A Sedimentary Rock is..

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1 Sedimentary Rocks

2 A Sedimentary Rock is.. rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of: 1. Minerals in solution 2. Organic remains 3. Materials produced by living things (biochemical) 4. Clastic Sediments (rock fragments of all sizes)

3 Lithification-to harden and form rock (Deposition, Compaction, Cementation)

4 Silica Crystals

5 Crystallization- Solidification of dissolved minerals from solution.

6 Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic-Made of fragments of other rocks. Chemical-Made from dissolved minerals. Biochemical-Made by living things, but was never alive (seashells). Organic-Made of the organic remains of living things.

7 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks- Gravel Conglomerate

8 Conglomerate from gravel Clastic Sedimentary Rocks from mud from sand

9 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks- Gypsum

10 Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks- Biochemical Limestone

11 Swamp Organic Sedimentary Rocks- Coal

12 Sediment- Rock fragments, dissolved minerals and remains of living and nonliving parts of plants and animals.

13 Clastic Sediments- Fragments of pre-existing rock.

14 Sediments from here

15 Sand Bar

16 Alluvial Fan

17 Gravel Bar

18 Tallus Pile

19

20 Glacial Sediment

21 Glacial Till

22 Chemical Sediments- Minerals in solution in water.

23

24

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28 Biochemical Sediments- Nonliving remains of plants and animals.

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30

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33 Organic Sediments-remains of the living tissues of plants and animals.

34 Peat- Plant remains

35

36 Sedimentary Rocks are identified by their horizontal layers called.

37

38

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40 Sediment Classification I Sediments Are Classified Based On: 1. Origin and Composition (What they are made of).

41 Rock Fragments

42 Organic Remains

43 Biochemical Remains

44 Chemical Sediments

45 Sediment Classification II 2. Size of the sediment (clastic sediments range in size from clay to boulders)

46 B o u l d e r s

47

48

49 Cobbles

50 Cobble Stones

51 Gravel

52 Pebbles

53 S a n d

54 Silt

55 Clay Sediments

56 Sediment Production Sediments are produced by: by: Weathering (breaking down) and Erosion (transport) of Parent material Chemical and Physical Processes.

57 Weathering by wind-blown sand (Physical weathering)

58

59 Weathering and Erosion by Glacier (physical)

60

61 Glacier Scrapes

62 Weathering by Ice Wedging (Physical)

63

64 Exfoliation (Physical)

65

66 Weathering by Living Things (Biomechanical/Physical)

67 Chemical Weathering by water

68 Chemical Weathering of Limestone

69 Weathering by Living Things (Biochemical)

70 Sediment Transport Sediments are transported from: by: Source to Location of Deposition Wind, Water, Gravity, Ice and Volcanic- Eruption

71 Transport Mechanisms

72 Wind

73 Water

74 Ice

75 Gravity

76 Volcanic Eruption

77 Sediment Characteristics Determined by: Extent of Weathering Duration of Weathering Type of Transport Distance of Transport

78 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Classification Clastic Sedimentary rocks are classified based upon: Grain Size Grain Shape

79 Grain Size

80 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Classification: Grain Shape

81 Jagged Clastic Sediments

82

83 Conglomerate

84 How Sedimentary Rocks are Formed

85 Step 1: Sediment Production Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Biomechanical Weathering Biochemical Weathering

86 Step 2: Sediment Transport Wind Water Glaciers Gravity Volcanic Eruption

87 Shaping of Sediments

88 Step 4: Sorting of Clastic Sediments

89 Sorting of Sediments Sediments are Sorted by their Transport Agents According to: S I z e of the Sediment

90 Sorting of Sediments Very Poorly Sorted Very Well Sorted

91

92

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94 Poorly Sorted Clastic Sediments

95 Sorting of Sediments: Glaciers

96

97

98

99 Step 5:Lithification: Deposition Deposition (to lay down) happens when: -the Transport Agent no longer has the energy/force required to carry the Sediment Determined by: -Size/Weight of Sediments -Amount of Energy/Force in Transport Agent

100 Step 6: Lithification: Compaction

101 Step 7: Lithification: Cementation

102 Conglomerates, Sandstone and Shale

103 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Particle Size and Shape The name of a Clastic Sedimentary Rock is determined by the size and shape of the sediments that make up the rock.

104 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Sediment Particle Size Gravel Sand Silt Clay Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Shale

105 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone Siltstone Mudstone

106

107 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Mudstone and Siltstone Arkose

108

109 Sedimentary Rocks of Chemical Origin

110 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Precipitation and Evaporation

111 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites Gypsum Halite

112 Travertine Stalactites

113 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites Salt Flats

114 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Carbonates The Carbonate Sedimenatary Rocks are composed of mostly Calcium Carbonate. The Carbonates are divided into: Inorganic Carbonates And Biochemical Carbonates (contains remains of living things)

115 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates Travertine

116 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates

117 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates Travertine

118 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates

119 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonate Travertine

120 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates Inorganic Limestone

121 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Silica-based Sedimentary Rocks Chert (Flint) Nodules

122 Geodes

123

124 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Stromatolitic Limestone Biochemical Limestone

125 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Biochemical Limestone

126 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Coquina Chalk

127

128

129 Chalk Cliffs

130 Sedimentary Rocks of Organic Origin

131 Organic Sedimentary Rocks: Coal

132 Sedimentary Formations

133 Stratification

134

135 Graded Bedding

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137 Cross-Bedding Bedding Planes not Parallel

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143 Ripple Marks Beach River

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150 M u d c r a c k s

151 Mud Cracks

152

153 Fossils

154 Fossils: Molds

155 Fossils: Casts

156

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