Manitoulin Geology, People, and Plants
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1 Manitoulin Geology, People, and Plants Friends of Misery Bay, Manitoulin Island, August 14, 2011 Andy Fyon, Ontario Geological Survey, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
2 Not horticulturist or biologist. Not expert on alvar flora. Flowering plants: hobby Prefer not to discuss medicinal or culinary uses of plants Tell a Story Don't have all the answers. Lots of questions try together.
3 If the Power Goes Out Please Remember This Geological features influence types and distribution of plant communities BUT Geology is not the only factor Manitoulin Island Alvar Manitoulin Gold (Hymenoxys herbacea)
4 Story Outline 1: Ontario Geological Survey (MNDM Sponsor) 2: History of the Earth 3: Fossil plants and Earth history 4: Geological history - Manitoulin 5: Geology and People 6: Geological Influences on Flora Early Saxifrage Brachiopod
5 1. Ontario Geological Survey (Sponsor) Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Baseline Health of Environment Habitat Natural Hazards Economy Quality of Life (Environment, Health, Safety) Climate change Landforms Glacial deposits Rocks Energy: Geothermal Minerals, Aggregate,Groundwater Rock Energy
6 2. Brief History of the Earth
7 3. Fossil Plants and Geological Record Trees, ferns, horsetail appeared 450 million yrs ago Lycopod (350 My) ancestor of club moss (Lycopodium)
8 3. Fossil Plants and Geological Record Trees, ferns, horsetail appeared 450 million yrs ago Calamites (300 My) ancestor of Horsetail (Equisetum)
9 3. Fossil Plants and Geological Record Time: Fossil Flowering Plant (Archaefructus sinensis) million years old Evolutionary step to flowering plants. No petals. Seeds protected by closed fruits.
10 4. Manitoulin Island Geology, People and Plants Manitoulin Gold, Misery Bay
11 Glacial deposits Palaeozoic limestone / dolomite Precambrian Lorraine Quartzite (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
12 5 km (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
13 Precambrian Quartzite (Lorraine)
14 Quartzite and Plants
15 Glacial deposits Palaeozoic limestone / dolomite Precambrian Lorraine Quartzite (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
16 Bedrock Geology of Manitoulin Island (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
17 Paleozoic (Shadow Lake Fm) / Precambrian unconformity (arrows), Highway 6, Great La Cloche Island
18 Palaeozoic Limestone Gull River Formation
19 Ordovician Fossil Nautiloid Receptaculites (algae) sunflower coral brachiopod crinoid stem Plan view Nautiloid Cross sectional view bryozoan (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
20 Ordovician Sea (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
21 Bedrock Geology of Manitoulin Island (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
22 Silurian Manitouwaning Barrier Reef
23 Silurian Fossil Crinoid and Chain Coral
24 Weathering of Silurian Amabel Dolomite Pit Karren
25 Weathering of Palaeozoic Limestone and Dolomite - Karst
26 Silurian Sea (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
27 Glacial deposits Palaeozoic limestone / dolomite Precambrian Lorraine Quartzite (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
28 Glacial Ice Coverage ~ 20,000 years ago (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
29 Glacially striated bedrock surface glacial striations
30 Glacial Chatter Marks on Bedrock Surface
31 beach deposit organic layer glacial till
32 Post-glacial lake levels (from Coniglio et al. 2006)
33 5. Geology and People Precambrian Quartzite - Archeology Patrick Julig (Laurentian University Archeologist) Sheguiandah archeological site
34 Geology and People Silurian Reef Oil and People
35 Geology and People: Silurian (Niagara) Escarpments - Cup and Saucer Amabel Formation (cup) Fossil Hill Formation (saucer) St. Edmund Formation (saucer)
36 Ordovician Escarpment (Bridal Veil Falls) and People
37 Geology and People: Amabel Dolomite and People - Lafarge Meldrum Bay Quarry
38 Geology and People: Glacial Deposits of Sand and Gravel Aggregate - Gravel Beach Cup and Saucer Pit
39 6. Geological History and Plant Communities on Manitoulin Beach Alvar
40 Hostile Geology + Plants Manitoulin Alvar Limestone / dolomite Open Little or no soil Alkaline Low nutrient Sunlight Temperature moderated by proximity to lake Spring flooding Summer drought
41 Geological Process: Carbonate-rich Sedimentary Rock, Limestone + Calciphiles Brachiopod Crinoid Result: Calciphile plant habitat Bryozoan Calciphile Large yellow lady s slipper (Cypripediun pubescens)
42 Geology and Plants Plants on Limestone and Dolomite Alvar Manitoulin Gold (Hymenoxys herbacea) False Pennyroyal
43 Geological Process: Weathering limestone / dolomite- Karst Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) Karst dissolved rock Manitoulin Gold (Hymenoxys herbacea) Result: Plant habitat in cracks in hostile area.
44 Sea Rocket Baltic Rush Bearberry Beach Pea Sand Cherry Milkweed Pitcher`s Thistle Sundew Bladderwort Lobelia Trillium Jack-in-the- Pulpit Hemlock Pine Beach Dune Deposits v v v Alliance For The Great Lakes
45 Geology and Plants - Beach Baltic Rush (Juncus balticus) Sea Rocket (Cakile edentula)
46 Geology and Plants - Foredune Bearberry Pitcher`s Thistle Beach Pea (Lathyrus japonicus)
47 Geology and Plants - Trough Bladderwort Dwarf Lake Iris (Iris lacustris) Ram`s Head Orchid (Cypripedium arietinum)
48 Geology and Plants Backdune Hill`s Thistle (Cirsium hillii) Trillium
49 Geology and Plants Habitats Landforms Face of Earth Creates habitats Influences plant communities Plant Communities Geological Processes
50 Exercise: Common St. John swort and False Pennyroyal
51 Exercise: Clubmoss and Pearly everlasting
52 Exercise: Shrubby Cinquefoil and Grass-of-Parnassus
53 Exercise CSJW False Pennyr Club Moss Pearly E Shrubby C Grass of P Open Alvar Forest Open sandy forest / meadow Beach / bar
54 Dr. Andy Fyon Director, Ontario Geological Survey (
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