A Study on Pullout Strength of Cast-in-place Anchor bolt in Concrete under High Temperature

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1 Transactins f the 7 th Internatinal Cnference n Structural Mechanics in Reactr Technlgy (SMiRT 7) Prague, Czech Republic, August 7 22, 23 Paper #H-2 A Study n Pullut Strength f Cast-in-place Anchr blt in Cncrete under High Temperature Jun Hashimt ), Katsuki Takiguchi ) ) Tky Institute f Technlgy, Japan ABSTRACT This paper presents experimental study n the behavir f cast-in-place anchr blt embedded in cncrete subjected t high temperatures up t 5 C, with the specific bjectives t btain basic experimental data and t examine the respnse f cast-in-place anchr blts t high temperature expsure. The specimens with tw kinds f embedment depth f anchr blt, 3mm and 5mm, are prepared. Under cnstant tensile lad applied t the anchr blt, the specimen is heated and the relatin between the pullut strength and temperature at fracture is examined. As t the prcess f heating, tw different rate f temperature elevatin, C /min. and.75 C /min, were prepared. As a result f the test, regardless f different parameters studied in this experiment, cmparisn with the earlier research results indicated that identical rati f pullut strength f anchr blt was btained when the same temperature f cncrete surrunding the blt head was applied. KEY WORDS: cast-in-place anchr blt, cncrete, pullut strength, high temperature, INTRODUCTION In nuclear facilities, many anchr blts are embedded in cncrete structures in rder t supprt equipments and pipes. In case there is sme accident, it is pssible that cncrete structures will expsed t high temperature. It is well knwn that the cmpressive strength f cncrete decreases with further increase f temperature. Other mechanical prperties als get wrse, and there is pssibility f the spalling n the surface f cncrete expsed t high temperature. Therefre, it is necessary t investigate experimentally the behavir f anchr blts embedded in cncrete expsed t high temperature. In earlier study, the pullut tests f cast-in-place anchr blt under high temperature were carried ut using the specimens with embedment depth f 3mm []. At the rate f C /min, the specimens were heated up t 5 C. Tests results shw that the pullut strength decreases significantly with increasing surface temperature. With the maximum temperature up t 5 C, the pullut strength during heating decreases t 2% f it under nrmal temperature. The pullut strength f cast-in-place anchr blt in cncrete depends n the embedment depth, and the heating prcess has influence n the temperature distributin inside the specimen. Therefre, additinal data is needed t examine the cause t decrease f the pullut strength f cast-in-place anchr blt in cncrete under high temperature. In this research, the pullut tests f anchr blts under heating were carried ut, using the specimens with tw different embedment depth, 3mm and 5mm. Tw different rate f temperature elevatin, C /min. and.75 C /min, were emplyed in the prcess f heating. The purpse f this paper is t study the behavir f the cast-in-place anchr blt in cncrete subjected t high temperature and t investigate the cause t determine the pullut strength under heating. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Specimen and apparatus In this study, the specimens with tw kinds f embedment depth, 3mm and 5mm, as listed in Table were prepared. Material prperties are als shwn in Table 2. Ordinary nrmal cncrete with cmpressive strength f 3N/mm 2 was used t all the specimens. Six hurs after casting f cncrete, the specimens were cvered with wet sand. This curing sand was remved n the day f testing. Table. List f specimens Anchr Blt Cncrete Specimen b D h(mm) Cmpressive Splitting Embedment strength tensile strength depth Test * Test M ABT-S Test 3 2 3mm Test M6 2 ABT-L mm * []

