DeepSea Minerals Research in Indonesia : Status and Challenges
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1 KEMENTERIAN MINISTRY OF ENERGY ENERGI AND DAN MINERAL SUMBER RESOURCES DAYA MINERAL REPUBLIK REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA DeepSea Minerals Research in Indonesia : Status and Challenges Noor C.D Aryanto and Ediar Usman Research Coordinator of Marine Mineral Resources Marine Geological Institute, ARDEMR Yogyakarta, May 2017 MGI s PROFILE The territory of Indonesia is largely ocean and more than BACKGROUND: 2/3 is deep sea; Seabed minerals research is still within the basic research level; The existence and content of deep sea minerals have great potential in the future, both in the economic (benefit) and political (the existence of a nation) 1
2 GENERAL CONDITION OF INDONESIAN SEAS Islands: 17,504; Waters 5.9 million Km 2, Territorial Sea 0.4 million Km 2 EEZ claim 2.7 million Km 2 Claims of Continental Shelf Territory 3,700 Km 2 (proven 375 Km 2 ) Proposed Claims International SeaBed Authority (ISBA) NATIONAL POLICY: Key Pillar Maritime Development of MEMR Marine Energy Development: Utilization of marine resources (current energy, waves & OTEC) Small Island / Frontier/ Border area Potency Development: Energy infrastruct dev to supports Maritine economic cluster Renewable Energy potency utilization Marine Mineral Resources Development: Placer (REE) and seabed mineral potency research/investigation Marine Strategic Issues and Infrastructure: Pipelines, sedimentation, ports, inter-island bridge, mitigation and gological hazard analysis 2
3 OVERVIEW OF SEABED MINERAL RESOURCES POTENCY PLACER DEPOSITS: Tin, Iron-sand, Ti-sand, Heavy mineral (zircon, monazite, apatite, rutile, ilmenite), carbonate agregate & REE West Indonesia Waters; HIDROTHERMAL DEPOSIT: Mg, Co - crust and nodule, Cu and Au, hidrothermal vent, submarine volcano East Indonesia Waters PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Polimetallic Nodule: Manganese Nodules Snellius I Expedition (1930), First deep sea sediment studies in Indonesia. Later, Snellius II Expedition (1984) provided the first information on oozes and Fe-Mn deposits. During this expedition many small nodules rich in manganese and iron occurred in their samplings. The deposit appears to be of typical of hydroxide of manganese and iron crystallized but is in a phase of disintegration nodules and seems to be buried by very fine sediments. 3
4 Manganese Crust: The history of polymetallic crust discovery was conducted in 1996, when the GEOBANDUT Expedition scientists haulded up the first sample of polymetalic crusts from a depth of 3956 m at the crest of the Tampomas Ridge, northern Banda Sea. The crust containing a high concentration of Fe (46,829 ppm), Mn (24,780 ppm), Mg (2,910 ppm), Co (102 ppm), and Ni (1,288 ppm). Seabed Mineral Hidrothermal in Komba Waters, Flores (MGI, 2003) 4
5 Hydrothermal Mineral (2007) Hydrothermal mineral deposits are a by product of the exchange of heat and chemicals between the lithosphere and ocean. Metalliferous mineral samples taken from the seabed of Komba complex, southern Banda Sea, are the first hydrothermal mineral deposit found in Indonesia. The samples are economic resource highest of metal content such as Au (5.12 ppm), Ag (7.13 ppm) and Cu (0.017%). Submarine volcano characterization (2009) 5
6 CURRENT STATUS & NEXT PROGRAMME: : Done : Planned ISBA (ISA) Activities: 6
7 SUMMARY: Potentials Of Deepsea Minerals occurs in The Eastern Indonesia Waters; Research deep sea minerals, still in early stage level; International cooperation is needed to accelerate potential mapping; Potential mapping results of all seabed (deepsea) mineral resources potential in the Indonesia marine area as "the last promising frontier" 7
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