Linking Surface Ocean and the Deep Sea.
|
|
|
- Harriet Carpenter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Linking Surface Ocean and the Deep Sea. Richard Lampitt Southampton Oceanography Centre With many thanks to: AvanAntia Dave Billett Adrian Burd Maureen Conte Roger Francois Sus Honjo George Jackson Christine Klaas Corinne Lequere Alex Mustard Susanne Neuer Uta Passow Katya Popova Olivier Ragueneau Richard Rivkin Ben Wigham And all the other people from whom I have stolen ideas, data and images. 1
2 5m Primary Production 5m Seabed Linking Surface Ocean and the Deep Sea. 1. Processes responsible 2. Temporal, Vertical and Geographic variations 3. Modelling approaches 4. Significance for (and of) benthic communities 5. The major achievements of JGOFS 6. Challenges ahead of us 2
3 Processes responsible for downward flux: Downwelling-DOM and POM Diffusion - DOM Gravitational sinking - POM Vertical migration -DOM and POM DOC (µmol) Depth (meters) Richard Rivkin & Louis Legendre 3
4 What is POM? The Fabulous Faecal Photo -- Debbie Steinberg 4
5 Bacterial Biomass (µg C l -1 ) Depth (meters) Richard Rivkin & Louis Legendre Mesozooplankton: A copepod 5
6 Marine Snow Inanimate particles greater than.5mm diameter. The principal vehicles for downward particle flux 6
7 Zooplankter feeding on marine snow aggregate Lampitt 1995 Breakup of an aggregate By Euphausia pacifica (16 mm in length) Dilling and Alldredge 2 7
8 In situ holographic Imaging Holo-Cam 2.4 m long 1. m dia. 2.3 tonnes 1 ns pulse 5 litre view Marine Snow particle As recorded by in situ holographic camera 8
9 Aggregation models: Stickiness Abundance S i z e Sinking rate Linking Surface Ocean and the Deep Sea. 1. Processes responsible 2. Temporal, Vertical and Geographic variations 3. Modelling approaches 4. Significance for (and of) benthic communities 5. The major achievements of JGOFS 6. Challenges ahead of us 9
10 Means of examination: Inferences from twilight zone oxygen consumption Inferences from primary production Measurement by sediment trap Inference from biological processes e.g. Gut evacuation rates, vertical migration Model output Oxygen uptake rate based on tritium-helium tracer dating of water masses => oxygen demand => Export flux ~3.8 mol m -2 a -1 or 45 g m -2 a -1 Jenkins
11 Annual export of organic carbon as calculated from PTE model, temp and net PP. Laws et al 2 Means of examination: Inferences from upper ocean processes Measurement by sediment trap Inference from biological processes e.g. Gut evacuation rates, vertical migration Model output 1 1
12 BGC Provinces (Longhurst 1995) Qualifying deep ocean sediment trap stations. 1 2
13 Depth (m) 23 Th Trapping Efficiency (%) ESTOC OMEX-2 OMEX-3 OMEX-4 WAST CAST EAST Yu et al 21 Scholten et al 22 L1 L2 L3 NABE 34 NABE 48 BOFS ESTOC Downward particle flux in contrasting environments DW Flux (mg/m 2 /d) DW Flux (mg/m 2 /d) Apr J u n Aug O c t Dec Feb A p r Western Indian Ocean 316m depth (Haake et al 1993) Day Number 1986 SW Monsoon NE Monsoon J a n M a r May Jul Sep Nov Jan Day Number 1992 Equatorial Pacific 3618m depth (Honjo et al 1995)
14 High frequency variability and episodic flux"events off Bermuda at 32m Mass flux (mg m -2 d -1 ) m Maureen Conte BTM upper ocean records: Oct 96 - Jan 97 Fluorescence (V) Depth (m) Passage of a warm mesoscale feature over the time-series site (Dickey et al. 21) 1 4
15 High frequency variability and episodic flux"events off Bermuda at 32m Mass flux (mg m -2 d -1 ) m Maureen Conte COLLECTION DATE Mass flux (mg m -2 d -1 ) Biomarker Flux (µg m -2 d -1) /18-11/2-11/18-12/2-11/2 11/18 12/2 12/18 Fluorescence Increase at BTM Nov 27 MASS Organic Carbon Phytosterols diols+ketols+acylglycerols alkenones (x2) PUFAs(x4) 12 /18-12/31 12/31-1/ Org C flux (mg m - 2 d -1 ) Maureen Conte 1 5
16 Vertical trends Organic Carbon Flux (g/m 2 /y) Depth (m) 2 3 Martin et al J=J 1 /((Z/1) ) 5 Downward particulate flux as a function of depth 1 6
17 Export Ratio (POC FLUX/PP),,5,1,15 1 WML Depth (m) Betzer Pace Berger This Antiastudy Suess Significance of the mixed layer depth Export Ratio (POC FLUX/PP),,5,1,15 1 WML Depth (m) Betzer Pace Berger This Antiastudy Suess Significance of the mixed layer depth 1 7
