Evidence Linking Surface Lineaments, Deep-Seated Faults and Fracture-Controlled Fluid Movement in the Williston Basin

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1 Evidence Linking Surface Lineaments, Deep-Seated Faults and Fracture-Controlled Fluid Movement in the Williston Basin Lynden Penner J.D. Mollard and Associates Limited Regina, SK Canada 14 th Williston Basin Petroleum Conference & Prospect Expo May 7-9, 2006, Minot ND

2 Outline Introduction Northern Williston Basin Regional Lineament Study Light hydrocarbon soil gas migration Groundwater movement Conclusions Acknowledgements

3 Introduction Airphoto lineaments Regional topographic lineaments

4 Introduction Fracture zone in Ordovician dolomite, Northwest Territories

5 Introduction

6 Introduction Rodinia Reconstruction ~0.8Ga

7 Outline Introduction Northern Williston Basin Regional Lineament Study Light hydrocarbon soil gas migration Groundwater movement Conclusions Acknowledgements

8 Northern Williston Basin Regional Lineament Study Regina Weyburn Phase 1 CO 2 EOR Area 1500 m 3200 m

9 Shaded-Relief Map of the Study Area Saskatoon Cypress Hills Swift Current Lineament Missouri Coteau Swift Current Platform Study Area Brockton-Froid Fault Zone

10 Dominant lineament trends (N=8,618) Lineaments and Lineament Zones in the Study Area

11 Lineament and joint orientations Joints in drift and bedrock outcrop (N=7320) Stauffer and Gendzwill (1987) Airphoto and satellite lineaments (N=13,122) Weyburn field reservoir fractures (N=88) (Bunge 2000) Michigan Basin (Holst, 1982)

12 Snake River Plain Idaho Maximum horizontal crustal stress direction in Western Canada <10 Ma (Edmunds et al., 1994) Ma (from Alt and Hyndman, 1995)

13 Horizontal separation between faults and lineament zones 80% within 2000m 2000 m 47% within 500m Length of section = 37.1 km 2000 m

14 Aeromagnetic Data (Gedco) 120 km Precambrian and Deadwood Wells ~7km 200 km East-west magnetic depth solutions profile

15 Fault Detection Using Aeromagnetic, Seismic and Surface Data 85 km 50 km

16 Missouri Coteau Escarpment Canada Canada USA USA

17 Structure Associated with the Missouri Coteau Escarpment Missouri Coteau Escarpment Missouri Coteau Escarpment cby-7w L=48 km cbs-8 L=68 km

18 Regional Isopach Trends Associated with the Missouri Coteau Escarpment Winnipegosis Fm Isopach (Devonian; Depth ~2,300m) Lea Park Fm Isopach (Upper Cretaceous; Depth ~480m)

19 Brockton-Froid Fault Zone Canada USA

20 Brockton-Froid Fault Zone Digital Elevation Model LandSat Image

21 Brockton-Froid Fault Zone Seismic Section Strike-slip structure along extension of Brockton-Froid fault zone (Sule 2003)

22 Regional Isopach Trends Associated with the Brockton-Froid Fault Zone Winnipegosis Fm Isopach (Devonian; Depth ~2,300m) Lea Park Fm Isopach (Upper Cretaceous; Depth ~480m)

23 Outline Introduction Northern Williston Basin Regional Lineament Study Light hydrocarbon soil gas migration Groundwater movement Conclusions Acknowledgements

24 Light Hydrocarbon Soil Gas Migration

25 SW Saskatchewan High Light Hydrocarbon Magnitudes Detected On Surface Lineaments SE Saskatchewan

26 Outline Introduction Northern Williston Basin Regional Lineament Study Light hydrocarbon soil gas migration Groundwater movement Conclusions Acknowledgements

27 Groundwater Exploration Sec W4 100m Saline groundwater discharge along an airphoto lineament SE Alberta

28 Conclusions Our studies demonstrate a multi-spatial and multi-temporal link between lineaments, faults and fracture-controlled fluid movement 1. Small-scale lineaments reflect regional systematic joints (open-mode fractures) that influence active gas and groundwater migration. 2. Intermediate-scale lineaments reflect deeper structures within the sedimentary rock column that may be associated fluid movement within specific formations (e.g., salt dissolution, fracture permeability in reservoirs) 3. Large-scale lineaments reflect long-lived (ancient and reactivated) basement structures and may be associated with ancient slow-moving subsurface fluid flow systems.

29 Acknowledgements Weyburn CO 2 Monitoring Project Saskatchewan Industry and Resources University of Saskatchewan, Geophysics Dept. Gedco Geophysical Exploration & Development Corp.

30 Thank-you