2 Table 2. Material prperties f steel Yield Strength Tensile Strength Yung's Mdulus ( 5 N/mm 2 ) Anchr Anchr Defrmed ) ABT-S In all, 4 tests were carried ut including the test reprted in Reference []. The embedment depth f ABT-S is 3mm, and the dimensins and details f the specimen are illustrated in Fig.. A headed stud blt as shwn in Fig.2 was used as an anchr blt. The apparatus used fr testing ABT-S is shwn in Fig.3. The details f the specimens and apparatus are described in Reference []. 6 b= M2 ~ Fig.2 Anchr blt (ABT-S) 6 2 D=24 Square Nut Anchr Blt Insulatr Hinge Lading Beam Steel Pipe h=2 Fig. Detail f specimen (ABT-S) b= Fig.3 Testing apparatus (ABT-S) D3 5 5 D=5 Square Nut Anchr Blt Steel Pipe Therm-cuple Threaded Bar 3φ Therm-cuple h= (a) Typical specimen Fig.4 Detail f specimen (ABT-L) (b) Specimen with therm-cuples 2) ABT-L The dimensins and details f ABT-L are illustrated in Fig.4. Specimens are all square blcks with side length 5mm cnsidering the cne failure area, and with a depth f 8mm. Fur defrmed bars with diameter f 3mm were 2

3 6 M6 Anchr Blt M Cncrete Insulatr Therm-Cuple Fig.5 Detail f Anchr Blt (ABT-L) Fig.6 Detail f Embedment (ABT-L) Lad Cell Oil Jack Heater Heater Steel Plate Insulatr (D=5mm) Therm-Cuple Specimen Blt Insulatr Specimen (D=25mm) Temperature Cntrller Fig.7 Testing Apparatus (ABT-L) Fig.8 Methd f heating arranged in the specimens s that they will nt fail due t bending. As an anchr blt, a headed stud blt illustrated in Fig.5 was used. This anchr blt was embedded at the center f all specimens with embedment depth f 5mm as shwn in Fig.6. Fur square nuts and steel pipes were installed t be fixed with the testing apparatus. Five specimens were installed with 3 therm-cuples t measure the temperatures f cncrete and blt inside the specimens during heating. (See Fig. (b)) The testing apparatus fr ABT-L is shwn in Fig.7, and detail f heating specimens is illustrated in Fig.8. The specimen was fixed t the testing apparatus with fur blts frm the bttm f the specimen. Then, the head f blt, which is cnnected with the embedded anchr blt using cupler, was pulled up vertically by a hydraulic jack. The tensile lad applied t the anchr blt is measured by lad cell set n the hydraulic jack. T imprve thermal efficiency, the insulatrs were installed arund the specimen and the heaters. One side f specimen with anchr blt was heated by ht air by increasing its temperature using the electric heater with Nichrme wires. Testing prcedure First, the pullut strength under nrmal temperature was examined. T examine the effect f high temperature n pullut strength, the specimens were heated while applying cnstant tensile lad P n the anchr blt. The tensile lad P was decided between N and the average f the pullut strength under nrmal temperature P. The pullut test was Temperature ( C) hurs 2 hurs End f heating Heating Prcess Ι Heating Prcess ΙΙ Time (min.) Fig.9 Prcess f heating 3

