Trenton-Black River (TBR) hydrothermal dolomite (HTD) reservoir model

Transcription

1 The Ontario phase of the Trenton-Black River (TBR) hydrothermal dolomite (HTD) play: Historical context and contributions to a modern exploration model Terry Carter, Ministry of Natural Resources, London, ON Bob Trevail, Dallas-Morris Drilling, PA Lee Fortner, Ministry of Natural Resources, London, ON AAPG Eastern Section annual meeting, Pittsburg, USA, Oct.14, 2008

2 - Dolomitization of regional Trenton and/or Black River regional limestones associated with faults and fractures -Sag at top of Trenton over the dolomitized zone -Oil and gas reservoirs in the porous dolomite -Narrow, linear reservoirs -Utica shale cap rock, lateral seal by impermeable limestone Trenton-Black River (TBR) hydrothermal dolomite (HTD) reservoir model

3 Regional Structures and Bedrock Geology { 46 Lake Huron Frontenac Arch Michigan Basin Arch Findlay Chatham Sag Algonquin Arch Lake Erie km Lake Ontario Appalachian Basin BEDROCK GEOLOGY Upper Devonian Middle Devonian Lower Devonian Upper Silurian Middle and Lower Silurian Upper Ordovician Middle Ordovician Precambrian 44 42

4 Ontario Stratigraphy Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite

5 Ordovician Stratigraphy - Ontario Blue Mountain (Utica) (Utica) Upper Ordovician Sherman Fall (Trenton) Gull River (Black River)

6 Black River Isopach (metres) Bailey & Cochrane, 1984

7 Trenton Isopach (metres) Bailey & Cochrane, 1984

8 Trenton Kirkfield Formation) Top of Gull River Black River Deicke K-bentonite Coboconk Formation Brechin Quarry Photo courtesy Derek Armstrong, OGS

9 Regional play long history at least 1863 Geographic focal point of exploration has varied over time Still very active play Trenton-Black River HTD Play Regional Setting Albion- Scipio Lima-Indiana Ontario New York Quebe c, Nfld W Virginia

10 1863: oil and gas shows reported in wells drilled on Manitoulin Island, ON Late 1800 s/early 1900 s: several gas fields discovered in New York State reported to produce from the Trenton-Black River (Drazan, 1989) Exploration History: Pre-1900 Manitoulin Is 1884: first gas production from Trenton Group in Ohio near town of Findlay (Wickstrom et al. 1992) 1885: Oil discovered at Lima resulting in drilling boom that resulted in development of Lima- Indiana trend Lima- Indiana New York

11 Early Exploration Play Concepts Orton (1888, 1889) was first to note the Bowling Green Fault Zone (Wickstrom et al., 1992) called it Findlay Break associated it with increased production noted relationship of productive areas to high concentrations of magnesium carbonate suggested that porosity was result of dolomitization Manitoulin Is New York Bownocker (1903) was first to state explicitly that traps within Trenton might be result of textural change within the rock in addition to structure Lima- Indiana

12 Exploration History: early 1900 s 1900 s continuing development of Lima- Indiana 1900 Hepworth first production of natural gas from Trenton-Black River in Ontario Dover gas pool discovered by Union Gas Company of Canada 1920 Deerfield discovery well in MI Deerfield Lima- Indiana Hepworth Dover

13 Exploration History: mid-1900 s 1954 Acton gas pool discovered in Ontario Scipio oil field discovery MI 1958 Albion oil field discovery 12 miles northwest of Scipio Colchester, Malden, Gosfield ON Acton Albion-Scipio Colchester etc

14 Exploration History: Ontario Phase Feb Dover 7-5-V E Pool discovered 1.5 km north of Dover Pool in Ontario Nov Hillman Pool discovered by Consumers Gas in Ontario 1984 Stoney Point oil pool discovery in MI Stoney Point Ontario New York 1985 first modern discovery in New York no development until 1995 W Virginia 1999 Cottontree gas field discovery in West Virginia

15 Exploration History: post-2000 Exploration throughout Appalachia Quebec, Newfoundland Discoveries in Quebec and Newfoundland Prolific gas pool discoveries in New York Albion- Scipio Ontario New York Declining activity in Ontario Lima- Indiana W Virginia

16 Ontario TBR Pools

17 Historical Exploration Phase (Pre 1983) 17 pools Williams (1918) recognized structural low on top of Trenton as early as 1917 Linear/fault association first recognized in Ontario in 1935 in the Dover gas pool Exploration success constrained by lack of modern exploration model and lack of reliable exploration method

18 Early Models Burgess (1960) Sanford (1961)

19 Exploration Methods I guess we ll drill here! AAPG, 2001 Serendipity (Dover +) Psychic (Albion-Scipio) John Armentrout, 2000 Surface Geochemical Seismic

20 1976 Seismic Gosfield South Pool Trenton

21 Year of Discoveries Dover 7-5-V East Hillman Rowe/Ram #1 Dover 7-5-V E Northeast Oil Reporter, 1984 Consumers et al Mersea 1-15-B

22 Modern Exploration Phase ( ) 1983/ Dover 7-5-V 7 V East and Hillman (Ontario) and Stoney Point (Michigan) discoveries TBR becomes most active and successful play in Ontario initially with several local operators but eventually dominated by Talisman Energy During this phase, 39 pools discovered representing 93% of oil reserves and 62% of gas in the play seismic emerges as indispensable exploration method to identify exploration targets 1985 fracture framework mapping first horizontal TBR well in Ontario First 3D seismic survey mid 1990 s not widely used Talisman Energy (Fortuna) expands operations to New York State

