, synnyms, antnyms, cmparisns, cntrasts and examples when suitable d nt include hyperblic abslutes like always, never r everybdy d nt frmulate yur definitin t narrw r t brad write in a psitive manner whenever pssible, instead f stating what yur term is nt A... is a... that/wh/which is made up f... /has the fllwing characteristics... /is used fr... /is ppsed t.. /can be used fr... The term... cmes frm tw terms, namely... which means... and...which means... Discussin/ Cnclusin Surces Appendix Frm specific (experiment) t general (real wrld) Summarise the aim, backgrund, hypthesis and results Why did yu btain these particular results? explain them relate then t frmer research state the significance f them (theretical/ practical implicatins, mdificatin/extensin f thery, pssible future research Were the results expected? Did they cntradict r supprt ther/ previus experimental results? Give reasns fr pssible errrs and their imprvement What surces were used? What additinal material is included? Cause and effect and reasning If... (then)... because Fact and side effect X des..., causing Y t X des... t Y, causing Z t... Fr further frmulatins have a lk at the discussin wrd bank n the next page List f all surces used (bks, internet, articles, script, ) List f hand written ntes taken in the labratry, graphic data

14 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 45 Discussin Wrd bank fr the summary f intrductin, prblem and hypthesis within the discussin sectin. T h e main chief primary principal aim bjective purpse f t h e study investigatin experiment w a s t determine examine t h e value, mass, amunt, effect, change, difference, increase, structure, reactin, mechanism, behavir structure, presence, existence, f It was ur aim ur intentin t (re)examine, find (ut abut), btain, elucidate X It was the purpse f this study, investigatin, experiment t... w e aimed t identify/ sught t justify have cncentrated n/ carried ut a study f decided t (re)examine / prvided sme new infrmatin cncerning X The methd was designed t eliminate the effects/ distrtin/ the errr due t... The mdel was develped t simplify the discussin/ interpretatin/ analysis f Wrd bank fr the presentatin f results It was fund shwn that X increased decreased Y The experiment investigatin study shwed revealed that

15 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 46 Wrd bank fr the analysis and presentatin/discussin f results Frm the results it is cncluded that X is due t Y... a cnclusin is made as t... cncerning the structure f X. revised The results suggest imply that the hypthesis shuld be abandned restricted t the cases f X extended t the cases f Y The results Our data (d nt) seem t cnfirm the explanatin. seem t supprt X as prpsed in XYZ ( ). cntradict the hypthesis develped by XYZ ( ). (Thus,) X prvides a The findings make it pssible t reasnable satisfactry exhaustive cmplete adequate cnvincing cnclude t explain t suggest t recmmend explanatin fr Y. that a new treatment a new mdel X cnfirms refutes the explanatin suggested by Y This assumptin may als (help t) explain Therefre, Thus, X is clearly nt Y X shws that Y is (nt) Z. there is n satisfactry/final/cnvincing evidence as t XYZ the findings (btained fr X) are cntrary/cmplicated The findings suggest that clearer results culd might may shuld be btained by (using) X. These assumptins cnclusins are als cnfirmed supprted by the data reprted in/ by X enables allws permits us t prvide an explanatin fr t establish a relatin between Y and Z t relate Y t Z t accunt fr Y

16 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 47 Grammar bx fr the crrect usage f tense present tense and will future present perfect past tense must may, culd, might wuld shuld is used fr an universal truth A day has 24 hurs. In 2015, December will have 31 days. describes an nging experiment r an experiment which still has implicatins n tday s research/ theries. Researchers have tried t cure cancer fr many years. is used t describe findings (f ther authrs), which are dubted by the authr XYZ argued that irn des nt burn but this is nt true. expresses high subjective certainty r a necessity. If it was a universal truth it wuld have t be frmulated with will. If I ignite cpper, it must burn just like irn. bjectively frmulate pssible explanatins Might be due t expresses the effect f a thught cnditin X s methd wuld give smaller yield than urs expresses a lgical necessity If dne crrectly, this experiment shuld wrk Style bx fr smth transitins Cncluding sentence Tpic sentence Adverbs XYZ Cnsequently,... Repetitin f key wrds Objectins The first bjectin... recapitulatin As described abve,... Use f key questin Hw is that t be achieved? One pssibility culd be...

17 Material: Advanced Learners Rust Prtectin 48 List f cmmn labratry equipment with images Abbildung 14: Labratry equipment fr science experiments

18 Pluriliteracies making meaning happen The Eurpean Centre fr Mdern Languages is a Cuncil f Eurpe institutin prmting excellence in language educatin in its member states. ENG The Cuncil f Eurpe is the cntinent s leading human rights rganisatin. It includes 47 member states, 28 f which are members f the Eurpean Unin. All Cuncil f Eurpe member states have signed up t the Eurpean Cnventin n Human Rights, a treaty designed t prtect human rights, demcracy and the rule f law. The Eurpean Curt f Human Rights versees the implementatin f the Cnventin in the member states. EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MODERN LANGUAGES CENTRE EUROPEEN POUR LES LANGUES VIVANTES