Wyoming State Geological Survey Thomas A. Drean, Director and State Geologist

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1 Wyoming State Geological Survey Thomas A. Drean, Director and State Geologist Wind/Bighorn River Basin Water Plan Update Groundwater Study Level 1 ( ) Available Groundwater Determination Technical Memorandum by Paul Taucher, Timothy T. Bartos, Keith E. Clarey, Scott A. Quillinan, Laura L. Hallberg, Melanie L. Clark, Melissa Thompson, Nikolaus Gribb, Brett Worman, and Tomas Gracias Prepared for the Wyoming Water Development Commission Laramie, Wyoming 2012

2 Director and State Geologist Thomas A. Drean Wind/Bighorn River Basin Water Plan Update Groundwater Study Level 1 ( ) Available Groundwater Determination Technical Memorandum Prepared for the Wyoming Water Development Commission This publication is also available online at: Design and layout by: Chamois L. Andersen Wyoming State Geological Survey Copyright 2012 by the Wyoming State Geological Survey. All rights reserved. The WSGS encourages fair use of its material. We request that credit be expressly given to the Wyoming State Geological Survey when citing information from this publication. Please contact the WSGS at (307) , ext. 224, or by at wsgs.sales@wyo.gov, if you have any questions about citing materials, preparing acknowledgments, or extensive use of this material. We appreciate your cooperation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement or approval by the State of Wyoming or the WSGS. Individuals with disabilities who require an alternate form of this publication should contact the WSGS. TTY relay operator For additional information about the WSGS or to order publications and maps, log on to uwyo.edu, call (307) , ext. 224, or wsgs.sales@wyo.gov. Cover: Outcrop of Triassic Chugwater Formation on Red Gulch Road southeast of Shell, on the eastern flank of the Bighorn Basin. Composed primarily of red siltstone and shale of the Red Peak Shale Member. Outcrop is capped by the thin limestone of the Alcova Limestone Member. Crow Mountain Sandstone Member can serve as reservoir rock where present. Photo by Alan J. Ver Ploeg (2005).

3 Available Groundwater Determination Technical Memorandum WWDC Wind/Bighorn River Basin Water Plan Update Groundwater Study Level I ( ) Paul Taucher, 4 Timothy T. Bartos, 2 Keith E. Clarey, 3 Scott A. Quillinan, 1 Laura L. Hallberg, 2 Melanie L. Clark, 2 Melissa Thompson, 1 Nikolaus Gribb, 1 Brett Worman, 1 and Tomas Gracias 1 David Copeland, 1 Editor This report was prepared under contract for the Wyoming Water Development Commission (WWDC) 3 by the Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS), 1 United States Geological Survey (USGS), 2 and Water Resources Data System (WRDS), in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer s Office (WSEO) and the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (WOGCC). Note: This electronic version, created on October 3, 2012, has been modified since the publication s original printing. 1 Wyoming State Geological Survey, P.O. Box 1347, Laramie, Wyoming U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Water Science Center, 521 Progress Circle, Suite 6, Cheyenne, Wyoming Wyoming Water Development Commission, 6920 Yellowtail Road, Cheyenne, Wyoming Energy Compliance LLC, 2302 Nighthawk Drive, Laramie, Wyoming 82072