23 Fracture Framework Model association with TBR hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs

24 Ontario Seismic Line 90-BSR BSR-02 Romney 6-13-IV Romney 3-13-III Romney 6-13-III Dundee Rochester Trenton Black River Precambrian

25 Oil Pool Discovery History 11 pools 2.6 MMbo pools 20.9 MMbo

26 Gas Pool Discovery History pools 16 bcf 18 pools 25 bcf

27 Exploration Methods Horizontal Drilling First TBR horizontal well drilled Aug.1, 1993: Ram Talisman #2 Horiz #1 Mersea 8-16-VIII 114 horizontal wells drilled in TBR play in Ontario Longest horizontal 5000 m measured depth at true vertical depth of 857 m 20 horizontal wells drilled beneath Lake Erie to access offshore extensions of TBR pools

28 Horizontal Wells: Lake Erie

29 Trenton-Black River Pools Dover 7-5-V E Dover gas pool Rochester pools Wigle-Olinda Renwick-Fargo Goldsmith-Lakeshore Hillman

30 -10 to 20 m. depression -400 to 1200 m. width -14 km long -production from Trenton -Largest TBR oil pool 6 mmbo

31 - Oil in Black River, gas in Trenton

32 Sherman Fall Fm Telesis Mersea NTR metres ultraviolet light

33 Consumers Romney 5-8-II5 Top Bottom

34 Core 908-OGSR Library Dolomitization Saddle dolomite Core 907-OGSR Library Core 908-OGSR Library fractures Dolomitized grainstone

35 Breccia Consumers Black River Gp. Hillman Pool

36 Intercrystalline Porosity Consumers 33821

37 Resource Assessment of Trenton-Black River Play in Ontario 2005 Geological play analysis & resource assessment of TBR oil and gas play in Ontario Funded by Natural Resources Canada under the Targeted Geoscience Initiative Terry Carter, Ministry of Natural Resources Sean McFarland, Golder Associates Bob Trevail, Dallas-Morris Drilling Phil Walsh, Joe Gorman, Energy Objective

38 Study Outcomes Pool maps Monthly production by pool and well Reserve estimates Reservoir parameters Undiscovered resources Published by Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Library, London, ON,

39 Pool Maps: Goldsmith-Lakeshore Trenton Structure CI = 5 m 0 2,000 metres EUR: 6.1 MMbbls & 4 BCF Trevail and Carter, 2005

40 Pool Summary Sheets Hillman

41 Recoverable Oil Per Well 1,000,000 Estimated Recoverable Reserves (bbls) 100,000 10,000 n = 195 µ = Variance = 1.00 Mean = 70, Mode = 26, P10 = 19, P50 = 70, P90 = 255, Data truncated to those values greater than 6,000 bbls Actual Recoverable Reserves Best Fit Recoverable Reserves 1, Cumulative Probability (%)

42 Reservoir Parameters Porosity average 6 8% range 1 30% Permeability average n.d. Range.01 10,000 md Pay thickness average m. max 58 m. Initial Pressure kpa Oil API Reservoir Area up to 900 ha Reservoir Dimensions up to 1200 m. width x 14 km length Annual Decline 15 20% Spacing 20.2 ha Average Depth 800 m. Oil Reserves/well 70,000 bbl Gas Reserves/well 300 mmcf (unassociated)

43 Oil Reserves by Pool Pool Name Goldsmith- Lakeshore Renwick-Fargo Wigle-Olinda Hillman Rochester 1-17-II EBR Dover 7-5-V E 36 0thers Rec. Reserves 6.1 million bbl 3.85 million bbl 3.4 million bbl 2.5 million bbl 1.7 million bbl 1.3 million bbl 3.6 million bbl Cum. Production 5.4 million bbl 3.3 million bbl 2.5 million 2.3 million 1.5 million 1.2 million 3.2 million bbl Total 22.5 million bbl 19.5 million

44 Gas Reserves by Pool Pool Name Dover Dover 7-5-V E Goldsmith- Lakeshore Wigle-Olinda Renwick-Fargo Rochester 1-17-II EBR 21 0thers Rec. Reserves 13.6 bcf 9.7 bcf 4.0 bcf 2.3 bcf 1.9 bcf 1.8 bcf 7.6 bcf Cum. Production 13.6 bcf 8.6 bcf 3.3 bcf 1.5 bcf 1.4 bcf 1.45 bcf 5.2 bcf Total 41 bcf 35 bcf

45 Potential Oil Resources 39.7 MMbo total 43% undiscovered 39.7 mmbo 17.2 mmbo 22.5 mmbo

46 Potential Gas Resources 281 bcf total 85% undiscovered Largest pool undiscovered 281 bcf 240 bcf 41 bcf

47 Summary Regional play dating back to at least 1863 Evolution in exploration methods and exploration models Ontario phase refinement of seismic horizontal drilling export of expertise to New York Continued refinement of exploration model and methods Considerable remaining potential More information:

48 Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Library The Library is a public resource centre for study of subsurface geology and oil, gas, salt and underground hydrocarbon storage resources of Ontario Source of exploration and production data for Ontario 27,000 well files, 4,000 geophysical logs, cuttings for 13,000 wells, core for 1,000 wells, digital well database and GIS data