Earth Science Chapter 5 Section 1 Review
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1 Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 5 Section 1 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock s chemical composition is called. a. differential weathering c. mechanical weathering b. chemical weathering d. erosion. Which of the following weathering processes involves the constant freezing and thawing of water? a. unloading c. exfoliation b. frost wedging d. spheroidal weathering 3. Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering? a. frost wedging c. biological activity b. unloading d. reactions with oxygen 4. Which of the following is NOT related to chemical weathering? a. frost wedging c. reactions with oxygen b. dissolution d. reactions with water 5. The gradual rounding of the corners and edges of angular blocks of rock is called. a. exfoliation c. spheroidal weathering b. unloading d. mechanical weathering 6. Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering? a. a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds b. a rock that has been broken into tiny pieces c. a rock that has been split in two d. a rock that has lost its outer layers 7. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of weathering in rocks? a. biological evolution b. climate c. rock characteristics d. amount of exposed surface area 8. Which of these factors affects the rate of weathering? a. climate b. chemical composition of the exposed rock c. surface area of the exposed rock d. all of the above 9. Rock features such as the sculpted pinnacles seen in Bryce Canyon National Park are the result of. a. exfoliation c. unloading b. differential weathering d. frost wedging
2 Name: Completion Complete each statement. 10. The process called _ involves physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces. 11. In the process of, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks. 1. The process called occurs when large masses of igneous rock, particularly granite, begin to break loose like the layers of an onion. 13. The process that changes rock into one or more new compounds is called. 14. The most important agent of chemical weathering is. 15. The factors that affect the rate of weathering are, climate, and the amount of surface area of exposed rock. Short Answer: ON THE TEST, you will have to complete TWO SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS from ALL of the short answer questions that appear in the chapter. 16. What are the three processes that break rocks into smaller pieces during mechanical weathering? 17. List three factors that affect the rate of weathering.
3 Name: Essay: ON THE TEST, you will have to complete ONE ESSAY QUESTION from ALL of the essay questions that appear in the chapter. 18. Explain how mechanical weathering can affect the rate of chemical weathering. Give an example. 3
4 Earth Science Chapter 5 Section 1 Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: C. ANS: B 3. ANS: D 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 5.3 COMPLETION 10. ANS: mechanical weathering 11. ANS: frost wedging 1. ANS: exfoliation 13. ANS: chemical weathering PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: water PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: ANS: rock characteristics PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 5.3 SHORT ANSWER 16. ANS: frost wedging, unloading or exfoliation, and biological activity 1
5 17. ANS: the amount of surface area of exposed rock, rock characteristics, and climate PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 5.3 ESSAY 18. ANS: Mechanical weathering breaks up rock into smaller pieces, exposing more surface area of the rock and making it easier for chemical weathering to occur. A rock that is broken up into pieces has more areas exposed to chemical weathering agents, while a rock that remains in one piece has fewer exposed surface areas and will weather more slowly. Biological activity, such as the growing of plant roots, breaks up rocks. Also, the roots may form organic acids as they decompose, causing an increase in chemical weathering. Breaking up the rock allows water to get down into the rock, causing more chemical weathering. PTS: 1 DIF: L OBJ: 5.1
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