Let s learn about THE EARTH

Transcription

1 Let s learn about THE EARTH

2 1. WHERE WE LIVE We live on The Earth, The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and it is also the fifth largest of the eight planets in the solar system. The Earth, our planet, where we live, is the only planet in the Solar System known to have life. All things live under a thin layer of atmosphere that separates us from the space, where we could not live. Earth is made up of complex, interactive systems that are often unpredictable. Air, water, land and humans themselves combine forces to create a constantly changing world we are trying to understand. Nitrogen Oxygen Other Gases 1.1. The Atmosphere The Atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds The Earth. The air that we breathe is a mixture of gases. Air is composed of the following gases: nitrogen and oxygen which are the most important and other gases such as: water vapour, ozone and others. The atmosphere is really important for several reasons: It has the oxygen that we need to live. All living things need oxygen and it also has carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that plants need to perform photosynthesis. On the hand other, carbon dioxide and other gases retain the Earth s heat. The Ozone filters the ultraviolet rays. By MACS 1

3 Layers of the Atmosphere In order to understand better our atmosphere, scientists have divided it into several layers. These layers are divided based on the characteristics of the gases found. The first layer of the atmosphere is fortunately composed of the gases that we breath everyday. This layer is called the troposphere. The troposphere is the layer that we live in. The next layer of our atmosphere is called the stratosphere. Above the stratosphere lies the mesosphere, followed by the thermosphere, and finally the exosphere. In the upper part of the mesosphere there is a high proportion of ozone, which is why it is called the ozone layer. About 600 kilometres high it is considered exterior space. exosphere thermosphere mesosphere stratosphere troposphere Ozone layer Hurricanes are very strong and violent winds Weather phenomena The principal weather phenomena are precipitation and wind. Precipitation. Precipitation is when water falls from the atmosphere to the terrestrial surface. Precipitation is a very common phenomena in the atmosphere of our Earth. This precipitation always comes from clouds. The main types of precipitation are rain, snow and hail. Wind. Wind is the movement of the air from one place to another. In some places, wind has different names. For example, on the coast they are called breezes, on the other hand, when we refer to very strong and violent winds, they are called hurricanes. By MACS 2 hail snow rain

4 The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and it is also the fifth largest of the eight planets in the solar system. The Atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds The Earth. Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen and other gases. The atmosphere is really important because it has the oxygen that we breathe, retains the Earth s heat and the Ozone layer filters the ultraviolet rays. The layers of the Atmosphere are: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The principal weather phenomena are precipitation and wind. ACTIVITIES 1.- Answer these questions: a) What is the atmosphere? b) What gases can you find in the atmosphere? c) How many layers are there in our atmosphere? What are they? d) What are the main weather phenomena? e) What is precipitation? And wind? f) What types of precipitation can we distinguish? 2.- Think and talk about why the atmosphere is necessary for our lives. By MACS 3

5 3.- Complete these sentences on your notebook. a) The Earth is the planet from the Sun. b). is the movement of the air from one place to another. c) is the layer where we live in. d) Plants need...and to perform photosynthesis. e) The filters the ultraviolet rays. f) Strong and violent winds are called g) Precipitation always comes from.. h) We differentiate three types of precipitation:., snow and 5.- Draw a diagram representing the layers of the Atmosphere. Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Geosphere By MACS 4

6 6.- Match: 1. Atmosphere 2. Oxygen 3. Nitrogen 4. Troposphere 5. Wind a) The first layer of the atmosphere where we live. b) The movement of the air from one place to another. c) The gas that we breathe. d) The layer of air which surrounds The Earth. e) The most abundant gas in the composition of air The Geosphere The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth. Part of the geosphere is below the oceans at the bottom of the sea, and part emerges and forms continents and islands. The geosphere is formed by three concentric layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. Each of these layers is formed by different materials Parts of the Geosphere The crust is the most exterior layer of the geosphere. It is composed of solid materials and is more on the continents at the bottom of the ocean. The mantle is the middle layer of the geosphere. It has a hotter temperature than the crust. In some areas of the mantle you can find melted rocks which are called magma. The core is the most internal layer of the geosphere. It is composed of iron and other metals. It has the hottest temperature of the three layers. It is divided into two parts: the inner core and the outer core. Inner core Outer core crust mantle By MACS 5

7 Rocks and Minerals Rocks are natural materials that form the terrestrial crust. Rocks are formed by various components that we can observe in different grains, sizes, and colours. These components are the minerals. Rocks and minerals are non-living things. Rocks are made up of one or more minerals. Each mineral has its own special properties. A mineral can be any colour, shiny or dull, soft or hard. There are five different minerals that exist. We can recognize them by their own characteristics, like the density, colour, hardness, brightness, etc Rocks and minerals are important for people. We use minerals for different purposes. Sometimes we can find them near the Earth s surface, but other times they are found deep under the ground. Miners remove the soil and top layers of rock to find them. Rocks are natural materials that form the terrestrial crust Types of rocks Coal is a sedimentary rock. There are three groups of rocks that can be classified according to their origin. They are the sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks: they are formed from other rocks or living things. Coal, gypsum and sandstone are examples of sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks: Igneous rocks originated from magma. Granite is an example of an igneous rocks. Granite is an igneous rock. Metamorphic rocks: Metamorphic rocks originated by fusing with other rocks. Marble and slate are examples of metamorphic rocks. The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth. It is made up by the crust, mantle, and the core. The Earth s crust is made up of rocks composed of minerals. Marble is a metamorphic rock. By MACS 6

