Chapter 16 Minerals: A Non-renewable Resource

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 16 Minerals: A Non-renewable Resource"

Transcription

1 Chapter 16 Minerals: A Non-renewable Resource

2 Overview of Chapter 16 o Introduction to Minerals Mineral Distribution and Formation How Minerals are Found and Extracted o Environmental Impact of Minerals o An International Perspective o Increasing the Supply of Minerals o Substitution and Conservation

3 Introduction to Minerals o Minerals Elements or compounds of elements that occur naturally in Earth s crust o Rocks Naturally formed aggregates of minerals o Examples of Minerals Concrete (mixture of sand, gravel and limestone)

4 Introduction to Minerals o Examples of Minerals Table salt (nonmetal) Copper (metal)

5 Mineral Distribution and Formation o Abundant minerals in crust Aluminum and iron o Scarce minerals in crust Copper, chromium, and molybdenum o Distributed unevenly across globe If found in low abundance, mining is not profitable

6 Formation of Mineral Deposits o Result of natural processes Magmatic concentration As magma cools heavier elements (Fe and Mg) settle Responsible for deposits of Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr Hydrothermal processes Minerals are carried and deposited by water heated deep in earth s crust Sedimentation Weathered particles are transported by water and deposited as sediment on sea floor or shore Evaporation Salts are left behind after water body dries up

7 Discovering Mineral Deposits o Scientists (geologists) use a variety of instruments and measurements Aerial or satellite photography Aircraft and satellite instruments that measure Earth s magnetic field Seismographs o Combine this with knowledge of how minerals are formed

8 Extracting Minerals o Surface Mining Mineral and energy resources are extracted near Earth s surface by removing soil, subsoil and over-lying rock strata More common because less expensive Two kinds: open pit and strip mining o Subsurface Mining Mineral and energy resources are extracted from deep underground deposits Two kinds: shaft mine and slope mine

9 Extracting Minerals- Open Pit Surface Mining

10 o Smeltingprocess in which ore is melted at high temps to separate impurities from the molten metal Processing Minerals

11 Environmental Impacts of Minerals o Disturbs large area Prone to erosion o Uses large quantities of water Must pump water out of mine to keep it dry o Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Pollution caused when sulfuric acid and dissolved lead, arsenic or cadmium wash out of mines into nearby waterways

12 Environmental Impacts of Refining Minerals

13 Environmental Impacts of Refining Minerals o 80% or more of mined ore consists of impurities- called tailings Contain toxic materials o Smelting plants emit large amounts of air pollutants o Requires a lot of energy (fossil fuels combustion)

14 Case-In-Point Copper Basin, TN

15 Restoration of Mining Lands o Goals: prevent further degradation and erosion of land, eliminate local sources of toxins and make land productive for another purpose

16 Restoration of Mining Land o Creative Approaches o - Wetlands Trap sediment and pollutants before they get into streams, improving water quality Expensive to create and maintain, but cost effective compared to using lime to decrease acidity o - Phytoremediation Use of specific plants to absorb and accumulate toxic materials in soil Great potential

17 Minerals: An International Perspective o Highly developed countries rely on mineral deposits in developing countries They have exhausted their own supplies o Governments in developing countries lack financial resources to handle pollution Acid mine drainage Air and water pollution

18 North American Consumption of Selected Metals

19 Will We Run Out of Important Metals? o Mineral Reserves Mineral deposits that have been identified and are currently profitable to extract

20 Increasing Supply of Minerals Locating and Mining New Deposits o Many known mineral deposits have not yet been exploited Difficult to access Insufficient technology Ex: Malaria ridden forests of Indonesia Ex: polar regions Located too deep Ex: 10km or deeper

21 Increasing Supply of Minerals Minerals in Antarctica o No substantial mineral deposits identified to date o Antarctica Treaty (1961) o Geologists feel they will be discovered in near future No one owns Antarctica Limits activity to peaceful uses (i.e. scientific studies) Madrid Protocol (1990) Moratorium on mineral exploration and development for minimum of 50 years

22 Increasing Supply of MineralsMinerals from the Ocean o May provide us with future supplies Extracting minerals from seawater Mining seafloor- Manganese nodules (below)

23 Advance Mining and Processing Technologies o Special techniques to make use of large, low-grade mineral deposits world-wide o Currently requires a lot of energy Biomining Using microorganisms to extract minerals from low-grade ores

