Outline Superior Province: geological overview Superior Province: gold endowment Orogenic lode gold deposits: characteristics Recent results: 1) Stull
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1 Golden Golden Opportunities Opportunities Manitoba Manitoba Mining Mining & & Minerals Minerals Convention Convention Archean orogenic lode gold in the Superior Province of Manitoba: Recent Recent results results on on structural structural controls, controls, relative relative timing timing and and orogenic orogenic context context of of mineralization mineralization Scott Anderson Manitoba Manitoba Geological Geological Survey Survey San Gold # 2 zone Rice Lake mine Bissett Twin Lakes B-zone
2 Outline Superior Province: geological overview Superior Province: gold endowment Orogenic lode gold deposits: characteristics Recent results: 1) Stull Lake belt (Twin Lakes) 2) Rice Lake belt (San Antonio) Preliminary conclusions; future plans structural controls relative timing orogenic context
3 Superior Province Sugluk Douglas Harbour Pikwitonei Molson L. Bird R. Winnipeg R. Quetico Wawa Northern Superior Oxford L. L. - Stull L. L. Island L. Berens R. Uchi Wabigoon Minnesota River Valley 500 Kilometres Minto Goudalie Goudalie Bienville La Grande Opinaca Kapuskasing English R. Opatica Quetico Abitibi Wawa Pontiac Utsalik Ashuanipi
4 Golden Golden Opportunities Opportunities Superior Province: Orogenic Orogenic Lode Lode Gold Gold Deposits Deposits 500 Kilometres North Caribou Lake Pickle Lake Rice Lake Red Lake Chibougamau Val d Or Hemlo HollingerMcIntyre HGZ, HGZ, Red Red Lake Lake mine mine Malartic Kirkland Lake
5 Northern Superior Oxford- Stull Manitoba Ontario NW Superior Province Munro Island L. > 2.8 Ga continental terranes and isotopic influence Ga Northern Superior superterrane Lake Winnipeg Berens River Ga North Caribou terrane Ga Winnipeg River terrane Wabigoon Winnipeg R. Uchi English R. Quetico Greenstone belts Mainly continental affinity Mainly oceanic affinity OLG deposits >50,000 oz. Au >1,000,000 oz. Au Meta-sedimentary belt Wawa Lake Su p erior Granitoid rocks 200 km (Percival et al., 2000)
6 Berens River Hasaga Little Stull Dona Lake Starratt Olsen Gods Lake Oxford Lake Central Mb. High Rock Is. Gunnar Packsack Ogama Sachigo R. Golden Opportunities Golden Opportunities **Over 41 million ounces discovered to date 10,000,000 1,000, ,000 Red Lake Musselwhite Madsen San Antonio Pickle Crow Cochenour McKenzie 10,000 NW Superior Province: Orogenic Lode Gold deposits (>50,000 oz. Au) Central Patricia Twin Lakes Howey Lingman Lake
7 **Over 3.5 million ounces discovered to date NW Superior Province: Manitoba OLG deposits Thompson Oxford Lake Gods Lake Deposit Greenstone belt Ounces Au Discovery year Stull Lake San Antonio Twin Lakes Rice Lake Stull Lake 1,970, , Lake Winnipeg Island Lake Little Stull Stull Lake 220, Gods Lake Gods Lake 160, Oxford Lake Oxford Lake 150, Central MB Rice Lake 140, km Rice Lake High Rock Is. Gunnar Island Lake Rice Lake 120, , Packsack Rice Lake 90, Winnipeg Ogama Rice Lake 60, (>50,000 ounces)
8 Orogenic Lode Gold Deposits: Characteristics Accretionary plate margins Granitoid - greenstone terranes Spatially associated with regional-scale shear zones marking major terrane boundaries Regional greenschist-facies metamorphism Fe-rich rock-types (chemical traps) Quartz-carbonate vein systems High degree of structural control Evidence for syn to late-kinematic emplacement
9 Orogenic lode gold deposits: Processes and controls Relative timing Orogenic context Structural analysis Detailed structure analysis provides constraints on: DEPOSIT GENESIS FORMULATE EXPLORATION STRATEGIES
10 Lake Winnipeg Northern Superior Oxford- Stull North Caribou (GS-20) (T13) Manitoba Ontario NW Superior Province: MGS structural mapping > 2.8 Ga continental terranes and isotopic influence Ga Northern Superior superterrane Ga North Caribou terrane Ga Winnipeg River terrane Wabigoon Winnipeg R. Uchi English R. Quetico Greenstone belts Mainly continental affinity Mainly oceanic affinity Meta-sedimentary belt Wawa Lake Su p erior Granitoid rocks 200 km (Percival et al., 2000)
11 Gods Lake Stull Lake region Gods Lake Little Stull Lake Twin Lakes
12 Twin Lakes deposit SW Stull Lake belt TLSZ SWSZ