4 A Index of Geologic Formations Alcova Limestone [Chugwater Fm] (^) 7-125, Amsden Formation ( ) 5-44, 6-75, 7-129, 7-130, 7-162, 7-163, 7-164, 7-165, 7-166, , 11,272, , , Arikaree Formation (T) Aycross Formation (T) 7-110, , B Belle Fourche Member [Frontier Fm] (K) Bighorn Dolomite ( ) 5-43, 5-44, 7-132, 7-164, 8-213, , , , C Casper Formation ( ) 5-43 Chugwater Formation (^) 5-44, 7-123, 7-127, , , Chugwater Group (^) 7-125, 7-155, 7-156, , , Cloverly Formation (KJ) 5-44, 6-74, 6-75, 7-119, 7-121, 7-122, 7-126, 7-150, 7-152, 7-153, 7-154, 7-176, , , , , Cody Shale (K) 5-44, 6-72, 6-74, 7-115, 7-116, 7-117, 7-148, , 6-73, , , Crandall Conglomerate (T) 5-44, Crow Mountain Sandstone [Chugwater Fm] (^) D Dakota Sandstone [Cloverly Fm] (KJ) 7-121, 7-152, , Darby Formation ( ) 7-130, 7-131, 7-132, 7-164, 7-166, , Darwin Sandstone Member [Amsden Fm] ( ) 6-76, Dinwoody Formation (^) 6-74, 7-125, 7-156, , , E Eagle Sandstone [Mesaverde Fm] (K) 7-146, 7-147, , Emigrant Gap Member [Frontier Fm] (K) F Fales Sandstone Member [Mesaverde Fm] (K) 7-115, Flathead Sandstone ( ) 5-44, 7-133, 7-165, 7-171, , , Fort Union Formation (T) 1-113, 5-44, 6-72, 6-73, 6-74, 6-75, 7-110, 7-113, 7-114, 7-142, 7-143, 7-144, 7-147, 7-148, 8-125, 8-212, , , , , , , , , , Fox Hills Sandstone (K) 5-44, Frontier Formation (K) 5-44, 7-118, 7-149, , , , , Fuson Shale [Cloverly Fm] (KJ) 7-121, G Gallatin Limestone ( ) 7-132, 7-133, 7-165, 7-170, 7-273, 7-280, Goose Egg Formation (}/ ) 5-44, 6-75, 7-127, 7-129, 7-158, 7-160, , , , Gros Ventre Formation ( ) 7-133, 7-165, 7-170, , , , H Horseshoe Shale Member [Amsden] ( ) 6-75, 7-160, I Indian Meadows Formation (T) 5-42, 5-43, 5-44, 7-110, 7-113, , , J K L Lakota Sandstone [Cloverly Fm] (KJ) 7-121, 7-152, , Lance Formation (K) 4-28, 5-44, 7-113, 7-115, 7-142, 7-144, 7-145, , , , , , Lander Sandstone Member [Bighorn Fm] ( ) 7-132, Leigh Dolomite Member [Bighorn Fm] ( ) 7-132, Lewis Shale (K) 5-44, 7-113, 7-115, 7-145, , 11,248, , M Madison Limestone ( ) 5-43, 5-44, 6-76, 7-130, 7-131, 7-132, 7-164, , Meeteetse Formation (K) 5-44, 7-113, 7-115, 7-144, 7-145, , , , Mesaverde Formation (K) 5-44, 6-73, 7-115, 7-116, 7-142, 7-145, 7-146, , , , ii

5 Morrison Formation (KJ) 5-44, 7-122, 7,123, 7-153, 7-154, 7-278, , , Mowry Shale (K) 5-44, 7-119, 7-150, , , 11,248, , Muddy Sandstone (K) 6-74, 6-75, 7-119, 7-120, 7-150, 7-151, 7-152, , , , , N Niobrara Formation (K) 5-44 Nugget Sandstone (J^) 6-73, 6-74, 7-122, 7-123, 7-155, , , , O P Park City Formation ( ) 7-127, 7-158, 7-160, 7-162, , , Parkman Sandstone Member [Mesaverde Fm] (K) Phosphoria Formation ( ) 5-44, 6-75, 7-125, 7-127, 7-158, 7-162, 7-170, , Popo Agie Formation [Chugwater Fm] (^) Precambrian rocks (p_) 4-28, 4-30, 5-44, 6-76, 7-134, 7-172, Q Quaternary unconsolidated deposits (Q) 6-72, 6-76, 7-147, 7-156, R Ranchester Limestone Member [Amsden Fm] ( ) 6-75, 7-160, 7-162, Red Peak Formation [Chugwater Fm] (^) S Shotgun Member [Fort Union Fm] (T) 7-113, Split Rock Formation (T) 7-109, , Steele Shale (K) 5-44 Sundance Formation (KJ) 5-44, 7-122, 7-123, 7-154, 7-155, , , T Tatman Formation (T) 5-43, , Tensleep Sandstone (}/ ) 5-44, 7-127, 7-129, 7-130, 7-160, 7-162, 7-165, 7-170, , , , , , , Tepee Trail Formation (T) 7-110, Thermopolis Shale (K) 5-44, 6-72, 6-74, 7-119,7-150, 7-151, , , Three Forks and Jefferson Formations ( ) 7-164, 7-166, U unnamed middle member [Mesaverde Fm] (K) 7-116, upper sandy member [Cody Fm] (K) V W Wagon Bed Formation (T) 5-44, 7-109, 7-110, 7-141, 7-142, , , Wallace Creek Tongue [Cody Shale] (K) 7-115, Wall Creek Sandstone Member [Frontier Fm] (K) Waltman Shale Member [Fort Union Fm] (T) White River Formation (T) 7-109, 7-141, 7-142, , , Willwood Formation (T) 5-44, 7-142, 7-143, , , , , Wind River Formation (T) 4-32, 5-42, 5-43, 5-44, 7-104, 7-110, 7-111, , X Y Yellowstone Group (QT) 4-28, 7-173, 7-175, , Z iii

