Unit 3 Rocks, Minerals, Soil Twitter Review Questions
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1 Unit 3 Rocks, Minerals, Soil Twitter Review Questions U3-1: Which type of rock is most representative of a slow cooling process of molten material? (Be specific) - Answer: Intrusive Igneous Rock U3-2: What is true of the mineral/crystal size of igneous rocks that have cooled rapidly? Explain why this is true? - Answer: Very small; Not enough time to develop the crystals U3-3: Identify the five (5) important characteristics that make up a mineral. - Answer: Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, specific chemical composition, and definite crystalline structure U3-4: What is the underlying similarity/connection between rocks and minerals? - Answer: All rocks are made up of minerals U3-5: Describe the process that causes the cracks/crevices in rocks to widen during frost wedging. - Answer: Repetitive freezing (expansion) and thawing of water in the crevices U3-6: Alternate freezing and thawing of soil often leads to which type of mass movement? - Answer: Creep U3-7: Identify two (2) sites that are expected to have the most rapid erosion rates? - Answer: Construction sites & Agricultural farm lands U3-8: Identify the five (5) factors that influence the rate of soil erosion. - Answer: Slope;Steepness/Vegetation/Time/Parent Material/Climate U3-9: A soil s texture is most directly tied to its : - Answer: Particle Size U3-10: How are rocks classified? - Answer: How it is formed
2 U3-11: How are minerals classified? (This question is not asking for the different mineral ID tests) - Answer: By its chemical composition U3-12: Identify one human activity that will lead to an increase in soil erosion. - Answer: Logging ; Clearing land for construction ; Plowing land for farming U3-13: What is the main purpose of vegetation and roots to soil? - Answer: Roots of vegetation bind the soil and regolith together U3-14: NEED TO KNOW: Correct order of soil profile horizons (Ex: Horizon A,O,R, etc) - Answer: Soil profile horizons U3-15: What is the relationship between topography AND vegetation to the rate of soil erosion? - Answer: Steep land with no vegetation will lead to greatest soil erosion U3-16: What is the difference between an intrusive and extrusive igneous rock? - Answer: Intrusive Molten magma hardens beneath Earth s surface ; Extrusive Molten magma hardens above Earth s surface U3-17: What erosive agent (force) is most responsible for erosion in desert areas? - Answer: Wind U3-18: What erosive agent (force) is most responsible for erosion in mountain areas? - Answer: Gravity U3-19: What factor has the greatest effect/influence on soil formation? - Answer: Climate U3-20: NEED TO KNOW: Specific examples of each of the three types of rocks. - Answer: Igneous Granite & Obsidian / Sedimentary Sandstone & Conglomerate / Metamorphic Gneiss & Quartzite
3 U3-21: What is the difference between mechanical (physical) weathering and chemical weathering? - Answer: Mechanical weathering breaks down rock WITHOUT changing its chemical composition, whereas chemical weathering breaks down rock by changing its chemical identity. U3-22: During which season would you expect erosion to pose the greatest threat and why? - Answer: Wet Spring before vegetative growth U3-23: Mass movements always lead to landslides. Is this statement true or false and explain why. falls. - Answer: False Some mass movements may lead to flows, creeps, slumps, and U3-24: What is true about the water holding capacity of both sand and clay? - Answer: Sand Low/Poor ; Clay - High U3-25: What is true about the aeration of both sand and clay? - Answer: Sand High ; Clay Low/poor U3-26: What is the name of the most common mineral group, and what elements make up this mineral group? - Answer: Silicates Silicon & Oxygen U3-27: Put in the correct order the necessary steps needed to form sediments and then into sedimentary rocks. (Think rock cycle) - Answer: Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation U3-28: Gravity is the most influential force behind. - Answer: Mass Movements U3-29: Which mineral ID test is generally the least reliable and why? - Answer: Color External and internal color of mineral may both be different U3-30: NEED TO KNOW: Be able to use soil texture diagram (triangle) to determine soil texture type given percentages of sand, silt, & clay. - Answer: Refer to soil texture diagram (triangle)