24 Finding Mineral Substitutes o Important goal in manufacturing o o Driven by economics- cut costs! Substitute expensive/scarce mineral resources for inexpensive/abundant ones Examples: Using plastic, glass or aluminum in place of tin Using plastic instead of lead and steel in telecommunications cables Using glass fibers instead of copper wiring in telephone cables

25 Mineral Conservation o Includes reuse and recycling of existing mineral supplies Reuse- using items over and over again Reduces both mineral consumption and pollution Benefits greater than recycling Recycling- converting item into new product Common practice throughout industrialized world Reduces land destruction from mining Reduces solid waste Decreases energy consumption and pollution

26 Changing Our Mineral Requirements o Must change out throw away mentality Damaged or unneeded articles are thrown away

27 Mineral Flow in an Industrial Society

15 Mineral Resources

15 Mineral Resources 15 Mineral Resources Overview of Chapter 15 Introduction to Minerals Environmental Impact Associated with Minerals An International Perspective Increasing the Supply of Minerals Using Substitution and

More information

Rocks, Minerals, & Mining. (I ain t sayin she a golddigga)

Rocks, Minerals, & Mining. (I ain t sayin she a golddigga) Rocks, Minerals, & Mining (I ain t sayin she a golddigga) The Rock Cycle! Rocks are made up of multiple minerals. Minerals are made up of multiple elements. Rocks and minerals recycle or change due to

More information

Composition of the crust. Ore deposits. Ore distribution. Resources: Mineral resources. Reading: Today: Ch 12 (to p306)

Composition of the crust. Ore deposits. Ore distribution. Resources: Mineral resources. Reading: Today: Ch 12 (to p306) Composition of the crust Resources: Mineral resources Reading: Today: Ch 12 (to p306) QUESTION Ore deposits A rock containing a useful metal in a useable concentration Ore distribution by definition ore

More information

Mineral resources. Composition of the crust. Resources: Reading: Today: Ch 12 (to p306) QUESTION Environmental Geology Mineral resources

Mineral resources. Composition of the crust. Resources: Reading: Today: Ch 12 (to p306) QUESTION Environmental Geology Mineral resources Resources: Mineral resources Reading: Today: Ch 12 (to p306) QUESTION Composition of the crust 1 Ore deposits A rock containing a useful metal in a useable concentration Concentration factor = concentration

More information

Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Environmental Science, 15e MILLER/SPOOLMAN G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 12 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Core Case Study: The Crucial Importance of Rare Earth Metals There are 17 rare

More information

Do Now - APES. Due Next Class. Mining HW. Work on QSC using today s notes

Do Now - APES. Due Next Class. Mining HW. Work on QSC using today s notes Do Now - APES 1. Grab a chromebook 2. Log on to Albert.io & work on The Living World Loss of Biodiversity Soil & Soil Dynamics Fishing (10min) Mining HW Due Next Class Work on QSC using today s notes Do

More information

Unit 4 Earth Systems and Resources

Unit 4 Earth Systems and Resources Unit 4 Earth Systems and Resources The Earth s resources were determined when the planet formed. The Earth s Layers Core- the innermost zone of the planet made of nickel and iron. Inner core (soild) &

More information

Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources

Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources Earth s resources were determined when the planet formed. The Earth s Crust Layers Core: innermost zone of the planet, largely nickel and iron. Mantle: above the core,

More information

Mineral Resources. Mineral Resources

Mineral Resources. Mineral Resources Page 1 of 7 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Mineral Resources This page last updated on 20-Mar-2012 Mineral Resources Almost all Earth materials are used by humans

More information

Chapter 15. Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources 1/17/2016. Core Case Study: The Nanotechnology Revolution GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

Chapter 15. Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources 1/17/2016. Core Case Study: The Nanotechnology Revolution GEOLOGIC PROCESSES Chapter 15 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Core Case Study: The Nanotechnology Revolution Nanotechnology uses science and engineering to create materials out of atoms and molecules at the scale

More information

Rocks and Minerals. Goal 2.1 Lesson 1

Rocks and Minerals. Goal 2.1 Lesson 1 Rocks and Minerals Goal 2.1 Lesson 1 Think About It What are rocks made of? Focus Question What are Earth s materials made of? A Definition: A Mineral is/has 1. Naturally occurring Plastic is not a mineral!