18 THE MINERAL ASSOCIATION MODEL Free POC POC associated with ballast POC flux tightly linked to flux of ballast (Armstrong et al., 22) Annual export of organic carbon as calculated from PTE model, temp and net PP. Laws et al 2 1 8
19 Roger Francois Roger Francois 1 9
20 Transfer efficiency Roger Francois Increased settling velocity with depth (Berelson 22) 2
21 Conclusion High latitudes have high export ratio but low transfer efficiency to the deep ocean. Explanations may lie in: the effect of SST, the mineral association of the organic carbon Sinking rate of particles Frequency of episodic events. Means of examination: Inferences from primary production Inferences from twilight zone oxygen consumption Measurement by sediment trap Inference from biological processes e.g. Gut evacuation rates, vertical migration Model output 2 1
22 Plankton diel vertical migration Alex Mustard (SOC) Potential mechanisms for material transport by plankton migration 1: Mortality 2: Defecation 3: Excretion 4: Reproduction 5: Respiration Surface Seasonal Thermocline Permanent Thermocline 2 2
23 Contribution of migrating plankton to downward flux 8 % Passive flux Subtrop. and trop. Atl BATS (M-A) EQPAC NABE BATS (All) HOT From Steinberg modified by Ducklow et al. 21 5m Primary Production Migration 5m Advection Seabed 2 3
24 Linking Surface Ocean and the Deep Sea. 1. Processes responsible 2. Temporal, Vertical and Geographic variations 3. Modelling approaches 4. Significance for (and of) benthic communities 5. The major achievements of JGOFS 6. Challenges ahead of us 1D model: 2 4
25 Labile DON Phytoplankton Nitrate Ammonium Bacteria Zooplankton Slow Detritus Fast Detritus Ecosystem model based on Fasham and Evans The Porcupine Abyssal Plain Study site m 2m 1m 4m Rockall Bank PAP Rockall Trough 2m North 45 JGOFS Porcupine Abyssal Plain 4 Iberian Abyssal Plain 35 Madeira Abyssal Plain West 2 5
26 Organic carbon Flux (mg/m 2 /d) Downward particle flux at the PAP time series site at 3m depth (49 o N 16.5 o W) Modelled flux Measured flux Year Lampitt et al 21 Annual downward flux of organic carbon at 3m depth. 3 Model Measured Flux (g/m 2 /y) Year Lampitt et al
27 Global GCM s with biogeochemistry The Seabed beneath: the ultimate sediment trap 2 7
28 6 The Porcupine Abyssal Plain Study site m 2m 1m 4m Rockall Bank PAP Rockall Trough 2m North 45 JGOFS Porcupine Abyssal Plain 4 Iberian Abyssal Plain 35 Madeira Abyssal Plain West Time lapse photographs Of the seabed at 4m on eastern side of PAP. Mound is 18cm across. Lampitt
29 15cm long specimen of Benthogone rosea feeding on the phtodetrital layer at 2m depth Organic carbon Flux (mg/m 2 /d) Year Benthic phytodetritus % Benthic coverage Lampitt et al
30 A movie of 9 months on the floor of the PAP Billett et al pers comm. Three specimens of the Holothurian Amperima rosea 3
31 Abundance (#/hectare) Amperima rosea Year Bett & Wigham Annual downward flux of organic carbon at 3m depth. 3 Model Measured Flux (g/m 2 /y) Year Lampitt et al
32 Linking surface ocean and the deep sea Major achievement of JGOFS 1. How to measure flux. 2. Temporal and geographical variability in flux and composition of material. 3. Ballast affects transfer efficiency. 4. Benthic communities are highly sensitive to upper ocean processes. 5. Models and data are converging. 6. Establishment of time series sites Linking surface ocean and the deep sea Future challenges 1. How does the Martin curve change in time and space? 2. What components of the midwater biosphere are the major players? 3. What is the effect of temporal variation in flux on aphotic communities? 4. Develop models. 5. Maintain time series sites. 3 2
33 A poor understanding of spatial and temporal distributions can have surprising and adverse effects. Winslet and Di Caprio 1997 The End 3 3
2006 AGU Ocean Science Meeting in Hawaii
26 AGU Ocean Science Meeting in Hawaii Session: Sinking Particle in the Twilight Zone OS23H- Mutsu Institute for Oceanography Linkage between seasonal variability of nutrients in the epipelagic layer and
Modelling Denitrification
Modelling Denitrification Tom Anderson, Mike Fasham National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK Vladimir Ryabchenko, Viktor Gorchakov P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, St Petersburg, Russia Questions:
Time-series observations in the Northern Indian Ocean V.V.S.S. Sarma National Institute of Oceanography Visakhapatnam, India