6 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Part 1 Scope, participating agencies, and legal framework Scope Agency participation, responsibilities, and oversight Legal authority Wyoming water law groundwater appropriation, development, and use Wyoming water law groundwater quality Interstate agreements Authorship Acknowledgements Part 2 WBRB groundwater regime Basis of this groundwater assessment Hydrogeology Current and historic groundwater development and use patterns Alluvial aquifer potential groundwater areas Tertiary aquifer potential groundwater areas Paleozoic aquifer potential groundwater areas Chapter 2 Background Sources of data Major previous regional-scale investigations This memorandum 2011 WBRB Available Groundwater Determination Maps Chapter 3 Description of the study area Physiography, landforms, topography, and surface drainage Climate, precipitation, and vegetation Setting Wind River Basin Physiography and topography Surface drainage Population distribution, land use, and land ownership Setting Bighorn Basin Physiography and topography Surface drainage Population distribution, land use, and land ownership Chapter 4 Geologic Setting General/historical geology Structural geology Stratigraphy Wind River Basin and surrounding mountain ranges Bighorn Basin and surrounding mountain ranges Owl Creek Mountains, Bridger Mountains, and Washakie Range Volcanic and geothermal areas Absaroka Range and Volcanic Province Yellowstone Plateau Geothermal resources Mineral resources Chapter 5 Technical Concepts: Hydrogeology and Groundwater Quality Definitions and concepts iv

7 5.1.1 Definitions Types of groundwater flow Groundwater recharge, discharge, and flow Groundwater recharge Groundwater discharge Groundwater flow Groundwater storage and safe/sustainable/optimal yield Map/rock units: geologic units, lithostratigraphic units, hydrogeologic units Wyoming statewide aquifer classification system Influence of structure on groundwater circulation Implications of the basin centered gas systems exploration model Natural groundwater quality and hydrogeochemistry General discussion Groundwater quality Regulation and classification of groundwater Standards of groundwater quality Sources, screening, and selection of data Water-quality characteristics Statistical analysis Environmental water samples Produced-water samples Trilinear diagrams Aquifer sensitivity and potential groundwater contaminant sources The Wyoming Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Handbook and aquifer sensitivity Potential sources of groundwater contamination Discussion Source Water Assessment Program and Wyoming Statewide Groundwater Protection Strategy Glossary Chapter 6 WBRB Hydrogeology and Groundwater Resources Hydrostratigraphy Wind River Basin hydrostratigraphy Bighorn Basin hydrostratigraphy WBRB groundwater volume Stored groundwater volume Volume of available groundwater Discussion of stored and available groundwater estimates Average annual recharge Summary Chapter 7 WBRB Hydrogeologic Units Physical/Chemical Characteristics Wind River Basin Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers Split Rock aquifer White River aquifer Aycross Wagon Bed confining unit Wind River aquifer Indian Meadows confining unit Fort Union Lance aquifer Fort Union aquifer Lance aquifer Meeteetse Lewis confining unit Mesaverde aquifer Cody confining unit Lower and middle Mesozoic aquifers and confining units v