4 cmpleted when the specimen fractured. Abve the specimen, a therm-cuple was emplyed t measure the air temperature near the heating surface f specimen (See Fig.8). This temperature (surface temperature) was cntrlled with the prcesses f heating as shwn in Fig.9. With Heating Prcess, the specimen is heated up t 5 C at the rate f C/min. After that, 5 C was kept fr tw hurs unless the specimen fractured, and the heating was finished. Fr Heating Prcess, the rate f heating is.75 C/min which is much slwer than Heating Prcess. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT Results f pullut tests Fig. shws the results f tests with the tensile lad P=.6P. As fr the specimens with embedment depth f 5mm, in the case f heating at the rate f C/min, the anchr blt was pulled ut when the surface temperature reached 368 C. With the heating at the rate f.75 C/min, the surface temperature at breaking pint was 223 C, which is much lwer than it with heating at the rate f C/min. While, as fr the specimens with embedment depth f 3mm, the surface temperature at breaking pint was 357 C and 27 C with the heating at the rate f C/min and.75 C/min, respectively. All the specimens fractured until the surface temperature f the specimens reached 5 C. In ther wrds, the specimens, which did nt fracture during elevate the temperature, did nt fracture by finishing the heating. The relatin between the pullut strength and surface temperature f the specimens at breaking pint are pltted in Fig.. Here, the results reprted in reference [] are included. The vertical axis stands fr the pullut strength nrmalized by the average f the pullut strength under nrmal temperature. It can be bserved that, in spite f different embedment depth, there is little difference f the relatins between the pullut strength and surface temperature f ABT-S and ABT-L. The pullut strength decreases significantly with increasing surface temperature. During heating up t 5 C at the rate f C/min, the pullut strength decreases t abut 2% f it under nrmal temperature. In the case f heating at the rate f.75 C, the pullut strength decreases t nly 4% f it under nrmal temperature. Hwever, the temperatures at breaking pint were abut C lwer than it f specimens heated at the rate f C/min, when the same rati f tensile lad was applied t anchr blts. Temperature( C) Tensile lad(kn) Temperature( C) Tensile lad(kn) 5 Histry f temperature Histry f lading P=.6P Temperature( C) Tensile lad(kn) Histry f temperature Histry f lading 3 2 P=.6P (a) ABT-L ( /min.) (b) ABT-L (.75 C/min.) Histry f temperature Histry f lading 3 2 P=.6P C Temperature( C) Tensile lad(kn) Histry f temperature Histry f lading 3 2 P=.6P (c) ABT-S ( C /min.) (d) ABT-S (.75 C/min.) Fig. Results f pullut testing (P=.6P ) 4

5 P/P C/min.75 C/min Surface temperature( C) Surface temperature( C) (a) ABT-S (b) ABT-L Fig. Relatin between surface temperature and pullut strength Effect f embedment depth In this research, the specimens were heated frm the surface where the anchr blts were installed. Therefre, the difference f temperature will exist in the vertical directin, and it is expected that the embedment depth will have effects n the pullut strength under heating. Nevertheless, the cmparisn with the results f different embedment depth, 3mm and 5mm, indicates that there is little difference f the relatin between surface temperature and the pullut strength f anchr blts. In Fig.2, the temperature distributin arund the anchr blt at breaking pint is shwn. In the case f heating at the same rate, it can be seen that the surface temperatures at breaking pint f ABT-L and ABT-S were similar when the same rati f tensile lad was applied t anchr blt. Mrever, the temperatures f blt head were als identical. The thermal cnductivities f cncrete and anchr blt are greatly different. Cncrete is difficult t cnvey temperature, while steel is easy t cnvey it. The specimens used in this research were designed t get cne failure as failure mde, and the embedment depths were relatively shallw. Cnsequently, when the specimens were heated with the same prcess f heating, the temperatures f blt head had little difference in spite f different embedment depth. Frm the cmparisn with the result f embedment depth f 3mm and 5mm, it seems that the cause which determines the pullut strength f cast-in-place anchr blt under heating is the temperature f blt head and surrunding cncrete. P/P C/min.75 C/min Depth frm heating surface(mm) P.6P.5P Depth f blt head (ABT-S) Depth f blt head (ABT-L) ABT-L ABT-S Depth frm heating surface(mm) P.5P Depth f blt head (ABT-S) Depth f blt head (ABT-L) ABT-L ABT-S Temperature( C) Temprature( C) (a) Heating at rate f C/min (b) Heating at rate f.75 C/min Fig.2 Temperature distributin inside specimen Effect f heating speed The relatin between the temperature f blt head at breaking pint and the pullut strength f cast-in-place anchr blt is shwn in Fig.3. When the temperature f blt head is less than abut 6 C, identical rati f pullut strength f anchr blt was btained, prvided the same temperature f the blt head was applied, regardless the difference f the rate f heating. In the case f heating at the rate f C/min, nly the surface temperature f specimen are extremely high and there is great difference in temperature inside the specimen. While, the difference in temperature inside the specimens heated at the rate f.75 C/min is little. In ther wrds, the surface temperature f specimen heated at slw rate is lwer than it at rapid rate, when the temperatures f blt head are identical. When the temperature f blt head is mre than 6 C, the relatin between the temperature f blt head at breaking pint and the pullut strength f cast-in-place anchr blt is different. The pullut strength under heating at the rate f 5