The Second GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium, Tokyo, 14-16 th April 28 Time-series observations in the Northern Indian Ocean V.V.S.S. Sarma National Institute of Oceanography Visakhapatnam, India Seasonal variations
INSIGHTS INTO PARTICLE FORMATION AND REMINERALIZATION USING THE SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE, THORUIM-234 LA Woods Hole, MA 02543
1 1 2 3 4 INSIGHTS INTO PARTICLE FORMATION AND REMINERALIZATION USING THE SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE, THORUIM-234 Kanchan Maiti 1,2, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson 3 and Ken O. Buesseler 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Department
Investigating the active flux of carbon in the Southern Ocean: the contribution of a prominent euphausiid
Investigating the active flux of carbon in the Southern Ocean: the contribution of a prominent euphausiid PhD research Cecilia Liszka, UEA and BAS Supervisors: Geraint Tarling 1, Clara Manno 1, Carol Robinson
Jeffrey Polovina 1, John Dunne 2, Phoebe Woodworth 1, and Evan Howell 1
Projected expansion of the subtropical biome and contraction of the temperate and equatorial upwelling biomes in the North Pacific under global warming Jeffrey Polovina 1, John Dunne 2, Phoebe Woodworth
Ocean 621 4/27/09. Pelagic-benthic coupling (especially high latitutudes) a) Introduction. 1. Definitions 2. Why care 3. General principles
Ocean 621 4/27/09 Pelagic-benthic coupling (especially high latitutudes) a) Introduction 1. Definitions 2. Why care 3. General principles b) Pelagic-benthic coupling at high latitudes 1. Nature of the
Chapter 14 Ocean Particle Fluxes Jim Murray (5/7/01) Univ. Washington
Chapter 14 Ocean Particle Fluxes Jim Murray (5/7/01) Univ. Washington The flux of particulate material to the deep sea is dominated by large rapidly settling particles, especially: zooplankton fecal pellets
Shedding light on processes that control particle export and flux attenuation in the twilight zone of the open ocean
Limnol. Oceanogr., 54(4), 2009, 1210 1232 E 2009, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Shedding light on processes that control particle export and flux attenuation in the twilight
Arctic Ocean Biology. from the surface to the deep sea
Arctic Ocean Biology from the surface to the deep sea Christina Bienhold Helmholtz Max Planck Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology cbienhol@mpi-bremen.de ACCESS Summerschool, Bremen, Germany
Dynamics of particulate organic carbon flux in a global ocean model
Biogeosciences, 11, 1177 1198, 2014 doi:10.5194/bg-11-1177-2014 Authors 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Biogeosciences Open Access Dynamics of particulate organic carbon flux in a global ocean model
Life on Earth
Life on Earth By feeding, i.e. source of energy a) Autotrophs, self-feeding, e.g. plants (phyto-) b) Heterotrophs, eat others, e.g. animals (zoo-) By feeding, i.e. source of energy a) Autotrophs b)
Carbon cycling in a changing climate. How will the oceans respond to the rapid changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide that are ahead of us?
Carbon cycling in a changing climate. How will the oceans respond to the rapid changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide that are ahead of us? pco 2(atm) pco 2(aq) CO 2(aq) + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H2CO3 H + +HCO
2 Respiration patterns in the deep ocean
2 Respiration patterns in the deep ocean Johan Henrik Andersson, Jeroen W. M. Wijsman, Peter M. J. Herman, Jack J. Middelburg, Karline Soetaert and Carlo Heip, 2004, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L03304,
G 3. AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society
Geosystems G 3 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society Forum Volume 5, Number 4 6 April 2004 Q04002, doi:10.1029/2003gc000670 ISSN: 1525-2027 Switching
Catastrophic reduction of seaice in the Arctic Ocean - its impact on the marine ecosystems in the polar region-
1/12 Catastrophic reduction of seaice in the Arctic Ocean - its impact on the marine ecosystems in the polar region- KAKENHI No.22221003 Naomi Harada (JAMSTEC) J. Onodera, E. Watanabe, K. Matsuno, K. Kimoto,
Estimates of Rates of Biological Productivity at BATS: Is there convergence?