8 Frontier aquifer Mowry Thermopolis confining unit Mowry confining unit Muddy Sandstone aquifer Thermopolis confining unit Cloverly aquifer Morrison confining unit Sundance Nugget aquifer Sundance aquifer Gypsum Spring confining unit Nugget aquifer Chugwater Dinwoody aquifer and confining unit Chugwater aquifer Dinwoody confining unit Recharge, discharge, and groundwater movement Goose Egg Phosphoria aquifer and confining unit Paleozoic aquifer system Tensleep aquifer Amsden aquifer Madison aquifer Darby aquifer Bighorn aquifer Groundwater recharge, discharge, and movement Gallatin Gros Ventre confining unit Flathead aquifer Precambrian basal confining unit Bighorn Basin Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers White River aquifer and Wagon Bed confining unit Lower Tertiary/Upper Cretaceous aquifer system Willwood aquifer Fort Union aquifer Lance aquifer Meeteetse aquifer and confining unit Mesaverde aquifer Eagle Sandstone Recharge, discharge, and groundwater movement Cody confining unit Lower and middle Mesozoic aquifers and confining units Frontier aquifer Mowry Thermopolis confining unit Mowry confining unit Muddy Sandstone aquifer Thermopolis confining unit Cloverly aquifer Morrison confining unit and aquifer Sundance confining unit and aquifer Gypsum Spring confining unit and aquifer Nugget aquifer Recharge, discharge, and groundwater movement Chugwater Dinwoody aquifer and confining unit Chugwater aquifer Dinwoody confining unit Paleozoic aquifer system vi

9 Goose Egg aquifer and confining unit Phosphoria aquifer and confining unit Tensleep aquifer Amsden confining unit Madison Bighorn aquifer Madison aquifer Darby aquifer Bighorn aquifer Recharge, discharge, and groundwater movement Gallatin Gros Ventre confining unit Flathead aquifer Precambrian basal confining unit Absaroka Range and Yellowstone Volcanic Area Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers Quaternary and Tertiary volcanic-rock aquifers Aquifers in rhyolite flows, tuff, and intrusive igneous rocks Yellowstone Group aquifers Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup aquifers Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic sedimentary-rock aquifers Willwood aquifer Frontier aquifer Cloverly aquifer Morrison confining unit and aquifer Chugwater aquifer Phosphoria aquifer and confining unit Tensleep aquifer Amsden confining unit Madison aquifer Chapter 8 Groundwater Development and Use Information from previous and current water plans Irrigation Livestock watering Municipal/community public water systems Non-community public water systems Rural domestic Recreation and environmental Industrial and mining Information from hydrogeologic units studies Groundwater permits information Groundwater permits by permit status Groundwater permits by depth and yield Groundwater permits by use Permits by mapped location, depth, yield Groundwater permits mapped by use, and depth vs. yield statistics WSEO municipal-use permits Domestic-use permits Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) wells and springs Industrial and mineral use and CBNG permits Groundwater use for energy development Groundwater use for non-energy minerals development Irrigation-use permits Livestock-stock use permits Miscellaneous-use permits vii

10 Monitoring wells Other wells, test wells, and TWE commercial permits Hydrothermal use Groundwater interference/interconnection with surface water Interference between wells and drawdown Interconnection between groundwater and surface water Chapter 9 Looking to the Future Future groundwater development Aquifer-specific development potential Aquifers and specific projects Groundwater interference and interconnection with surface water Recommendations for future updates Data Challenges Future Efforts References Appendix A Description of GIS geologic units, Wind/Bighorn River Basin, Wyoming Appendix B Wyoming Water Development Commission studies Appendix C GIS Data and Sourcesv Appendix D Summary of current aquifer uses and development potential Appendix E Summary statistics for environmental water samples Appendix F Summary statistics for produced water samples Appendix G Trilinear diagrams showing major-ion composition and dissolved-solids concentrations for environmental groundwater samples Appendix H Trilinear diagrams showing major-ion composition and dissolved-solids concentrations for produced groundwater samples List of Figures Figure 1-1. Major drainage basins, Wyoming Figure 3-1. Geographic index map, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 3-2. Major structural/physiographic features, drainages, and bodies of water, Wind/Bighorn River Basin (WBRB) Figure 3-3. Average annual precipitation ( ), Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 4-1. Potential hydrothermal resource areas, Wind/Bighorn River Basin, Wyoming Figure 5-1. Conceptual cross section of groundwater features, basin margin to basin center Figure 5-2. Estimated net annual aquifer recharge, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-3. Aquifer sensitivity, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-4. Potential groundwater contaminant sources: oil and gas fields, pipelines, and Class II injection and disposal wells, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-5. Potential groundwater contaminant sources: Class I and V injection wells permitted through the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality Underground Injection Control (UIC) program and active outfalls in the Wyoming Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (WYPDES) program, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-6. Potential groundwater contaminant sources: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality permitted and inventoried solid and hazardous waste facilities, and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), Wyoming Wind/ Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-7. Potential groundwater contaminant sources: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ) permitted viii