13 Sharpe Lake - Twin Lakes: Provisional summary of deformation Deformation structures Shortening direction Regional structure Tectonic significance D 1 Bedding-parallel S 1 foliation; rare isoclinal F 1 folds? Early thrust faults? Onset of collisional orogenesis? D 2 Regional S 2 foliation; isoclinal, doubly-plunging F 2 folds; steep L 2 stretching lineation; ductile shear zones (north over south shear) NE-SW Belt-scale isoclinal F 2 folds; High-T shear zones on belt margins; SLWSZ and TLSZ Collisional orogenesis; early Kenoran Orogeny; sinistral transpression? D 3 Mylonitic S 3 in east-trending, ductile > brittle, dextral shear zones; WSW-trending S 3 crenulation cleavage; F 3 folds NW-SE Crustal-scale, greenschist-facies shear zones; SLWSZ and TLSZ (late) Dextral transpression; terminal Kenoran Orogeny D 4 Brittle > ductile faults? Late-orogenic shortening
14 TL Twin Lakes Deposit: 0m Cross section C ZONE TL TL m TL TL TL LEGEND Fluvial sedimentary rocks Feldspar-porphyry dike Plagioclase-phyric andesite Felsic - intermediate tuff Mafic volcanic rocks; gabbro TL Greywacke, mudstone; iron formation A ZONE B ZONE 400m SECTION E Section Looking West 0m 50m 100m
15 Seeber West Zone Twin Lakes Deposit: Seeber Central/Twin West Zone Twin Lake Zone Longitudinal section 200m 200m 400m Fall 2004 Drilling Area >10.00 g/t Au/m 400m B Zone 1.0 km g/t Au/m Fall 2004 Drilling Winter 2004 Drilling 2003 Drilling Pre 2003 Drilling Hole ID g/t Au / metre 200m 200m 400m Fall 2004 Drilling Area 400m C Zone
16 Twin Lakes Deposit: mineralization style TL (C-zone) Early sericite-ankerite alteration (incompetent) Later quartz-albite alteration (competent) Brittle failure Structural permeability Syn-kinematic veins (qtz-aspy + Au)
17 Golden Golden Opportunities Opportunities Twin Lakes Deposit: relative relative timing timing GSC04-5 S2 B-zone GSC04-5 GSC04-5 (B-zone) (B-zone) Syn - D22 mineralization L22
18 96 15' Rice Lake belt Geological contact kilometres Shear zone 51 15' Lewis-Storey assemblage Gold occurrence; gold deposit Paleozoic Limestone, quartzite Black Is. Wanipigow Shear Zone English River terrane Paragneiss, orthogneiss granite (ca Ga) Rice Lake belt Uchi terrane Lake Winnipeg Siliciclastic rocks (ca. 2.7 Ga) Tonalite, quartz diorite (ca Ga) Volcanic rocks ( ca Ga) Manigotagan Shear Zone Ross River pluton Wallace assemblage Manitoba Ontario 51 00' North Caribou terrane Volcanic rocks ( ca Ga) Platform-rift sequence ( ca Ga) Tonalitic intrusive rocks (2.7 to 3.0 Ga) 95 15' 50 45'
19 Central Rice Lake belt
20 Central Rice Lake belt: Provisional summary of deformation Shortening direction Deformation structures Regional structure Tectonic significance D1? None observed Tilting Intraoceanic accretion? D2? Local, weak, layer-parallel S2 foliation Thrust faults Basin inversion; early Kenoran Orogeny D3 NNE-SSW Regional NW- to WNWtrending S3; L3 stretching lineation; upright F3 folds Macroscopic folds; Gold Creek syncline and Horseshoe Lake anticline Crustal thickening; main-stage Kenoran Orogeny D4 NW-SE Regional SW- to WSWtrending S4; L 3 4 intersection lineation; Z-asymmetric F4 folds? Early dextral transpression? D5 NNW-SSE WNW- to NNW-trending highstrain zones; L5 lineation; F5 folds; S5 shear-band cleavage Dextral transcurrent shear zones Orogen-scale dextral transpression; terminal collision? D6 E-W Open, north-trending F6 crenulations Open folds at Rice Lake?
21 San Antonio mine geology San Antonio assemblage Quartz arenite, polymictic conglomerate Round Lake section Heterolithic conglomerate Townsite section Dacite tuff breccia Pillowed basalt, minor volcaniclastic rocks Gabbro Felsic volcanic sandstone and conglomerate (Modified from Poulsen et al., 1996) Angular unconformity San Antonio mine A Melagabbro Hotel C(projected) (projected) B A' Leucogabbro D (projected) Disconformity Projection of workings Hares Is. Shaft San Antonio sill Younging direction Geological boundary (approx., extrapolated) Unit A Rice Lake A metres
22 Level 15, San Antonio mine 38-type 16-type
23 San Antonio-type vein systems: relative timing S 3 -S 4 -S 5 16-type 16-type 38-type 38-type 16-type Syn to post-d 5 mineralization (?)
24 Conclusions and future work SLB and TLB - complex structural evolution TL and SA deposits - high degree of structural control Syn-tectonic vein (+Au) emplacement Twin Lakes deposit syn-d 2 early tectonic What is the absolute age of mineralization? San Antonio deposit syn to post-d 5 (?) late tectonic Re-Os (apy) How did the deposits form? U-Pb (ti, mz) Where should we look for more?
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