Estimates of Rates of Biological Productivity at BATS: Is there convergence? Rachel H. R. Stanley Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Outline 1) Introduction to Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Site (BATS)
Factors impacting the formation & modification of sinking oil snow : Processes and Pathways
Factors impacting the formation & modification of sinking oil snow : Processes and Pathways K.L. Daly 1, U. Passow 2, C. Hu 1, N. Prouty 3, F. Mienis 4,A. Remsen 1, K. Kramer 1, and S. Murasko 5 1 University
Nutrients; Aerobic Carbon Production and Consumption
Nutrients; Aerobic Carbon Production and Consumption OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapters 8 and 9 Why is organic matter such a good electron donor? Every (other) breath you take is a
Terrestrial Plants 900 GT C Terrestrial Primary Production 75 GT C/yr. River flux 0.5 GT C/yr. Carbonates 60,000,000 GT C
Most of the organic carbon on earth is stored in long term deposits (shales, coals, sedimentary rocks) that represent a leak from the contemporary C cycle Terrestrial Plants 900 GT C Terrestrial Primary
Eddy and Chlorophyll-a Structure in the Kuroshio Extension Detected from Altimeter and SeaWiFS
14th Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface (IOAS-AOLS), AMS Atlanta, January 17-21, 21 Eddy and Chlorophyll-a Structure in the Kuroshio
Nutrients; Aerobic Carbon Production and Consumption
Nutrients; Aerobic Carbon Production and Consumption OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapters 8 and 9 Formation and respiration of organic matter DINutrients POM Primary Producers Autotrophs
Upper Ocean Circulation
Upper Ocean Circulation C. Chen General Physical Oceanography MAR 555 School for Marine Sciences and Technology Umass-Dartmouth 1 MAR555 Lecture 4: The Upper Oceanic Circulation The Oceanic Circulation
Phytoplankton. The Biological Pump. Nutrient Cycling and the Marine Biological Pump. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. CSU ATS Sco9 Denning 1
Nutrient Cycling and the Marine Biological Pump Readings: SelecGons from Williams & Follows (2011) Sabine et al (2004): Ocean Sink for Anthropogenic CO 2 Phytoplankton Diameter: < 1 mm to over 100 mm ConcentraGon:
Nutrients; Aerobic Carbon Production and Consumption
Nutrients; Aerobic Carbon Production and Consumption OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapters 8 and 9 Formation and respiration of organic matter DINutrients POM Primary Producers Autotrophs
CHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Ocean Currents Surface currents Deep currents 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Measuring Surface Currents Direct methods Floating device tracked
Rapid oxygen utilization in the ocean twilight zone assessed with the cosmogenic isotope 7 Be
Click Here for Full Article GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 23,, doi:10.1029/2009gb003510, 2009 Rapid oxygen utilization in the ocean twilight zone assessed with the cosmogenic isotope 7 Be David Kadko
Climate scenarios and vulnerabilities in the Aleutian and Bering Sea islands John Walsh, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Climate scenarios and vulnerabilities in the Aleutian and Bering Sea islands John Walsh, University of Alaska Fairbanks Nick Bond, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Why do we need to downscale
Diel Vertical Migration OCN 621
Diel Vertical Migration OCN 621 Outline Definition Who does it? How fast? Migration cues Why? Variations: seasonal, ontogenic, reverse Biogeochemical implications Diel Vertical Migration: Definitions Usually
Modeling Indian Ocean Biogeochemistry Iron Limitation and Dipole-Zonal Mode Impacts
Modeling Indian Ocean Biogeochemistry Iron Limitation and Dipole-Zonal Mode Impacts Jerry Wiggert jwiggert@ccpo.odu.edu Funded by the NASA Oceanography Program Outline 1) Coupled 3-D Bio-physical Model
Climate Variability Studies in the Ocean
Climate Variability Studies in the Ocean Topic 1. Long-term variations of vertical profiles of nutrients in the western North Pacific Topic 2. Biogeochemical processes related to ocean carbon cycling:
Early diagenesis in marine sediments
Early diagenesis in marine sediments Why study this part of the ocean? Particle flux to the sea floor ocean surface sediments early diagenesis layer Biogeochemical reactions Why study this part of the
The North Atlantic Bloom: Species composition and vertical fluxes
The North Atlantic Bloom: Species composition and vertical fluxes T. Rynearson Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island North Atlantic-Arctic ecocsystems Develop a process-based understanding
Annual net community production and the biological carbon flux in the ocean
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 28, 1 12, doi:10.1002/2013gb004680, 2014 Annual net community production and the biological carbon flux in the ocean Steven Emerson 1 Received 28 June 2013; revised 6
On the treatment of particulate organic matter sinking in large-scale models of marine biogeochemical cycles
Biogeosciences, 5, 55 72, 2008 Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Biogeosciences On the treatment of particulate organic matter sinking in large-scale
Sediment trap time series from the North Pacific
Sediment trap time series from the North Pacific Ocean David Timothy data analyses/ presentation CS Wong Program organiser Frank Whitney lab and sampling logistics Janet Barwell-Clarke John Page Linda
PUBLICATIONS. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Annual net community production and the biological carbon flux in the ocean
PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH ARTICLE Key Points: Oxygen and DIC mass balance give similar ANCP values at time series sites Particulate and DOC fluxes play variable roles in marine carbon export Satellite algorithms
Benthic nepheloid layer dynamics and potential role in carbon cycling on continental margins
Benthic nepheloid layer dynamics and potential role in carbon cycling on continental margins Cindy Pilskaln University of Massachusetts School for Marine Science and Technology New Bedford, MA Ocean Carbon
OCN/ATM/ESS 587. Ocean circulation, dynamics and thermodynamics.
