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2 Rock Definition Naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids is called rock. Such as quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. There are basically three types of rocks- 1-Igneous Rock Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Example-andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria, and tuf.

3 Intrusive igneous rock-intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below Earth's surface and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form. Examples of intrusive igneous rocks are diorite, gabbro, granite, pegmatite and peridotite. Extrusive igneous rock -Extrusive igneous rocks erupt onto the surface where they cool quickly to form small crystals. Examples- Andesite,Basalt, Obsidian and Granite.

4 2-Sedimentry Rock Transformation of a pre-existing rock. The original rock is subjected to very high heat and pressure, which cause obvious physical or chemical changes. Examples of these rock types include marble, slate, gneiss, schist. 3-Metamorphic Rock Transformation of a pre-existing rock by obvious physical or chemical changes to very high heat and pressure. Examples- marble, slate, gneiss, schist, chalk, and quartazite.

5 How rocks transformed

6 FORMATION OF ROCKS Igneous Rocks Rock Besalt Besalt Granite transformed to Metamorphic Sist Amphibolighte Nice Sedimentary Rock,, Metamorphic Rock Shale Lime stone Chalk and Dolomite Sand stone Quartazite Slate Marbale Marbale Metamorphic Rock,, Metamorphic Rock

7 Slate Phylite Gabro Fylite Silt Sarpentine QUESTION NO-1-Rocks are broken up into three major groups: A: magma, metamorphic, and minerals B: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary C: sedimentary, sand, and igneous D: sand, mud, and silt QUESTION NO-2-Rocks that come out of volcanoes form the greater part of the Earth's crust. These rocks are: A: igneous rocks B: basalt C: metamorphic rocks D: granite QUESTION NO-3-From deep within the earth molten magma bubbles up, heating rocks t hat surround it. This process turns igneous and sedimentary rocks: A: gneiss B: slate C: marble D: metamorphic rocks QUESTION NO-4-This is the name of the solid rock beneath the soil: A: extrusive rock B: limestone C: bedrock D: granite

8 QUESTION NO-5-Mud, silt, and sand are all: A: glassy B: sediments C: fossil fuels D: in clouds that come out of volcanoes QUESTION NO-6-Coal is a sedimentary rock made up of organic matter that has become solid. Unlike limestone, coal is made up of: A: plant fossils B: shells C: insects D: dinosaurs QUESTION NO-7-You can group igneous rocks by the sizes of grains in them. Coarse grained rocks are and fine grained rocks are. A: intrusive; extrusive B: crystals; minerals C: volcanic; metamorphic D: intrusive; only made of silica QUESTION NO-8-Diamonds, like many rocks that come from natural resources, are made of compressed: A: quartz B: aluminium C: carbon D: kimberlitic QUESTION NO-9-What do all rocks have in common? A: same size B: same colour C: they all have minerals D: same shape

9 QUESTION NO-10-What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? A: A mineral is more valuable B: A rock is made of minerals C: A rock is prettier D: A and B QUESTION NO-11-Minerals have different properties that help scientists identify them. Which is not a property used to identify minerals? A: colour B: hardness C: size D: lustre QUESTION NO-12-Which rock forms from melted rock - either from magma below Earth's crust of from lava above it? A: Sedimentary B: Igneous C: Metamorphic D: aluminium QUESTION NO-13- Which of the following is true about rocks? A. Rocks are composed of only one mineral. B. Rocks do not contain minerals. C. Coal is not considered a rock. D. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals. QUESTION NO-14- Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Magma D. Metamorphic

10 QUESTION NO-15- Metamorphic rock forms as a result of A. Heat and pressure B. The cooling of magma C. Compaction of sediments D. The melting of rock QUESTION NO-16- A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface is called an A. Intrusive metamorphic rock. B. Intrusive igneous rock. C. Extrusive sedimentary rock. D. Extrusive igneous rock. QUESTION NO-17-Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous rock? A. Basalt B. Coal C. Sandstone D. Granite QUESTION NO-18- Lava that cools so quickly that crystals do not have time to form will lead to igneous rocks with a A. Porphyritic texture. B. Coarse-grained texture. C. Glassy texture. D. Fine-grained texture. QUESTION NO-19- Which of the following represent the correct order of the processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks? A. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition B. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion C. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

11 QUESTION NO-20- Fossils are found only in A. Intrusive igneous rocks. B. Extrusive igneous rocks. C. Sedimentary rocks. D. Metamorphic rocks. ANSWER KEY: 1-B 2-A 3-C 4-A 5-B 6-A 7-A 8-C 9-C 10-D 11-C 12-B 13-D 14-C 15-A 16-D 17-A 18-C 19-D 20-C