More information

How do you define Resource? Resources

How do you define Resource? Resources Resources Resources are like air - of no great importance until you are not getting any Anonymous How do you define Resource? Your textbook defines a resource as the following In economic terms, anything

More information

core mantle crust the center of the Earth the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock

core mantle crust the center of the Earth the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock core the center of the Earth mantle the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock crust the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans 1 continental drift the theory

More information

Earth s Resources. Earth s Surface

Earth s Resources. Earth s Surface Earth s Resources Earth s Surface Earth s surface is made up of a layer of rock called the crust. The crust covers all of Earth. It is several miles thick. Most of the crust is under water. The upper part

More information

Geologic Resources. Geologic Resources and Society. Geologic Resources and Society

Geologic Resources. Geologic Resources and Society. Geologic Resources and Society Geologic Resources Our entire society rests upon - and is dependent upon - our water, our land, our forests, and our minerals. How we use these resources influences our health, security, economy, and well-being.

More information

Chapter 1 Rocks and minerals and their exploitation

Chapter 1 Rocks and minerals and their exploitation Chapter 1 Rocks and minerals and their exploitation 1 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: describe, with examples, the characteristics of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

More information

The Earth s Layers. Convection and Hot Spots. The Earth s Layers. The Earth s resources were determined when the planet formed.

The Earth s Layers. Convection and Hot Spots. The Earth s Layers. The Earth s resources were determined when the planet formed. The Earth s resources were determined when the planet formed. Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources The Earth s Layers Core- the innermost zone of the planet made of nickel and iron. Mantle- above the

More information

6th Grade Science Sample Assessment Items S6E3c.

6th Grade Science Sample Assessment Items S6E3c. Composition 6th Grade Science Sample Assessment Items Ocean water differs from freshwater in that it has. A. a lower temperature B. a higher temperature C. a higher concentration of silicon dioxide D.

More information

14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor

14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor 14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor The ocean floor regions are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor, and the mid-ocean ridge. 14.2 Ocean Floor Features Continental Margins A continental

More information

Carbon Cycling Internal

Carbon Cycling Internal Carbon Cycling Internal The 4 subcycles Atmosphere The Earth s Atmosphere The Earth has a radius of some 6400 km. Ninety-nine percent of the earth's atmosphere is contained within a layer approximately

More information

Chapter 8 Earth Systems

Chapter 8 Earth Systems Chapter 8 Earth Systems Friedland and Relyea Environmental Science for AP, second edition 2015 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not

More information

Chapter 9 : Rocks and Minerals. Section 1: Minerals Earth s Jewels

Chapter 9 : Rocks and Minerals. Section 1: Minerals Earth s Jewels Chapter 9 : Rocks and Minerals Section 1: Minerals Earth s Jewels **Definition of Minerals Minerals are: naturally occurring, inorganic, solid materials, with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline

More information

Classify Rock (rock1)

Classify Rock (rock1) Name: Date: 1. Cleavage of a mineral is related to a mineral's A. chemical composition. B. streak color. C. luster. D. crystalline structure. 2. Which is not part of the definition of a mineral? A. naturally

More information

AQA C1 Atomic Structure

AQA C1 Atomic Structure AQA C1 Atomic Structure What s in an atom? Elements in the periodic have different sizes of atoms. The size of the atoms depends on the number of protons, electrons and neutrons they have. Each element

More information

Why care about Rocks? Minerals. Minerals (examples) Minerals (examples) 11/29/2017. Energy & Commerce. History of the Earth.

Why care about Rocks? Minerals. Minerals (examples) Minerals (examples) 11/29/2017. Energy & Commerce. History of the Earth. 12-4-17 ROCK CYCLE NOTES Why care about Rocks? Energy & Commerce Fossil Fuels Gems Countertops & other building materials History of the Earth Dinosaurs, Past Climates, Pangaea Other Planets Meteorites

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Environmental Learning Community CORC 1332 Sept 21, 2010

Minerals and Rocks. Environmental Learning Community CORC 1332 Sept 21, 2010 Minerals and Rocks Environmental Learning Community CORC 1332 Sept 21, 2010 Outline Quiz More on minerals Twinkies Rocks How can you identify one mineral from another? Distinguishing One Mineral from Another

More information

What is a sedimentary rock?