OCN/ATM/ESS 587 Ocean circulation, dynamics and thermodynamics. Equation of state for seawater General T/S properties of the upper ocean Heat balance of the upper ocean Upper ocean circulation Deep circulation
Sinking rates and ballast composition of particles in the Atlantic Ocean: implications for the organic carbon fluxes to the deep ocean
Biogeosciences, 6, 85 12, 29 www.biogeosciences.net/6/85/29/ Author(s) 29. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3. License. Biogeosciences Sinking rates and ballast composition
Investigating the contribution of allochthonous subsidies to kelp forests in central California
Investigating the contribution of allochthonous subsidies to kelp forests in central California melissa m foley UCSC Institute of Marine Science and Center for Ocean Solutions system connectivity rivers
Liverpool NEMO Shelf Arctic Ocean modelling
St. Andrews 22 July 2013 ROAM @ Liverpool NEMO Shelf Arctic Ocean modelling Maria Luneva, Jason Holt, Sarah Wakelin NEMO shelf Arctic Ocean model About 50% of the Arctic is shelf sea (
SCOPE 57 Particle Flux in the Ocean
SCOPE 57 Particle Flux in the Ocean Edited by VENUGOPALAN ITTEKKOT PETRA SCHAFER SCOPEIUNEP International Carbon Unit Universitat Hamburg, Germany SUSUMU HON JO Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods
UNDERWATER VISION PROFILER- A SENSOR FOR DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF PARTICLES (> 100 µm) AND LARGE PLANKTON DISTRIBUTION
UNDERWATER VISION PROFILER- A SENSOR FOR DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF PARTICLES (> 100 µm) AND LARGE PLANKTON DISTRIBUTION Picheral, Marc 1, Stemmann, Lars 2, Guidi, Lionel 3, Karl, Dave 3, Waite, Anya 4, Legendre,
GAMINGRE 8/1/ of 7
FYE 09/30/92 JULY 92 0.00 254,550.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 254,550.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 254,550.00 AUG 10,616,710.31 5,299.95 845,656.83 84,565.68 61,084.86 23,480.82 339,734.73 135,893.89 67,946.95
1: JAMSTEC; 2: Tohoku University; 3: MWJ *Deceased. POC Paper Session PICES-2014 October 16-26, 2014, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
Western North Pacific Integrated Physical- Biogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment: Summary of the Intensive Observation around the Biogeochemical Mooring S1 (S1-INBOX) Toshio Suga 1,2, Ryuichiro Inoue
Productivity in a Changing Southern Ocean. Kevin R. Arrigo Stanford University
Productivity in a Changing Southern Ocean Kevin R. Arrigo Stanford University 1 Productivity in a Changing Southern Ocean A Paleo-perspective Satellite view of the Southern Ocean Role of ice and iron Controls
Lesson: Primary Production
Lesson: Primary Production By Keith Meldahl Corresponding to Chapter 14: Primary Producers Microscopic phytoplankton -- tiny single-celled plants that float at the ocean s surface, are the ultimate food
Life Cycle of Convective Systems over Western Colombia
Life Cycle of Convective Systems over Western Colombia Meiry Sakamoto Uiversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Colombia Life Cycle of Convective Systems over Western Colombia Convective System (CS)
Factors controlling the flux of organic carbon to the bathypelagic zone of the ocean
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 16, NO. 4, 1087, doi:10.1029/2001gb001722, 2002 Factors controlling the flux of organic carbon to the bathypelagic zone of the ocean Roger Francois, Susumu Honjo, Richard
Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Indian Ocean Dennis A. Hansell University of Miami
Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Indian Ocean Dennis A. Hansell University of Miami IIOE- 2 Theme 6: Unique Geological, Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecological Features of the Indian Ocean. GLODAP v2 (Key
Biogeochemical modelling and data assimilation: status in Australia
Biogeochemical modelling and data assimilation: status in Australia Richard Matear, Andrew Lenton, Matt Chamberlain, Mathieu Mongin, Emlyn Jones, Mark Baird www.cmar.csiro.au/staff/oke/ Biogeochemical
Acoustic monitoring finding new populations of the endangered blue whale
Acoustic monitoring finding new populations of the endangered blue whale Tracey Rogers, Gary Truong, Joy Tripovich, Naysa Balcazar Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Largest baleen whale Critically endangered
Porcupine/Celtic Observatory Atlantic Ocean
The Porcupine Seabight and Abyssal Plain area has been an important area for biogeochemical flux studies in the past but is also a very productive fisheries and oil-gas exploration area. It is a stable
