Pros and Cons against Reasonable Development of Unconventional Energy Resources

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1 Pros and Cons against Reasonable Development of Unconventional Energy Resources Associate Professor Shteryo LYOMOV, Ph.D.

2 Presentation outline Energy resources; Conventional and Unconventional energy resources; Drill rig and well; Well construction stages; Features in UER exploration and production; Pros and Cons vs. Reasonable resource development; The challenges Bulgaria faces in UER development; Conclusions.

3 Energy resources World UER reserves - prospects; Main areas of interests ; Bulgarian prospects.

4 Conventional hydrocarbon resources Seal (Tight impermeable rock layer, which overlies a reservoir rock preventing hydrocarbons escaping) Argillites; Siltstones; Mudstones; Salt. Pay zone (Permeable rocks in which hydrocarbons are found) Sandstone; Carbonates; Dolomites. Drive mechanisms (The energy that moves the oil & gas from the reservoir rocks to the production well) Aquifer drive Gas cap drive Solution gas drive Water and gas injection. Aquifer Underground zone of permeable rock saturated with water under pressure Restricts the flow of hydrocarbons out of the structure.

5 Unconventional hydrocarbon resources Seal Pay zone Shales organic rich argillaceous rocks Drive mechanisms (The energy result from gas desorption) Physical and chemical. Aquifer

6 Reservoir rocks Sandstone Carbonates Clays

7 Gas producing shales shales, argillites, siltstones, and mudstones (Argillaceous rocks rich in kerogens)

8 Reservoir rock classification

9 Drilling rig and well

10 Well construction stages Planning; Drilling; Well Completion; Production; Abandonment.

11 Well construction Drilling

12 Well construction Casing the well

13 Well construction Casing cementing

14 Well construction Well logging

15 Well completion Casing perforation

16 Production Formation fluid inflow

17 Production Surface treatment at the well site

18 Features in UER exploration and production 1. Maximizing the drainage zone horizontal wells. Types of wells; Drilling for UER; QC in well construction. 2. Gas evolution and transport in the shales hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing technology; Massive multi-stage hydraulic fracturing ; Fluids used in HF process; QC in hydraulic fracturing.

19 Type of wells

20 Hydraulic fracturing

21 Hydraulic fracturing

22 Hydraulic fracturing

23 Hydraulic fracturing

24 Fluids used in HF process

25 Hydraulic fracturing quality control

26 Hydraulic fracturing quality control

27 Pros and Cons vs. Reasonable resource development 1. Is Bulgaria ready to allow shale gas exploration and production? 2. What should be done? Moratorium; Current status analysis; Legislation update according technology development ( EU energy quality directive"); Establishing a government institution to file geology information and control resources development.

28 The challenges Bulgaria faces in UER development 1. National assembly temporarily commission; 2. Expert groups to the NATC (petroleum, mining, ground water and construction); 3. Recommendations and advices for Good practices ; 4. National strategy for energy sector.

29 Conclusions 1. Importance of the UER for country energy policy; 2. Development of the technologies for exploration and production of UER; 3. UER future in national and global scale.

30 Thank you for your attention

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