8 th Earth Science Chapter 4 Rocks Name Section 1 The Rock Cycle:

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1 8 th Earth Science Chapter 4 Rocks Name Section 1 The Rock Cycle: Most rock used for stone contains one or more common minerals, called rock-forming minerals, such as, feldspar,, or. When you look closely, the you see are individual of minerals. Rock: Rock Cycle: The rock cycle shows the three types of rock,, and and the processes that them. Rocks by many processes. For example, a sedimentary rock can change by and to form a rock. The metamorphic rock then can and later to form an rock. The igneous rock then could be broken into by and away. The fragments might later and together to form another rock. Any given rock can change into of the major rock types. A rock even can transform into another rock of the same. The rock cycle shows how rock can be to small rock and mineral. This material then can be and carried away by, water, or. This illustrates the principle of of. The changes that take place in the rock cycle never or matter. The elements are just in other forms. Draw the rock cycle diagram:

2 Section 2 Igneous Rock: When some erupt, they eject a flow of rock material. Molten rock material, called, flows when it is and becomes when it cools. Igneous Rock: Most magmas come from deep Earth s surface. Magma is located at depths ranging from the surface to about km below the surface. Temperatures of magmas range from about to C, depending on their compositions and exerted on them. The heat that melts rocks comes from sources within Earth s. One source is the of elements within Earth. Some heat is left over from the of the planet, which originally was. Radioactive of elements contained in rocks some heat as Earth continues to cool. Because magma is dense than surrounding solid rock, it is forced toward the. Lava: As magma, atoms and compounds in the liquid themselves into new crystals called. Rocks form as these mineral grains grow. Rocks that form from magma the surface are called rocks. igneous rocks are formed as lava cools the of Earth. When lava flows on the surface, it is exposed to and water, and cools under these conditions. The quick cooling rate keeps mineral grains from growing, because the atoms in the liquid have the to arrange into crystals., obsidian, and are examples of volcanic. These rocks cooled so quickly that or mineral grains formed. Most of the atoms in these rocks are arranged in orderly patterns, and crystals are present. In the case of pumice and, gases become in the gooey molten material as it. are left behind where the rock formed around the of gas.

3 Igneous rocks are or depending on how they are formed. A way to further classify these rocks is by the from which they. An igneous rock can form from,, or magma. The type of magma that cools to form an igneous rock determines important and properties of that rock. These include mineral, density,, and temperature. igneous rocks are dense, -colored rocks. They form from magma that is rich in and and poor in, which is the compound SiO 2. The presence of iron and magnesium in minerals in basalt gives basalt its color. Basaltic lava is and flows from volcanoes in, such as. igneous rocks are -colored rocks of density than basaltic rocks. Granitic magma is and and contains lots of but lesser amounts of and magnesium. igneous rocks have mineral compositions those of basaltic and granitic rocks. Many volcanoes around the of the Ocean formed from andesitic magmas. Like volcanoes that erupt magma, these volcanoes also can erupt. Section 3 Metamorphic Rock: Metamorphic Rock: Changes that occur can be in the of the rock, the of the rock, or. Metamorphic rocks can form from, sedimentary, or other rocks. Rocks beneath Earth s surface are under great from rock layers them. also increases with in Earth. In some places, the heat and pressure are just right to cause rocks to and to form. In other areas where melting doesn t occur, some grains can change by and especially in the presence of.

4 Sometimes, under these conditions, minerals with surrounding minerals and, minerals form. Depending upon the amount of and applied, one type of rock can change into different metamorphic rocks. Each type of metamorphic rock can come from several kinds of. The sedimentary rock will change into slate. As increasing pressure and temperature are applied, the slate can change into, then, and eventually. Schist also can form when is metamorphosed, or changed, and can come from granite., which are mostly water with dissolved and, can react with a rock and change its, especially when hot. That s what happens when rock surrounding a hot body reacts with these fluids. Most fluids that rocks during metamorphic processes are and mainly are comprised of and. In the presence of hot, water-rich, solid rock can change in mineral without having to. Metamorphic rocks form from igneous,, or other rocks., pressure, and hot trigger the changes. Each resulting rock can be classified according to its and. When mineral grains line up in layers, the metamorphic rock is said to have a texture. Two examples of foliated rocks are and. Slate forms from the sedimentary rock. The minerals in slate are together so tightly that water pass between them easily. Because it s watertight, slate is ideal for around pools and. The naturally nature of slate and the fact that it easily makes it useful for and many surfaces., another foliated rock, forms when and other rocks are changed. Foliation in gneiss shows up as alternating and bands. Movement of has separated the dark minerals, such as, from the light minerals, which are mainly and.