Classifying Marine Organisms by how they get their carbon
Classification of Marine Life & Habitats OCN 201 Biology Lecture 3 1 Classifying Marine Organisms by how they get their carbon Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics Who: All plants, some protista, bacteria,
Chiang Rai Province CC Threat overview AAS1109 Mekong ARCC
Chiang Rai Province CC Threat overview AAS1109 Mekong ARCC This threat overview relies on projections of future climate change in the Mekong Basin for the period 2045-2069 compared to a baseline of 1980-2005.
OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography
OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapters 22 & 23 (much detail on subject) Note: You can skim the details on compound classes (22.4) Operational definitions! 1 POM 2 Organic compounds display
Average temperature ( F) World Climate Zones. very cold all year with permanent ice and snow. very cold winters, cold summers, and little rain or snow
P r e v i e w Look carefully at the climagraph of Mumbai, India. What is the wettest month (or months) in Mumbai? What is the driest month (or months) in Mumbai? What effects might this city s climate
The effects of iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean
The effects of iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean Ken O. Buesseler, John E. Andrews, Steven M. Pike and Matthew A. Charette Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
Phytoplankton. Zooplankton. Nutrients
Phytoplankton Zooplankton Nutrients Patterns of Productivity There is a large Spring Bloom in the North Atlantic (temperate latitudes remember the Gulf Stream!) What is a bloom? Analogy to terrestrial
Variability and trend of the heat balance in the southeast Indian Ocean
Variability and trend of the heat balance in the southeast Indian Ocean Ming Feng, CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research Arne Biastoch, Claus Böning, Leibniz-Institut für Meeresforschung Nick Caputi, Department
Physiography Ocean Provinces p. 1 Dimensions p. 1 Physiographic Provinces p. 2 Continental Margin Province p. 2 Deep-Ocean Basin Province p.
Physiography Ocean Provinces p. 1 Dimensions p. 1 Physiographic Provinces p. 2 Continental Margin Province p. 2 Deep-Ocean Basin Province p. 2 Mid-Ocean Ridge Province p. 3 Benthic and Pelagic Provinces
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education
www.xtremepapers.com UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *2678444144* ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 0680/02 Paper 2 May/June 2008 1 hour
Population dynamics model of Copepoda (Neocalanus cristatus) in the northwestern subarctic Pacific
Population dynamics model of Copepoda (Neocalanus cristatus) in the northwestern subarctic Pacific Zooplankton production symposium S1-3319 3, May, 27, Hiroshima Michio J. Kishi 1)2) and Takeshi Terui
The role of sub-antarctic mode water in global biological production. Jorge Sarmiento
The role of sub-antarctic mode water in global biological production Jorge Sarmiento Original motivation Sediment traps suggest that ~one-third of the particulate organic matter flux at 200 m continues
What we know from VERTIGO VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean
What we know from VERTIGO VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean What controls the efficiency of particle transport between the surface and deep ocean? Geochemistry (particle characteristics), Biology
Characteristics of the Deep- Sea environment II. Malcolm Clark
Characteristics of the Deep- Sea environment II Malcolm Clark 4 th Regional Training Workshop, Environmental Perspectives of Deep Sea Mineral Activities, Nadi, Fiji. December 2013 Bathyal and Abyssal regions-the
Term paper topics, due February 8
Term paper topics, due February 8 ODV mini-projects, due March 13 (10% final grade) Individuals or teams of two Using any available datasets, put together a ~7-10 minute talk to present in class on March
Chapter 7 Benthic deep-sea carbonates: reefs and seeps
Chapter 7 Benthic deep-sea carbonates: reefs and seeps Carbonates are formed across most latitudes and they are not restricted to shallow water but are also found in all but the deepest abyssal and hadal
E-FLUX: An Investigation of Eddy Dynamics in the Lee of Hawaii. OCN 621: Biological Oceanography Bob Bidigare
E-FLUX: An Investigation of Eddy Dynamics in the Lee of Hawaii OCN 621: Biological Oceanography Bob Bidigare 17 February 2006 Isolated Vortices Isolated vortices (IVs) are formed via numerous processes
Supplementary Figure 1. Observed Aragonite saturation variability and its drivers.