What is a sedimentary rock? Sedimentary Rocks What is a sedimentary rock? Sedimentary rocks are products of mechanical and chemical weathering They account for only 5% of the top 10 miles of the outer crust, yet most of the earth

More information

Real-Life Applications: Economic Mineral Deposits

Real-Life Applications: Economic Mineral Deposits Real-Life Applications: Economic Mineral Deposits Economic Minerals Economic minerals are minerals that can be extracted, processed and marketed for a profit. Various factors determine if a mineral is

More information

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs Distribution of water in

More information

Mineral Formation & Mining

Mineral Formation & Mining Words Worth Knowing Pluton Pegmatite Limestone Ore Mining Mineral Formation & Mining Take notes using pages 11 and 13 in your ISN all RED words must be in notes 1 How do minerals form? Magma Plutons Magma

More information

Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6

Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6 Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6 I. What is a sedimentary rock? A. Sedimentary rock 1) Rock made of detrital sediments (such as sand) or inorganic/organic chemical precipitates (such as calcite) 2) Detrital

More information

Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. Sustainable Energy Sources. Source:

Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. Sustainable Energy Sources. Source: Sustainable Energy Sources GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Earth s Temperature Profile GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Plate Tectonics Earth's crust is broken into huge plates that move apart or push together at about the rate our

More information

6/20/2018. Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) 6 th Grade. Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks. density =

6/20/2018. Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) 6 th Grade. Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks. density = 6 th Grade Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks Mineral Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) a mineral must meet all four of the following requirements: 1. must be naturally-occurring (formed by

More information

Figure 1.2. Growth of the world s population through history. Notice the sharp drop due to the Black Death that struck Europe in 1348, and the sharp

Figure 1.2. Growth of the world s population through history. Notice the sharp drop due to the Black Death that struck Europe in 1348, and the sharp Figure 1.2. Growth of the world s population through history. Notice the sharp drop due to the Black Death that struck Europe in 1348, and the sharp rise that occurred in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

More information

Chapter: Weathering and Erosion

Chapter: Weathering and Erosion Chapter: Weathering and Erosion Section 1: Weathering and Soil Formation Minerals form rocks Rocks form soil Weathering Weathering is a mechanical or chemical surface process that breaks rocks into smaller

More information

Small area of the ocean that is partially surrounded by land. The Ocean Basins. Three Major Oceans. Three Major Oceans. What is a SEA?

Small area of the ocean that is partially surrounded by land. The Ocean Basins. Three Major Oceans. Three Major Oceans. What is a SEA? The Ocean Basins How Deep is the Ocean? 1 2 Three Major Oceans Three Major Oceans Pacific Atlantic the shallowest ocean (3.3km average depth) Indian second shallowest ocean (3.8km average depth) Pacific

More information

Minerals. Natural Solid Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms

Minerals. Natural Solid Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms Minerals Natural Solid Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms http://www.minerals.net/gemstone/index.htm http://www.mii.org/www.mii.org General Facts

More information

Grade 8 Learning Objectives MS-PS2-4.

Grade 8 Learning Objectives MS-PS2-4. MS-PS2-4. Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects. [Clarification Statement: Examples

More information

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures CHAPTER 2 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture

More information

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2 Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: the building blocks of rocks Definition of a mineral Solid Inorganic Natural Crystalline Structure - Possess an orderly

More information

The Water Planet Ch. 22

The Water Planet Ch. 22 The Water Planet Ch. 22 What is Oceanography? the study of the Earth s oceans using chemistry, biology, geology, and physics. Oceans cover 70% of the Earth s surface Ocean Research 22.1 The use of submarines

More information

Sedimentary Rocks. All sedimentary rocks begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments Sediments are mainly weathered debris

Sedimentary Rocks. All sedimentary rocks begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments Sediments are mainly weathered debris Rocks! Objectives Describe the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock Distinguish between clastic sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks Identify the features that are

More information

Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way.

Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. All rocks fit into one of three categories: Igneous- formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock Sedimentary- formed

More information

Name Date Class. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question Florida Progress Monitoring and Benchmark Assessments

Name Date Class. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question Florida Progress Monitoring and Benchmark Assessments b e n c h m a r k t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e Multiple Choice 1. Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth s interior by A measuring pressure differences at Earth s surface.

More information

KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum.

KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum. Discusssion / Activity 1 Structure of the Earth Student Name... 1. Outline how we think the Sun & planets formed. The solar system formed from a cloud of gas & dust. Part of the cloud collapsed under gravity

More information

Unit E: Planet Earth. Topic 2: The Rock Cycle and Characteristics of Rocks

Unit E: Planet Earth. Topic 2: The Rock Cycle and Characteristics of Rocks Unit E: Planet Earth Topic 2: The Rock Cycle and Characteristics of Rocks 1 2.1 Three Classes of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic A. How Rocks Are Formed B. Types of Rock 1. All rocks can be

More information

Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion

Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Key Terms Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Plate Tectonics

More information

Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining

Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining Name: Date: Period: Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining Copy of Class Notes at http://feldmannscience.weebly.com Access website by computer or mobile device! Tutoring offered after school

More information

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG)

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) FOSS Soils, Rocks, and Landforms Module Glossary NGSS Edition 2019 abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) acid a substance that geologists use to

More information

Earth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks

Earth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks Name: Date: Earth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 1, pages 56 to 66 2.4: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rock Formation All sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation

More information

Elements Minerals Rock

Elements Minerals Rock Elements Minerals Rock Minerals Naturally occurring Solid Inorganic/Non-living Fixed chemical formula Crystalline structure Identified by hardness characteristic Minerals (examples) Halite(table salt)

More information

Internet Interactive Rock Cycle

Internet Interactive Rock Cycle Internet Interactive Rock Cycle Directions: Go to the website http://www.uky.edu/as/geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module05swf.swf and answer the questions below. Part I: Igneous Rocks (click on Igneous

More information

Ocean Floor. Continental Margins. Divided into 3 major regions. Continental Margins. Ocean Basins. Mid-Ocean Ridges. Include:

Ocean Floor. Continental Margins. Divided into 3 major regions. Continental Margins. Ocean Basins. Mid-Ocean Ridges. Include: Ocean Floor Divided into 3 major regions Continental Margins Ocean Basins Mid-Ocean Ridges Continental Margins Include: Continental Shelves Continental Slopes Continental Rise 1 Continental Shelves Part

More information

ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE!

ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE! ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE! WHAT PROMINENT FEATURE CAN YOU IDENTIFY IN THIS PICTURE? What do you think the different colors represent? Who might find such a picture

More information

Tracking Resources and Estimating Future Supplies

Tracking Resources and Estimating Future Supplies Tracking Resources and Estimating Future Supplies Larry Meinert Mineral Resources Program, USGS Oct. 29, 2013 Pardee P12: Resourcing Future Generations U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

More information

4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals?

4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals? 4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals? mineral A mineral is a natural, nonliving, solid crystal that makes up rocks. All over the world, each

More information

Igneous. Sedimentary Transformation by heat and pressure

Igneous. Sedimentary Transformation by heat and pressure Melting, cooling and hardening Turns you into an Igneous Rock! Limestone A Sedimentary Rock Erosion, deposition and cementation Turns you into a Sedimentary Rock! Transformation by heat and pressure Turns

More information

Grade 8 Science. Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 2

Grade 8 Science. Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 2 Grade 8 Science Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 2 Oceans are important... 1. Primary water source for the water cycle 2. Control weather 3. Support diverse life 4. Provides humans with food, minerals,

More information

Hope Brook gold mine, NL - Copper, then switched to gold

Hope Brook gold mine, NL - Copper, then switched to gold Chapter 12 : Mining in NL Defined as the extraction of valuable minerals from Earth from an ore body, vein, or seam. A mineral is any chemical substance arranged in some crystalline structure. - must have

More information

Question. What caused the recent explosive eruptions of hot ash and gas at Kilauea s Halema uma u crater:

Question. What caused the recent explosive eruptions of hot ash and gas at Kilauea s Halema uma u crater: OCN 201 Deep Sea Sediments Question What caused the recent explosive eruptions of hot ash and gas at Kilauea s Halema uma u crater: A. The interaction of lava with seawater B. Drainage of the lava lake

More information

Rocks & Minerals. Lesson 1 Properties of Minerals. What is a mineral? What is a mineral?