8 th Level 4 C.E.I.P. EUROPA (Almería) Rocks are natural materials that form the terrestrial crust. We can recognize minerals by their own characteristics, like the density, colour, hardness, brightness, etc There are three groups of rocks: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Arenisca: Sandstone Carbón: Coal Yeso: Gypsum Granito: Granite Basalto: Basalt Diorita: Diorite Mármol: Marble Pizarra: Slate Mica: Mica What other minerals do you know? Try to find out using the Internet!! By MACS 7

9 ACTIVITIES 7.- Match these questions with their answers. 1. What are rocks? 2. What are rocks made of? 3. What is the geosphere? 4. What are the characteristics of minerals? 5. What are the parts of the geosphere? 6. What are the three types of groups of rocks? 7. How is a metamorphic rock originated? a) Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. b) They are made of one or more minerals. c) Density, colour, hardness, brightness d) It is originated by fusing with other rocks. e) They are natural materials that form the terrestrial crust. f) Crust, mantle and core. g) It is the solid part of the Earth. 8.- Write and colour the parts of the geosphere. By MACS 8

10 9.- Read the description. What is it? I. A type of metamorphic rock. Macael, a village from Almeria, is famous for the production of it. II. It is a black sedimentary rock. III. It is between the crust and the nucleus. IV. Natural materials that form the terrestrial crust. V. An Igneous rock originated from magma, it starts with the letter g. VI. A characteristic of minerals that relates mass to volume. VII. The first layer of the Earth Complete the table. Write three examples. Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks 1.4. Changes of the Earth s Surface 1. Types of changes: The surface of the Earth is continually changing. Some changes are quick, like when there is an earthquake; others are very slow, like a mountain changing. Some changes occur because of an internal force in the earth. These forces are capable of breaking the Earth s crust and on occasion these forces produce earthquakes and erupt volcanoes. Other changes are produced on the surface of the Earth when the water and wind do not stop. These changes affect the landscape. Volcano Ruhapeu. New Zeland. Earthquake in Kermán By MACS (Irán) 9

11 1.4. Changes of the Earth s Surface 2. Volcanoes: Volcanoes are places where the Earth s magma comes out onto the surface of the Earth. When the magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. It also brings up melted rocks with a very hot temperature. Besides the lava, volcanoes expulse gases and fragments of rocks. The only area in Spain where we find volcanic activity is in the Canary islands. These islands were formed by volcanic eruptions. 3. Earthquakes: Earthquakes are movements of the Earth s crust produced internally in the Earth. Earthquakes can change the landscape in minutes and can also produce avalanches, change the course of a river and change the height and inclination of the terrain. When earthquakes are produced on the part of the Earth s crust that is below the sea, they can produce a tidal wave, which are also called tsunamis. They cause giant waves in the ocean and can be very destructive. 4. The action of water and wind: the water and wind change the surface of the Earth through erosion, transport and sedimentation. Erosion consists of the breaking down of natural substances on our Earth, like rocks. For example, when the sea hits the rocks and cliffs, it slowly wears away the rock. Transport is the displacement of natural materials, like pollen, soil, leaves, etc. The wind transports these materials that are in the soil or in the air. Also, rivers and the sea transport sand and rock fragments. Sedimentation is the accumulation of materials that have been transported from other places after being eroded and transported. This is how for example we have dunes in the desert and sand at the beach. Erosion. Wind and water erodes the rocks Sedimentation. Dune. By MACS 10

12 The surface of the Earth is continually changing. Some changes are quick, and others are very slow. Volcanoes are places where the Earth s magma comes out onto the surface of the Earth. Earthquakes are movements of the Earth s crust produced internally in the Earth. When earthquakes are produced below the sea, they can produce a tsunami. The water and wind change the surface of the Earth through erosion, transport and sedimentation. ACTIVITIES 11.- Look at the photos and read the description, after say which disaster it is. Hurricane a violent storm with strong winds especially in the West Atlantic Ocean Landslide a large mass of earth or rock that falls down the slope of a mountain or cliff. Flood A large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry. Tsunami An extremely large wave in the sea caused, for example, by an earthquake. Tornado: A violent storm with very strong winds which move in a circle. There is often also a long cloud which is narrower at the bottom than the top. Thunderstorm: A storm with thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain. Volcano: A mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases and lava (= hot liquid rock) are forced out in to the air, or have been in the past. It can be active or dormant By MACS 11

