Applied mineralogy and non-metallic resources I
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1 Angewandte Mineralogie und nichtmetallische Rohstoffe: Nutzung und Umweltaspekte I L Herbstsemester 2015 Applied mineralogy and non-metallic resources I December, 3 th, 2015 Calcium carbonate chalk, limestone, marble Rainer Kündig, Christoph Bühler Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission ETH-Zürich, NO F Zürich from: Calciumcarbonat e, F.W. Tegethoff (Hrsg.), 2001
2 Bulk materials in Switzerland (incl. gypsum and salt as industrial minerals) Quelle: Rohstoffsicherungskonzept Schweiz, 2015, in Vorbereitung Quarries Raw material resources actual conflicts... (CH) aus: Die mineralischen Rohstoffe der Schweiz, SGTK 1997
3 Calcium carbonate in rocks formation Chalk Kreide biogenic (sedimentary) soft mud shells of microscopic single-celled organisms, which was formed in offshore seas approx. 1/2 mm of carbonate shells or carbonate fragments are deposited per year on the seafloor (1 My = 500 m) pressure and dehydration control solidification of the sludge to chalk (diagenesis) period of main formation: cretaceous ( My b.p.)
4 Calcium carbonate in rocks formation Limestone: anorganic or biogenic (sedimentary) either formed by chemical precipitation of dissolved Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 in water evaporites or formed by biogenic precipitation as a result of the activity of living organisms photosynthesis, metabolism calcareous rock can be eroded, transported and deposited as clastic sedimentary rocks elsewhere deposition on seafloor (above CCD) and compaction due to overburden load diagenesis Calcium carbonate in rocks formation Marble formed by metamorphic transformation of calcareous rocks under high pressures andtemperatures due to high sedimentoverburden or tectonic processes (regional metamorphism) or by heating in contactwith molten rock (contact metamorphism) usually very pure and medium-to coarse-crystalline (individual crystals are visible to the eye)
5 Calcium carbonate rock cycle calcium carbonate extraction quarries, open pit and mining
6 Calcium carbonate Dimension stone, limestone, filler, binding material (burnt lime, lime hydrate) Kalkfabrik Netstal (GL): Die mineralischen Rohstoffe der Schweiz, SGTK 1997 A tribute to Urs Furrer (Artist) Burnt lime (Branntkalk; Kalkbrand) an artistic approach witha portion of «applied mineralogy»...
7 Calcium carbonate minerals important group of rock forming minerals Calcite, CaCO3 crystallographic system: trigonal hardness 3;; density 2,6 2,8 cleavability: perfect Aragonite, CaCO3 crystallographic system: rhombic hardness 3,5 4;; density 2,9 3 cleavability: imperfect Dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2 crystallographic system: trigonal hardness 3.5 4;; density 2,8 2,9 cleavability: perfect Calcium carbonate range of application coarse fine Quelle: Calciumcarbonat (F.W. Tegethoff, Hrsg), Birkhäuser, 2001
8 Calcium carbonate Industry
9 Omya Company Profile World-wide producer of industrial minerals derived from Calcium Carbonate, Talc and Dolomite Global marketing and sales activities to a broad range of industry segments (Paper, Plastics, Paints, Construction, Life Science, Agriculture, ) Distributor of related third party chemicals and minerals World s largest supplier of CaCO3 Market leader in coating and filler products to the paper and board industries as well as polymer and coating industries This document contains proprietary information which shall not be used and disclosed without Omya explicit written authorization. Calcium carbonate range of application agriculture fertilizer, animal feed, deacidification (soils, forest, water),
10 Calcium carbonate industrial use market share and segments particle size Quelle: Calciumcarbonat e, F.W. Tegethoff (Hrsg.), 2001 Calcium carbonate application Paper industry: filler & pigments unbehandelte Papier-Ao gestrichene Papier-Ao Quelle: Calciumcarbonat, F.W. Tegethoff (Hrsg.), 2001
11 Fillers: functional properties (Calcium carbonate characteristics) GCC & PCC (Ground & Precipitated Calcium Carbonate vs Kaolin & Talc) GCC S-PCC R-PCC Kaolin Tal c GCC Kaolin Talk ISO-Weisse [%] Brechungsindex ph-wert Abrasion [mg] Ao-Energie [J/m 2 ] Quelle: Calciumcarbon at, F.W. Tegethof f, 2001 common fillers;; SEM pictures a) GCC b) S-PCC (s = scalenohedral) c) R-PCC (r = rhombohedral) d) Kaolin e) Talc
12 Calcium carbonate slurries View of a flotationhall (Omya) Transportation (challenge) from: Calciumcarbonat, F.W. Tegethoff (Hrsg.), with orwithout you...
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