Rocks & Minerals. Lesson 1 Properties of Minerals. What is a mineral? What is a mineral? Rocks & Minerals What is a mineral? A mineral must have 5 specific characteristics to be considered a mineral a. b. c. d. e. Naturally occurring - formed by natural processes. Solid - must have a definite

More information

Version Date 6/26/17. Disciplinary Core Ideas (Framework)

Version Date 6/26/17. Disciplinary Core Ideas (Framework) 1 Earth Is Rock 1 What's the Story of This Place? Students consider the history of Earth and begin to think about rock and landforms as a source of for Earth s past. An Earth tour provides a sense of the

More information

Chapter 2: Physical Geography

Chapter 2: Physical Geography Chapter 2: Physical Geography Pg. 39-68 Learning Goals for Chp2: q q q q q Explain how the Earth moves in space and why seasons change. Outline the factors that influence climate and recognize different

More information

Catastrophic Events Impact on Ecosystems

Catastrophic Events Impact on Ecosystems Catastrophic Events Impact on Ecosystems Hurricanes Hurricanes An intense, rotating oceanic weather system with sustained winds of at least 74 mph and a welldefined eye Conditions for formation: Warm water

More information

Name: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank.

Name: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. Name: Period: _ Date: _ ID: A Unit 7 Practice Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. 1. What term describes the movement of rock

More information

A. IGNEOUS Rocks formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock called magma (within crust or at its surface).

A. IGNEOUS Rocks formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock called magma (within crust or at its surface). EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 5 NOTES KEY How Earth's Rocks Were Formed Early geologists believed that the physical features of the Earth were formed by sudden spectacular events called CATASTROPHES. Modern

More information

EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE

EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE Weathering Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth s surface. weathering process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth

More information

NC Earth Science Essential Standards

NC Earth Science Essential Standards NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.

More information

MILLER/SPOOLMAN 17 TH LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT. Chapter 14 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

MILLER/SPOOLMAN 17 TH LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT. Chapter 14 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources MILLER/SPOOLMAN LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT 17 TH Chapter 14 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Core Case Study: The Real Cost of Gold Gold producers China South Africa Australia United States Canada

More information

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into

More information

Rocks and Weathering

Rocks and Weathering Rocks and Weathering The Effects of Weathering The process of mountain building thrusts rock up to Earth s surface. Weathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth s surface.

More information

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG)

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) FOSS Soils, Rocks, and Landforms Module Glossary 3 rd Edition 2012 abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) acid a substance that geologists use to

More information

Q. How do we know about the Earth s history? A. The ROCKS tell us stories

Q. How do we know about the Earth s history? A. The ROCKS tell us stories Q. How do we know about the Earth s history? A. The ROCKS tell us stories Q. What happened here? Q. What happened here? Q. What happened here? Vocabulary word: Uniformitarianism the scientific rule that

More information

Geology 12 FINAL EXAM PREP. Possible Written Response Exam Questions

Geology 12 FINAL EXAM PREP. Possible Written Response Exam Questions Geology 12 FINAL EXAM PREP Possible Written Response Exam Questions Use this study guide to prepare for the written response portion of the final exam. Name FINAL EXAM - POSSIBLE WRITTEN RESPONSE QUESTIONS

More information

Lecture 26: Marine Geology Read: Chapter 21 Homework due December 3

Lecture 26: Marine Geology Read: Chapter 21 Homework due December 3 Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 26: Marine Geology Read: Chapter 21 Homework due December 3 What we ll learn today:! 1. Describe the world s five oceans! 2. Understand patterns of ocean circulation! 3.

More information

Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks

Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks Chapter 2 Minerals and Rocks 1. I am naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. Who am I? 2. There are five characteristics

More information

Science 8 - Water Systems Test - Chapters 1-2

Science 8 - Water Systems Test - Chapters 1-2 Science 8 - Water Systems Test - Chapters 1-2 Multiple Choice (30 marks) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What percentage represents the amount of fresh

More information

THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH

THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH Key words Drain geological agent weathering erosion Sediment deposition transport The landscape is a consequence of the action of two types of geological processes; internal

More information

Quiz 7 Answers and Explanations

Quiz 7 Answers and Explanations Geography 1000 Physical Geography AJ Allred, Adjunct Fall, 2015 Quiz 7 Answers and Explanations Question 1 Solar forces are always wearing down land forms using which of the following? Carbonic acid that

More information

L wave Lahar Lava Magma

L wave Lahar Lava Magma Very large collapsed volcanic crater, often containing a lake eg. Lake Taupo The process which provides the force to move the tectonic plates Innermost part of the Earth, made of a liquid outer core and

More information

Unit 4 - Water. Earth s Interior. Earth s Interior. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Crust. Mantle. Core.