11 storage tanks and commercial disposal pits; WDEQ Voluntary Remediation Program (VRP), Brownfield, Independent cleanup process (ICP), and orphan sites; and known contaminated areas in WDEQ s groundwater program, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-8. Potential Groundwater Contaminant Sources: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality Land Quality Division permitted mines, {quarries, and pits}, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 5-9. Potential groundwater contaminant sources: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality Abandoned Mine Land Divsion abandoned mine sites, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure Potential groundwater contaminant sources: Wyoming State Geological Survey mapped mines, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 6-1. Detailed composite measured section of the lower Fort Union, Lance, Meeteetse, and Mesaverde Formations and upper Cody Shale, Elk Basin (Bighorn Basin), Wyoming Figure 6-2. Estimated net annual aquifer recharge surface Quaternary Aquifer, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 6-3. Estimated net annual aquifer recharge interior basin surface Q/T Aquifer, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 6-4. Estimated net annual aquifer recharge surface }/ Aqifer, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 6-5. Estimated net annual aquifer recharge surface Absaroka Volcanics, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 6-6. Estimated net annual aquifer recharge surface = Aquifer, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 6-7. Aquifer recharge as percentage of precipitation, Wyoming Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 7-1. Groundwater quality sample locations, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 7-2. Water-table contours and depth to water in Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers in the lower Little Wind River Basin, Wyoming Figure 7-3. Water-table contours and depth to water in Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers in the Crowheart area of the Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming Figure 7-4. Water-table contours and depth to water in Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers in the upper Little Wind River and Mill Creek Basins, Wyoming Figure 7-5. Water-table contours in Quaternary unconsolidated-deposit aquifers in Owl Creek Valley, Wyoming Figure 7-6. Water-table contours in Quaternary alluvial and terrace-deposit aquifers along the Shoshone River, Wyoming Figure 7-7. Water-table contours in Quaternary terrace-deposit aquifers along Orchard Bench, Wyoming Figure 7-8. Water-table contours in Quaternary terrace-deposit aquifers along Emblem Bench, Wyoming Figure 7-9. Water-table contours in Quaternary alluvial aquifers along the Bighorn River, Wyoming Figure Comparison of predevelopment potentiometric surfaces, Tensleep aquifer, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming Figure Generalized groundwater movement for the Paleozoic aquifer system in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming Figure 8-1. Permitted municipal wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-2. Permitted domestic wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-3. Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ) Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) sites, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-4. Permitted industrial and mineral wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-5. Permitted coalbed natural gas (CBNG) wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-6. Permitted irrigation wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-7. Permitted livestock wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-8. Permitted miscellaneous wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure 8-9. Permitted monitor wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin Figure Other permitted wells, Wind/Bighorn River Basin List of Tables Table 3-1. Wind River Basin surface drainage divisions by tributary rank and downstream order Table 3-2. Bighorn Basin surface drainage divisions by tributary rank and downstream order ix