4 U3-31: Describe the rate of movement of a creep mass movement. - Answer: The slowest of all mass movement types. Thus very hard to see/feel. Can identify by the tilt/slant of stationary objects like telephone poles and trees. U3-32: Identity a property/characteristic of rock layers that allow it to be MOST resistant to weathering. - Answer: Compacted AND layered soil U3-33: What must happen to molten magma in order for the formation of igneous rock to occur? - Answer: Molten magma must cool/crystallize U3-34: What is the difference between mineral cleavage and mineral fragment? - Answer: Cleavage Even, smooth split along flat planes or right angles ; Fracture Uneven break with no apparent plane of splitting U3-35: Foliation is a characteristic/property of which rock type? - Answer: Metamorphic Rock U3-36: Define porosity AND permeability. - Answer: Porosity Percentage of open space/pores in soil ; Permeability Ability to allow water/nutrients to pass through U3-37: Describe the porosity of both sand and clay. - Answer: Sand High ; Clay - Low U3-38: Describe the permeability of both sand and clay. - Answer: Sand High ; Clay - Low U3-39: What is the best method (not test) when identifying different types of minerals? - Answer: Use a combination of mineral ID tests U3-40: Why is hardness a useful and reliable mineral ID test? - Answer: Each mineral has a specific hardness value as measured by Moh s Hardness scale U3-41: Describe the process of frost wedging and its impact on weathering. - Answer: Water freezes and expands in cracks of rock causing weathering
5 U3-42: Identify the four (4) major components that make up soil. - Answer: Mineral nutrients, eroded rock, water, air U3-43: What is the significance/importance of regolith? - Answer: Layer of loose, partially weathered rock material that includes soil and sits above bedrock U3-44: Identify name of soil layer (and its horizon letter) that contains organic matter/nutrients, including leaves that may fall on it. - Answer: Humus (Horizon O) U3-45: Why is choosing the appropriate type of soil for farming very important? - Answer: Soil type/texture will determine the ability to support plant growth U3-46: What is the relationship (direct or inverse) between particle size and water/nutrient holding capacity and why? - Answer: Inverse à The larger the particle size, the less water/nutrients that it can hold due to little friction between particles U3-47: Which soil texture is best in water holding capacity, yet poorest in aeration? - Answer: Clay U3-48: What two aspects are used in classifying mass movements? - Answer: What material type is moved and how it moves U3-49: Identify three (3) triggers that may lead to mass movements. - Answer: Earthquakes / Flash floods / Removal of vegetation / Construction / Gravity U3-50: Why is climate the biggest variable/factor that leads to mass movements? - Answer: Climate adds weakness to soil and/or removes Earth material (including roots) that may lead to greater mass movement events
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A. IGNEOUS Rocks formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock called magma (within crust or at its surface).
EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 5 NOTES KEY How Earth's Rocks Were Formed Early geologists believed that the physical features of the Earth were formed by sudden spectacular events called CATASTROPHES. Modern
Essentials of Geology, 11e
Essentials of Geology, 11e and s Chapter 5 Instructor Jennifer Barson Spokane Falls Community College Geology 101 Stanley Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Jennifer Cole Northeastern University Earth
e. another name for 0 elevation! f. imaginary lines that connect points of equal elevation! depression! steep slope!
Name: Date: Period: PART 1 - Topography Basics A. Match the definition to the vocabulary word. contour interval a. shows the shape, surface features & elevation of the land topographic maps b. evenly spaced
The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium
Mineralogy: The Study of Minerals and their Properties A Mineral! Occurs! Is a! Is a substance (element or compound)! Has atoms arrange in an orderly pattern ( )! Is (not formed by any process involving
Modeling the Rock Cycle
P a g e 1 Name Modeling the Rock Cycle Background Information: Like the Earth itself, rocks are in a constant state of change. Rocks are solids made up of different minerals. Scientists usually classify
Liz LaRosa Images from Geology.com unless otherwise noted
Liz LaRosa http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2010 Images from Geology.com unless otherwise noted A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter Rocks are classified
BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK Earth s Dynamic Treasures Rocks & The Rock Cycle
Grade Level: 4th-8th grades Subject Area: Earth Science Objectives: Introduce students to the rock cycle. Students will have an opportunity to categorize rocks from the three rock types. Students investigate