Unit 4 - Water. Earth s Interior. Earth s Interior. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Crust. Mantle. Core. Unit 4 - Water How did the oceans form? What special adaptations do saltwater organisms have? Where does our water come from? How do humans affect the Earth s water? Crust Rigid outer shell of Earth Oceanic

More information

Lesson 3: Understanding the Properties of Rocks

Lesson 3: Understanding the Properties of Rocks Lesson 3: Understanding the Properties of Rocks 1 Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Magma 2 I. Igneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground. A. Underground, they

More information

Chapter: Earth Materials

Chapter: Earth Materials Table of Contents Chapter: Earth Materials Section 1: Minerals Section 2: Igneous Rocks Section 3: Sedimentary Rocks Section 4: Metamorphic Rocks and the Rock Cycle 1 Minerals Common Elements Composition

More information

Natural Resources. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Please finish assignments. Any Questions? Class April 2004

Natural Resources. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Please finish assignments. Any Questions? Class April 2004 Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 27 20 April 2004 Please finish assignments HW #7 You may turn it in Thursday in class. I will not accept it after that. All Virtual Field Trip quizzes. I will accept

More information

UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS WHAT ARE SEDIMENTS Sediments are loose Earth materials (unconsolidated materials) such as sand which are transported by the action of water, wind, glacial ice and gravity. These

More information

What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter.

What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter. What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter. What is a Rock? Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they were formed: IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC

More information

CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST GRADE 5 SCIENCE (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/02)

CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST GRADE 5 SCIENCE (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/02) CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 0/02) Physical Sciences 8 30 Physical Sciences Grade 5. Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of

More information

CASE STUDY: GOLD MINING

CASE STUDY: GOLD MINING CHAPTER 14: GEOLOGY AND NONRENEWABLE MINERALS APES 2013 1 CASE STUDY: GOLD MINING Top gold producers: South Africa, Australia, United States, and Canada Rock Removal - 5.5 metric tons (6 tons) of mineral

More information

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BASICS Biogeochemical Cycle: The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components, or reservoirs, of Earth s system (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere)

More information

I. Uniformitarianism- James Hutton s 2-part theory states: A. The geologic processes now at work were also active in the past B. The present physical

I. Uniformitarianism- James Hutton s 2-part theory states: A. The geologic processes now at work were also active in the past B. The present physical How Earth s Rocks Were Formed I. Uniformitarianism- James Hutton s 2-part theory states: A. The geologic processes now at work were also active in the past B. The present physical features of Earth were

More information

The Cycling of Matter. Day 1

The Cycling of Matter. Day 1 The Cycling of Matter Day 1 Objective I will learn the rock cycle is the series of processes in which rock changes from one form to another. I will learn in the water cycle, water condenses, precipitates

More information

A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter

A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter Rocks are classified by how they are formed, their composition, and texture Rocks change over time through the rock

More information

CH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS:

CH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: OBJECTIVES: CH 4- MINERALS Identify characteristics and formations of minerals Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: MINERAL: WHAT IS A MINERAL? A naturally occurring Inorganic Solid

More information

Tips for Success on a Test

Tips for Success on a Test Number of Incorrect: Final Grade: Parent Signature: Top Tips for Success on a Test 1. Read the following statements at least two times. 2. Circle the key words in each question/ or statement. (*Remember

More information

Weathering of Rocks. Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks

Weathering of Rocks. Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks Weathering of Rocks Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks Mechanical weathering requires physical forces to break rocks into smaller pieces. Chemical

More information

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth

More information

Energy and Mineral Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources 1 Energy and Mineral Resources 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Earth 9 th Edition Chapter 23 Energy & Mineral Resources: summary in haiku form Petroleum, gas, coal, uranium, et al. There's

More information

GO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1.

GO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1. d i a g n o s t i c t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e question 1. 1. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth s layers? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B mantle,

More information

Sediment and Sedimentary rock

Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces

More information

Earth and Space Science. Semester 2 Review, Part 2

Earth and Space Science. Semester 2 Review, Part 2 Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Review, Part 2 2015 Chemical Weathering -The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. Examples that cause chemical weathering include the action of water

More information