6 P/P C/min.75 C/min Temperature f blt head( C) Temperature f blt head( C) C decreases t 2% f it under nrmal temperature. Hwever, the pullut strength f the specimens heated at the rate f.75 C/min decreases t 4% f it under nrmal temperature when the surface temperature is arund 25 C, namely, when the temperature f blt head is arund 6 C. Mrever, the pullut strength did nt decrease less than 4% f it under nrmal temperature, even thugh the specimens were heated up t 5 C. When cncrete is heated with a rapid increase f temperature, there is pssible that the spalling happens n the surface f cncrete. The spalling ccurs due t rapid increase f temperature, thermal stress, and the steam pressure. In this research, the specimens were cured with wet sand by the day f testing, and the specimens which fractured during heating at the rate f C/min brke int pieces with a sund f explsin. Therefre, it is believed that the spalling happens n the surface installed an anchr blt, and causes the pullut f the anchr blt in the case that the small tensile lad is applied t anchr blt. CONCLUSION P/P (a) ABT-S (b) ABT-L Fig.3 Relatin between temperature f blt head and pullut strength C/min.75 C/min In this research, the pullut testing f a cast-in-place anchr blt in cncrete under high temperature up t 5 C f surface temperature was carried ut. The specimens with tw kinds f embedment depth f anchr blt, 3mm and 5mm,were used. Cntrlled by surface temperature, tw different rate f temperature elevatin, degrees centigrade /min. and.75 degrees centigrade /min were applied. Frm this experimental investigatin, it is cncluded, () In case f the same rate f temperature elevatin, the relatin f decrease rati f pullut strength and the surface temperature was identical regardless f different embedment depth f anchr blt. (2) Cmparisn with the results f different rate f heating indicates that the relatin between the temperature f blt head and the pull-ut strength under heating was identical, when the temperature f blt head was less than 6 C. The pullut strength f cast-in-place anchr blt subjected t high temperature decreased t 4% f it under nrmal temperature. (3) When the temperature f blt head was ver 6 C, the pullut strength f anchr blt during heating at the rate f C/min decreased t 2%. While, within the scpe f this research, with heating at the rate f.75 C/min, the pullut strength did nt decrease t less than 4%. Therefre, nt all the pullut strength under high temperature was determined by the temperature f the blt head. REFERENCE. Takiguchi, K. and Hashimt, J., Pull-Out Strength f a Cast-In-Place Anchr Blt in Cncrete Expsed t High Temperature, 6th Internatinal Cnference n Structural Mechanics in Reactr Technlgy, Washingtn DC, U.S.A., August Architectural Institute f Japan, Design Recmmendatin fr Cmpsite Cnstructin, Eligehausen, R. and Balgh, T., Behavir f Fasteners Laded in Tensin in Cracked Reinfrced Cncrete, ACI Structural Jurnal, Vl.92, N.3, pp , Naga, K. and NAKANE, S., Experimental Studies Cncerned with Prperties f Cncrete Subjected t Elevated Temperature, Jurnal f Structural and Cnstructin Engineering, Architectural Institute f Japan, N.457, pp.-, March, Abe, T., Furumura, F., Tmatsuri, K., Kurha, K., Kkub, I., Mechanical Prperties f High Strength Cncrete at High Temperature, Jurnal f Structural and Cnstructin Engineering, Architectural Institute f Japan, N.55, pp.63-68, Jan.,

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