The observation of the Pacific-Indian Ocean transport and its South China Sea branch

Transcription

1 The observation of the Pacific-Indian Ocean transport and its South China Sea branch Shujiang Li 1, Zexun Wei 1, Guohong Fang 1, Budi Sulistiyo 2, R. Dwi Susanto 3, Agus Setiawan 2 1. First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, China 2. Agency for Marine & Fisheries Research and Development, MMAF, Indonesia 3. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA

2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Past & on going Observation 3. SITE program and some results

3 1. Introduction Global Great Ocean Conveyor and Pacific-to-Indian-Ocean Transport Green arrow in the South China Sea shows possible branch of the Pacific-to-Indian-Ocean Transport suggested by Fang et al., 2005.

4 Wyrtki s (1961) early study Wyrtki s circulation patterns in winter (Feb) and summer (Aug), which are mainly based on ship drift data.

5 Branch of Pacific-to-Indian Ocean throughflow proposed by Fang et al. 2002, Feb Aug Steamfunction from a variable-grid global ocean model (Fang et al., 2002)

6 25 O N 20 O N 15 O N 10 O N 5 O N 0 O N 5 O SN 10 O SN 15 O SN 100 O E 105 O E 110 O E 115 O E 120 O E 125 O E the updated trajectories of drifters from Fang et al., 2005 Note: all drifters that enter the SCS are present in winter.

7 South China Sea Troughflow (SCSTF) proposed by Qu et al. (2005), Wang et al. (2006) A diagram showing Interaction between SCSTF and ITF (Qu et al., 2005)

8 2. Past & On Going Observations CHINA 15 VIETNAM BPIOT GDCC SCSWC Taiwan KS LG Luzon BPIOT NEC 10 NG MC Mindanao ME 5 Malay Pen. BPIOT NECC HE 0-5 Sumatra KSTF Kalimantan MSTF Sulawesi NGCUC New Guinea Java -10 SEC a AUSTRALIA

9 Arlindo Mixing & Circulation , USA-Indonesia Arlindo Mixing (Aug 1993 and Feb 1994) Arlindo Circulation (20 Nov-15 Dec 1996 and 17 Feb-7 Mar 1998) Arlindo Monitoring (1998 to 2007)

10 INSTANT: International Nusantara Stratification And Transport Five nations are participating in INSTANT: Indonesia, France, the Netherlands, the USA and Australia.

11 3. SITE program and some results China-Indonesia-US Collaborative Program: The South China Sea Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange (SITE) and Impacts on Seasonal Fish Migration was established in 2006 by First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), China, Agency for Marine & Fisheries Research (AMFR), Indonesia Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), USA. The program outlines an effort to measure the magnitude and variability of the water mass transport/exchange, temperature, salinity, and heat flux between the Indonesia Seas and South China Sea. Now, the collaborative research has been extended from the Karimata Strait to the Sunda and Lombok Straits. The observation in South China Sea branch

12 Instruments: Trawl-Resistant Bottom Mount system (TRBM)

13 Releaser Buoy ADCP Beacon CTD Battery house Tide recorder

14 The deploy and recover Deploy Recover

15 Progress of SITE observation Research vessel Research area Since December 2007, we have conducted the field work for three Phases, and have carried out 13 joint research cruises in the Karimata and Sunda Straits. The field work of the Phase I and II has been completed from 2007 to From 2012, we start to carry out the work of the Phase III.

16 General Information of SITE Cruises Phase Cruise num. Date Research Vessel Study area Baruna Jaya IV Karimata Strait I Baruna Jaya I Karimata Strait Baruna Jaya I Karimata Strait Baruna Jaya III Karimata Strait Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait GeoMarine III Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait II GeoMarine III Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait Baruna Jaya III Sunda Strait Madidihang 03 Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait III Baruna Jaya III Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait

17 Deploy

18 TRBM in the seabed

19 Recover

20 Some results from SITE Time series of the sub-tidal (25-hour mean) currents in winter 2007/2008 From Fang et al., 2010, JGR

21 velocity Observed along-channel velocity, temperature and salinity in winter 2007/2008. The recovered current, temperature and salinity data show southward transports of 3.6 Sv for volume 0.36 PW for heat 0.14 Sv for freshwater temperature salinity

22 Time series of the vertically averaged along-channel velocity at station A2 from Dec 2007 to Nov 2008 Inferred annual mean volume transport is ~0.8 Sv, southward.

23 Observation is still on going Karimata Strait Lombok Strait

24 Thanks!