12 Table 5-1. Selected groundwater quality standards and advisories Table 6-1. Total groundwater volume, WBRB Q/T Aquifer, estimated on porosity (cubic feet, except totals) Table 6-2a. Total groundwater volume, WBRB Quaternary Aquifer, 10-ft saturated thickness, estimated on porosity Table 6-2b. Total groundwater volume, WBRB Quaternary Aquifer, 20-ft saturated thickness, estimated on porosity Table 6-3. Available groundwater volumes, WBRB Q/T Aquifer, unconfined and confined intervals estimated on specific yield and storage coefficient Table 6-4a. Available groundwater volume, WBRB Quaternary Aquifer, 10-ft saturated thickness, estimated on specific yield Table 6-4b. Available groundwater volume, WBRB Quaternary Aquifer, 20-ft saturated thickness, estimated on specific yield Table 6-5. Summary Estimates and comparison of stored and available groundwater volumes, WBRB Q/T Aquifer Table 6-6a. Summary - Estimates of stored and available groundwater volumes in the WBRB Quaternary Aquifer, 10-ft saturated thickness Table 6-6b. Summary - Estimates of stored and available groundwater volumes in the WBRB Quaternary Aquifer, 20-ft saturated thickness Table 6-7. Percentages of the seven recharge-efficiency ranges that cover the outcrop areas defined for this study, Wind River and Bighorn basins, Wyoming Table 6-8a. Estimated average annual recharge to Wind River Basin outcrop areas Table 6-8b. Estimated average annual recharge to Bighorn Basin outcrop areas Table 6-9. WBRB total average annual recharge Table 6-10a. Recharge as percentage of stored and available groundwater, Q/T Aquifer Table 6-10b. Recharge as percentage of stored and available groundwater, Quaternary Aquifer 10-ft saturated thickness Table 6-10c. Recharge as percentage of stored and available groundwater, Quaternary Aquifer 20-ft saturated thickness Table 8-1. Total groundwater withdrawals by use Table 8-2a. WBRB water resources mass balance precipitation, outflow, consumptive use Table 8-2b. Ranges of estimated recharge and evapotranspiration total and sedimentary aquifers Table 8-2c. Current annual groundwater withdrawals and consumptive use Table 8-2d. Summary of recharge estimates as percentages of water balance statistics, WBRB Table 8-2e. Summary of groundwater use estimates as percentages of recharge estimates Table 8-2f. Low, medium, and high estimates of future groundwater requirements and requirements as percentages of recharge to sedimentary aquifers at years 2020, 2040, Table 8-3. WSEO groundwater permits in the Wyoming WBRB database by permit status Table 8-4. WSEO groundwater permits in the Wyoming WBRB database by depth range Table 8-5. WSEO groundwater permits in the Wyoming WBRB database by yield range Table 8-6. WSEO groundwater permits in the Wyoming WBRB database by intended use Table 8-7. WSEO groundwater permits in the Wind River Indian Reservation WBRB database by intended use Table 8-8. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology groundwater permits in the Montana WBRB Table 8-9. WSEO fully adjudicated groundwater permits for municipal use in the Wyoming WBRB database Table WSEO incomplete, cancelled, abandoned, and permits with no listed status in the Wyoming WBRB database by municipal use Table Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality SWAP wells and springs x

13 List of Acronyms AMCL AML AMLE ANC AYV BAG BCGS BHB BIA BUREC CAFO CBNG EA EIS EPA ET FS GIS GPS HAL ICP LQD MBMG MCL MDL MGIC NPDES NWIS PLSS POTW PWD RCRA RMLB R/P SAR SC SDVC SDWA SHWD SMCL SWAP TDS TSD UCG UIC USBLM alternative MCL abandoned mine land adjusted maximum likelihood estimation acid-neutralizing capacity Absaroka and Yellowstone Volcanic Area Basin Advisory Group basin-centered gas system Bighorn Basin Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Bureau of Reclamation concentrated animal feeding operation [feedlot] coalbed natural gas Environmental Assessment Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) evapotranspiration Forest Service (U.S.) geographic information system global positioning system health advisory level independent cleanup process Land Quality Division (WDEQ) Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology maximum contaminant level multiple detection limit Montana Geographic Information Clearinghouse National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (USEPA) National Water Information System (USGS) Public Land Survey System public owned treatment works Produced Waters Database (USGS) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Rocky Mountain Laramide basin recharge/precipitation ratio; recharge fraction (of precipitation) sodium-adsorption ratio Statement of Completion Spatial Data and Visualization Center (UW now WyGISC) Safe Drinking Water Act Solid and Hazardous Waste Division (WDEQ) secondary maximum contaminant level Source Water Assessment Program total dissolved solids treatment storage and disposal underground coal gasification underground injection control U.S. Bureau of Land Management xi

14 USEPA USGS UW VRP WBRB WDA WDEQ WOGCC WQD WRB WRDS WRRI WSEO WSGS WWDC WWDO WyGISC WYPDES U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Geological Survey University of Wyoming Volunteer Remediation Program Wind/Bighorn River Basin Wyoming Department of Agriculture Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality Wyoming Oil & Gas Conservation Commission Water Quality Division (WDEQ) Wind River Basin Water Resources Data System (University of Wyoming) Water Resources Research Institute (University of Wyoming) Wyoming State Engineer s Office Wyoming State Geological Survey Wyoming Water Development Commission Wyoming Water Development Office Wyoming Geographical Information Science Center (UW was SDVC) Wyoming Pollutant Discharge Elimination System xii