13 Complete this text. We live on.., It is the third planet from the Sun and it is also the fifth of the eight planets in the solar system. The Earth, our planet, where we live, is the only planet in the Solar System known to have life. All things live under a thin layer of. that separates us from the.., where we could not live. The. is the layer of air which surrounds The Earth. The air is composed of different gases: nitrogen, and other gases. Oxygen is the gas that we. Our atmosphere is divided into several layers, these layers in order are:, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and the. The solid part of the Earth is the, which is formed by three concentric layers: crust, and nucleus. The terrestrial crust is formed by., these are classified into three groups: sedimentary, igneous and. rocks. Finally we can mention some changes which are produced on the Earth, they are volcanoes, earthquakes and the action of.. and. By MACS 12

14 13.- Complete this outline. THE EARTH Atmosphere Composed of Divided into Crust Other gases 14.- Solve this crossword EclipseCrossword.com By MACS 13

15 th Level 4 C.E.I.P. EUROPA (Almería) Across Gas in the air that we breathe Rocks originated by fusing with other rocks. The accumulation of materials that have been transported from other places after being eroded and transported. The displacement of natural materials, like pollen, soil, leaves, etc by the wind or water. Coal, gypsum and sandstone are examples of these rocks The third planet from the Sun Natural materials that form the terrestrial crust. The most internal layer of the geosphere. The layer where we live Down In the Canary islands there are some of them. Layer of air which surrounds the Earth The changes of state and of position of water in the Earth. The movement of the air from one place to another. The solid part of the Earth. The waters of the planet, in a solid, liquid or gaseous state. The diverse forms in which water falls from the atmosphere to the terrestrial surface. Movements of rising and falling of the superficial sea water, caused by the wind. Movements of the Earth s crust produced internally in the Earth. The layer which filters the ultraviolet rays The most exterior layer of the geosphere look and write their names By MACS

16 What can we do? Turn off the lights Save electricity Unplug appliances when not in use Use less water Don t waste water Separate your garbage Recycle paper Don t drop rubbish in the street Protect animals In some countries many people do not have clean water 16.- Match suggestions and results. 1. Put bins on every street corner a. people have more oxygen 2. Have more trees and green areas b. there won t be so much rubbish everywhere 3. Improve public transport c. people not drop litter in streets 4. People use bicycles d. people leave cars at home 5. People recycle things e. children would be able to play safely 6. Create more parks f. cities would be less polluted 17.- Complete these sentences about ways of helping our planet. water newspapers lights containers bus recycle tree bike 1. Turn off.. that don't need to be on 2. Plant a.. 3. Take the, walk or ride your.. to meetings 4... aluminium and glass 5. Recycle.. 6. Reuse glass.. 7. Save as. as you can By MACS 15

17 18.- Sing this song What about sunrise What about rain What about all the things That you said we were to gain... What about killing fields Is there a time What about all the things That you said were yours and mine Did you ever stop to notice All the blood we've shed before Did you ever stop to notice This crying Earth, these weeping shores? Chorus: Aaaaaaaaaah Oooooooooh Aaaaaaaaaah Oooooooooh What have we done to the world Look what we've done What about about all the peace That you pledge your only son... What about flowering fields Is there a time What about all the dreams That you said was yours and mine Did you ever stop to notice All the children dead from war Did you ever stop to notice This crying earth, these weeping shores? Chorus I used to dream I used to glance beyond the stars Now I don't know where we are Although I know we've drifted far Chorus Hey, what about yesterday What about the seas The heavens are falling down I can't even breathe What about the bleeding Earth Can't we feel it's wounds What about nature's worth (Oooh, oooh) It's our planet's womb Earth song By Michael Jackson What about animals (What about it) We've turned kingdoms to dust What about elephants Have we lost thier trust What about crying whales We're ravaging the seas What about forest trails (Oooh, oooh) Burnt despite our pleas What about the holy land (What about it) Torn apart by creed What about the common man Can't we set him free What about children dying Can't you hear them cry Where did we go wrong (Oooh, oooh) Someone tell me why What about babies (What about it) What about the days What about all their joy What about the man What about the crying man What about Abraham What about death again (Oooh, oooh) Do we give a damn By MACS 16

18 19.- Watch this video and write: CRUST, MANTLE, OUTER CORE or INNER CORE. It occupies the 1% of Earth volume. It is the hottest part of the Earth. It is the surface of the Earth. We can find lava in it. It is the bigger layer of Earth structure Make a project. The Earth, our blue planet!! 1. Make or draw our planet, you can use different materials, clay, paint colours, felt tip pens, plasticine Remember use a model to make it. 2. Represent its layers, characteristics, etc 3. Decorate it. 4. Talk to your partners in the class What can you do? Cross. Hello, my friends!! Read and write a cross. Do you recognize and understand some oral expressions, texts and words related to The Earth and its characteristics? Reconoces algunas palabras y expresiones orales relacionadas con la Tierra y sus características? Can you read information about our blue planet and understand the most important information? Puedes leer información sobre nuestro planeta azul y comprender la información más relevante? Can you speak about The Earth and describe their principal characteristics as well as ways to protect it? Puedes hablar sobre la Tierra y describir sus principales características, además de formas para protegerla? Do you talk to your classmates about our planet, its characteristics and how to preserve it? Hablas con tus compañeros/as acerca de nuestro planeta, sus características y cómo cuidarlo? Can you write and make projects about The Earth? Puedes escribir y realizar proyectos sobre la Tierra? By MACS 17