5 In some metamorphic rocks, layering occur. The mineral grains and rearrange, but they don t form. This process produces a texture. is a sedimentary rock that s often composed mostly of grains. When sandstone is under a lot of, the grains of quartz in size and become, like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. The resulting rock is called. is another nonfoliated metamorphic rock. Marble forms from the sedimentary rock, which is composed of the mineral. Usually, marble contains other minerals besides calcite. and give marble a black or tone, whereas hematite makes it. Marble is a popular material for artists to sculpt because it is not as as other rocks. Section 4 Sedimentary Rocks: rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist the surface you might not have seen too many of them. percent of the rocks exposed at the are rocks. Sediments: Sedimentary Rock: Sedimentary rocks often form as. The older layers are on the because they were deposited first. Sometimes, within Earth layers of rock, and the oldest are no longer on the. Sedimentary rocks can be made of just about any found in. Sediments come from and igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Sediments also come from the of some organisms. The of a sedimentary rock depends upon the composition of the from which it formed.

6 Like igneous and metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks are classified by their and by the in which they formed. Sedimentary rocks usually are classified as,, or. The word comes from the Latin word detritus, which means to away. sedimentary rocks are made from the broken of other rocks. When rock is exposed to, water, or, it breaks down and. This process, which breaks rocks into smaller pieces, is called. These pieces are classified by. The movement of weathered material is called. Where sediments are, layer upon layer builds up. from the upper layers pushes down on the lower layers. If the sediments are, they can stick together and form rock. This process is called. If sediments are, like sand and pebbles, alone can t make then stick together. Large sediments have to be together. As moves through soil and rock, it picks up materials released from during. The resulting of water and dissolved materials moves through spaces between sediments. occurs when minerals such as, calcite, and are deposited between the pieces of sediment. These minerals, acting as natural, hold the sediment together like, making a sedimentary rock. Detrital rocks have textures, much like granulated sugar. They are named according to the and of the sediments that form them. and both form from large sediments. If the sediments are, the rock is called. If the sediments have sharp, the rock is called. The roundness of sediment particles depends on how far they have been moved by or. The gravel-sized sediments in conglomerate and can consist of any type of rock or mineral, including, feldspar,, granite, or. The cement that holds the sediments together usually is made of or. is made of gravel and sand grains that have been together. Although the structure is similar to that of occurring conglomerate, it be considered a rock.

7 Sandstone is formed from particles than conglomerates and breccias. is similar to sandstone except it is made of smaller, -sized particles. is a detrital sedimentary rock that is made mainly of -sized particles. sedimentary rocks form when dissolved come out of solution. Minerals collect when or lakes. The of minerals that come out of solution form and. Chemical sedimentary rocks are made from pieces of rocks. carbonate is carried in in ocean water. When calcium carbonate ( ) comes out of solution as and its many grow together, forms. Limestone also can contain other and sediments, but it must be at least percent calcite. Limestone usually is deposited on the bottom of or shallow. When water that is rich in dissolved evaporates, it often deposits the mineral. Halite forms. Rock salt deposits can range in thickness from a meters to more than m. Companies these deposits because rock salt is an important. Rocks made of the remains of -living things are called sedimentary rocks. One of the most common organic sedimentary rocks is -rich. Like limestone, -rich limestone is made of the mineral. Animals such as, clams,, and snails make their shells from CaCO 3 that eventually becomes calcite. When they die, their accumulate on the ocean floor. If a rock is made completely of shell that you can, the rock is called. is another organic sedimentary rock that is made of microscopic. When you write with occurring chalk, you re and smearing the calcite-shell remains of - ocean organisms. Another useful organic sedimentary rock is. Coal forms when pieces of dead are buried under other sediments in. These materials are changed by.

Rocks. Section 1:Igneous Rocks. Section 2:Sedimentary Rocks. Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks. Section 4: The Rock Cycle

Rocks. Section 1:Igneous Rocks. Section 2:Sedimentary Rocks. Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks. Section 4: The Rock Cycle Rocks Section 1:Igneous Rocks Section 2:Sedimentary Rocks Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks Section 4: The Rock Cycle BILL NYE ROCKS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvd- SPZLh5s What is a rock? Common Rocks