MAPPING OF OCEAN ENERGY IN INDONESIA
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1 MAPPING OF OCEAN ENERGY IN INDONESIA Susilohadi Marine Geological Institute/MGI (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan) Jalan Dr. Junjunan 236 BANDUNG 174, INDONESIA Ph , Fax Web Site: Workshop: Jalan Kalijaga 1 Cirebon
2 00:47:48 I. Introduction II. Legal Status of Ocean Renewable Energy Mapping III. Highlight of some Ocean Current Mapping Results IV. Closing Remarks
3 00:47:48 INTRODUCTION Presidential Regulation no. 5/06: NRE has to contribute 17% of national energy mix by 25. NRE relies mostly on geothermal energy. The capacity of ocean energy to contribute the NRE energy mix has been recognized in the National Energy Law no. /07. Gas % Oil % Coal 33% Bio Fuels 5% Geothermal 5% Coal 2% Other 5% Hydro 2,61% Wind 0,01% Fuel Cell 0,00% Biomass 0,7417% Nuclear 1,32% Ocean renewable energy is primarily based on waves, (tidal) currents and ocean thermal. Since then the national capacity to explore ocean energy and to develop the suitable technology have been enhanced significantly. Marine Geological Institute (MGI) has taken place in the mapping of national ocean energy, particularly ocean current. However, since by rule only MGI that doing routine exploration, mapping of ocean energy in the coming years will not be limited only on ocean current.
4 00:47:48 CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA Field ocean wave mapping has not been in an attention Mapping of area where ocean wave is significant has been based on modeling of gridded binary satellite data Modeling softwares: Windwaves 05 (BMKG/ITS); Numerical model resulting Hs and Tp (ITB)
5 WAVE HEIGHT MODELING Significant wave (wind driven) based on gridded binary satellite data Modelling software: Windwaves 05 (Eko Prasetyo, 11)
6 WAVE HEIGHT MODELING (Eko Prasetyo, 11)
7 Potential Area of Wave Energy Area of Hs >2 & Tp = 9.5 sec. in Indonesian waters (Firdaus et al., 11)
8 00:47:48 CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA CTD measurements mostly carried out by scientific institutes in relation to the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Climatic studies, such as: Arlindo-Mixing Cruise ( ) INSTANT Program-Indomix Cruise (06 & ) INDEX/SATAL Sonne Cruise SO-217 (11).
9 00:47:48 CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA Sonne Cruise SO-217 tracklines, stations and CTD results (Kuhnt, et al., 11)
10 00:47:48 CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA Ocean Current Energy Mapping has been conducted by MGI since 06. Field measurements are mostly of short period (15 days) and concentrated in the narrow strait between Lesser Sunda islands, Raja Ampat, and Sunda Strait. The measurements result in the characterization of the currents, such as: three dimensional variation of speed & direction, duration and its relationship to local tides. Modeling on those data is now in progress in order to calculate power density flux.
11 Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) Indonesian throughflow pathways and estimates of total volume transport (in Sv = 6 m3/sec). ITF is an ocean current with importance for global climate since it provides a lowlatitude pathway for warm, fresh water to move from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean through the western route of the Makassar Strait to either directly exit through the Lombok Strait or flow eastward into the Banda Sea (Gordon, 05).
12 Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) Trajectories of satellite-track drift buoys from the Global Drifter Program (8/1988-6/07). The trajectories show that a current intrudes into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait and forms a throughflow branch toward the Karimata Strait. The total number of drifters through the Karimata Strait is higher than those that pass through the main ITF path of Makassar Strait. (Drifter Data Assembly Center at NOAA/AOML; Susanto, et al., )
13 MGI OCEAN CURRENT MAPPING SELAT SUNDA (12) RAJA AMPAT (13) SELAT BOLENG (12)
14
15 Strait water depth : - Within strait < 90 m - South of strait > 90 m Strait width : - Northern 6 7 m - Middle 12 m - Southern m
16
17 m SE NW Vertical profile
18 Larantuka Strait Simulated flux density during spring-flood tide at depth of m (Juventus in Yuningsih, et al., 09) Simulated flux density during spring-ebb tide at depth of m (Juventus in Yuningsih, et al., 09)
19 Lombok Strait Simulated flux density during spring-flood tide at depth of m (Hadi, 06) Simulated flux density during spring-ebb tide at depth of m (Hadi, 06)
20 Alas Strait Simulated flux density during spring-flood tide at depth of m (Huda, 06) Simulated flux density during spring-ebb tide at depth of m (Huda, 06)
21 00:47:48 Ocean Current in Sunda Strait
22 Ocean Current in Sunda Strait 04:00
23 DURING NEAP TIDE Current velocity: - average = 0.94 m/sec. - maximum = 2.52 m/sec (occurs 9 hrs prior to flood).
24 DURING NEAP TIDE Current velocity: - average = 1.38 m/sec. - maximum = 1.99 m/sec (occurs 2 hrs after lowest ebb).
25 DURING SPRING TIDE Current velocity: - average = 1.38 m/sec. - maximum = 3.97 m/sec (occurs 6 hrs after highest flood).
26 DURING SPRING TIDE Current velocity: - average = 1.36 m/sec. - maximum = 4.59 m/sec (occurs 3 hrs prior to lowest ebb).
27 Bathymetric Map of Mansuar Strait, Raja Ampat Lokasi penelitian 131 ' 53" Weigeo 131 ' 53" -0 52' 55" 1 0' 28" 0 5' 4" 1 0' 28" -0 52' 55" PETA INDEKS 0 5' 4" 1 41' ' 24" 1 41' 19.19" -0 36' 45" 1 ' 4" -0 ' 24" -0 36' 45" 1 ' 4" SELAT DAMPIER P. MANSUAR KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN GEOLOGI KELAUTAN Digambar oleh Disyahkan oleh Diperiksa oleh Mira Yosi, M. Si PETA BATIMETRI DI PERAIRAN Navigator Penyusun Pengamat : Kontur batimetri interval 5 meter : Ibukota Kabupaten/Kecamatan : Sungai : Jalan KETERANGAN : 4 KM Ocean Current in Raja Ampat Islands
28 Reference cm/sec Velocity cm/sec Ocean current vectors at water depth of 1 24 m from Sawinggrai Village
29 00:47: MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS Ocean Thermal Mapping: Collecting CTD data of previous expedition into a single data base Setting up CTD measurements as a routine task within systematic marine geological and geophysical mapping programs Begin applying of seismic oceanography methodology on already acquired multichannel seismic data Setting up paleoclimatic/oceanographic research collaborations with Indonesian Agency for Marine & Fisheries and FIO (China), French-Legos Ocean Current Mapping: Field mapping focuses Natuna islands and northern Sulawesi. To issue the first edition of Ocean Current Energy Map (December 13).
30 00:47: MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS SEISMIC OCEANOGRAPHY: A new cross discipline between oceanography and seismology Application of multichannel seismic reflection method to the investigation of thermohaline fine structures of the ocean. Since MGI has acquired significant amounts of multichannel seismic reflection data, particularly in eastern Indonesia. It is expected that new methodology applied to those seismic data will result in comprehensive understanding of thermohaline structure of Indonesian waters (in addition to the field measurements of CTD).
31 00:47: MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS
32 9/23/13
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