Supplementary Figure 1. Observed Aragonite saturation variability and its drivers. Mean shift in aragonite saturation state from open ocean values, ΔΩ ocean-reef (left), due to freshwater fluxes, ΔΩ fresh
Atmospheric Evolution: Earth s s Oxidation
Earth s s Atmosphere Thematic Questions about the Atmosphere Observations of the Modern Atmosphere What is its structure and composition? What controls atmospheric dynamics? Information from the Rock Record
University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research. Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Wilson, J., Barker, S., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2012). Assessment of the spatial variability in particulate organic matter and mineral sinking fluxes in the ocean interior: Implications for the ballast hypothesis.
Cross-shore exchange processes, and their effect on zooplankton biomass and community composition patterns in the Northeast Pacific
Cross-shore exchange processes, and their effect on zooplankton biomass and community composition patterns in the Northeast Pacific D.L. Mackas Fisheries & Oceans Canada Institute of Ocean Sciences K.O.
Accumulation of mineral ballast on organic aggregates
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 20,, doi:10.1029/2005gb002579, 2006 Accumulation of mineral ballast on organic aggregates Uta Passow 1 and Christina L. De La Rocha 1 Received 24 June 2005; revised 11
Organic Compounds in Sea Water
Organic Compounds in Sea Water OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapters 22 & 23 (much detail on subject) Note: You can skim the details on compound classes (22.4) Operational definitions!
Respiration patterns in the deep ocean Andersson, J.H.; Wysman, J.W.M.; Herman, P.M.J.; Middelburg, J.J; Soetaert, K; Heip, C.H.R.
University of Groningen Respiration patterns in the deep ocean Andersson, J.H.; Wysman, J.W.M.; Herman, P.M.J.; Middelburg, J.J; Soetaert, K; Heip, C.H.R. Published in: Geophysical research letters DOI:
Group Proposal: VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) PROJECT SUMMARY
Group Proposal: VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) PROJECT SUMMARY We propose to address the question: What controls the efficiency of particle transport between the surface and deep ocean?
Deep-Sea Life. OCN 201 Biology Lecture 12. BBC Blue Planet
Deep-Sea Life OCN 201 Biology Lecture 12 BBC Blue Planet The Pelagic Divisions (By Light) EUPHOTIC DISPHOTIC Good Light Twilight Photosynthesis! 20 to 100 m APHOTIC No Light about 600 m Photosynthesis
Physical Features of Monsoon Asia. 192 Unit 7 Teachers Curriculum Institute 60 N 130 E 140 E 150 E 60 E 50 N 160 E 40 N 30 N 150 E.
50 N 60 E 70 E 80 E 90 E 100 E 60 N 110 E 120 E 130 E 140 E 150 E 50 N 160 E 40 N 40 N 30 N 60 E 30 N 150 E Tropic of Cancer 20 N Tropic of Cancer 20 N 10 N 10 N 0 Equator 0 Equator 10 S 10 S 0 500 1,000
Carbon and Nutrient Cycles on Continental Shelves - Current Advances and Thoughts for Future Research
Carbon and Nutrient Cycles on Continental Shelves - Current Advances and Thoughts for Future Research 1. Brief summary of N-based productivity measures. 2. Thoughts for future studies of the ocean margin
for CESM Jessica Luo, Matthew Long, Keith Lindsay, Mike Levy NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics OMWG / BGC Working Group Meeting, Jan 12, 2018
Constructing a sizestructured plankton model for CESM Jessica Luo, Matthew Long, Keith Lindsay, Mike Levy NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics OMWG / BGC Working Group Meeting, Jan 12, 2018 Challenge: predicting
Long-term Change of Ocean Productivity: A case study in the Bay of Bengal
Long-term Change of Ocean Productivity: A case study in the Bay of Bengal The 3 rd Asian /12 th Korean-Japan Workshop on Ocean Color Dr.Md.Latifur Rahman Sarker, UTM, Malaysia & RU, Bangladesh & Noor Saadah
Tracking El Niño using optical indices of phytoplankton dynamics in the equatorial Pacific
Abstract Tracking El Niño using optical indices of phytoplankton dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Joel Craig 1, Pete Strutton 2, Wiley Evans 2 1. College of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute
Problem Set #4 ANSWER KEY Fall 2009 Due: 9:30, Monday, Nov 30
OCN 520 Problem Set #4 ANSWER KEY Fall 2009 Due: 9:30, Monday, Nov 30 1. Two-Box Ocean Model The B Flux Using a 2 box model like the one you have worked on in problem set #4 (question 1) assume the following
Changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton production in the Nordic and the Arctic Seas under a warmer climatic regime.
Changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton production in the Nordic and the Arctic Seas under a warmer climatic regime. Dag Slagstad, Ingrid Ellingsen and Morten Alver, Trondheim, Norway 2 nd ESSAS Open
I France. JGOFS studies in the equatorial Pacific. JAMES w. MURRAY*, ROBERT- LE BORGNE'^, YVES DANDONNEAUX
Pergamon Deep-sea Research, Vol. 44. No. 9-10, pp. 1759-1763. 1997 0 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain P: S0%7-0645(97)00087-8 0967-0645/98 919.00+0.00 JGOFS studies
Today s Lecture: Land, biosphere, cryosphere (All that stuff we don t have equations for... )
Today s Lecture: Land, biosphere, cryosphere (All that stuff we don t have equations for... ) 4 Land, biosphere, cryosphere 1. Introduction 2. Atmosphere 3. Ocean 4. Land, biosphere, cryosphere 4.1 Land
Infochemical mediation of the degradation of sinking particulate organic matter.
Infochemical mediation of the degradation of sinking particulate organic matter. Benjamin Van Mooy Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Acknowledgements:
Global phosphorus cycle
Global phosphorus cycle OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 11 April 2013 2013 Arisa Okazaki and Kathleen Ruttenberg Outline 1. Introduction on global phosphorus (P) cycle 2. Terrestrial environment 3. Atmospheric
A Broecker Brief Origin of the Atlantic s glacial age lower deep water
A Broecker Brief Origin of the Atlantic s glacial age lower deep water Today s deep Atlantic shows no hint of nutrient stratification (see Figure 1). By contrast, during the last glacial maximum (LGM),
Part 1. Ocean Composition & Circulation
OCN 401 Biogeochemical Systems (10.19.17) (Schlesinger: Chapter 9) Part 1. Ocean Composition & Circulation 1. Introduction Lecture Outline 2. Ocean Circulation a) Global Patterns in T, S, ρ b) Thermohaline
CATCHMENT DESCRIPTION. Little River Catchment Management Plan Stage I Report Climate 4.0
CATCHMENT DESCRIPTION Little River Catchment Management Plan Stage I Report Climate 4. Little River Catchment Management Plan Stage I Report Climate 4.1 4. CLIMATE 4.1 INTRODUCTION Climate is one of the
Potential of profiling floats to enhance NASA s mission
Potential of profiling floats to enhance NASA s mission Emmanuel Boss University of Maine Outline: What are profiling floats? Studies to date involving optics and profiling floats. Apex float 5. Collaborators:
Ocean Sciences 101 The Marine Environment OCEA 101 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT MID-TERM EXAM
OCEA 101 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT MID-TERM EXAM Part I. Multiple Choice Questions. Choose the one best answer from the list, and write the letter legibly in the blank to the left of the question. 2 points
Term paper topics, due February 9
Term paper topics, due February 9 ODV mini-projects, due March 14 (10% final grade) Individuals or teams of two Using any available datasets, put together a ~7-10 minute talk to present in class on March
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 21, GB1024, doi: /2006gb002803, 2007
Click Here for Full Article GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 21,, doi:10.1029/2006gb002803, 2007 Relating estimates of CaCO 3 production, export, and dissolution in the water column to measurements of
Changes in spatial distribution of chub mackerel under climate change: the case study using Japanese purse seine fisheries data in the East China Sea
Changes in spatial distribution of chub mackerel under climate change: the case study using Japanese purse seine fisheries data in the East China Sea Tohya Yasuda, Ryuji Yukami, Seiji Ohshimo Seikai National
Global Ocean Monitoring: Recent Evolution, Current Status, and Predictions
Global Ocean Monitoring: Recent Evolution, Current Status, and Predictions Prepared by Climate Prediction Center, NCEP November 6, 2009 http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/godas/ This project to deliver
PICES XIV (2005) in Vladivostok
PICES XIV (2005) in Vladivostok Present and future of the North Pacific simulated by a high resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean model Hiroyasu HASUMI (CCSR) Tatsuo SUZUKI (FRCGC) Takashi SAKAMOTO (FRCGC)