Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 1
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1 Name 1. Which characteristic would most likely remain constant when a limestone cobble is subjected to extensive abrasion? A) shape B) mass C) volume D) composition 2. Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering? A) freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk B) abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks C) grinding of talc into a powder D) dissolving of limestone by acid rain 3. Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate of Earth s surface bedrock? A) local air pressure B) angle of insolation C) age of the bedrock D) regional climate 4. The diagram below shows an outcrop of different layers of sandstone in a region receiving heavy rainfall. Which sandstone layer appears to be the least resistant to weathering? A) A B) B C) C D) D 5. What change will a pebble usually undergo when it is transported a great distance by streams? A) It will become jagged and its mass will decrease. B) It will become jagged and its volume will increase. C) It will become rounded and its mass will increase. D) It will become rounded and its volume will decrease. 6. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown. Which soil horizon contains the greatest amount of material formed by biological activity? A) A B) B C) C D) D 7. The surface bedrock of a region of eastern Delaware is shale. Which statement best explains why the soil that covers the shale in this region contains abundant garnet and gneiss pebbles? A) Volcanic lava flowed over the shale bedrock. B) A meteor impact scattered garnet and gneiss pebbles over the area. C) The soil consists of rock materials transported to this region by agents of erosion. D) The soil formed from the chemical and physical weathering of shale. 8. Which rock material was most likely transported to its present location by a glacier? A) rounded sand grains found in a river delta B) rounded grains found in a sand dune C) residual soil found on a flat plain D) unsorted loose gravel found in hills 9. Which erosional force acts alone to produce avalanches and landslides? A) gravity B) winds C) running water D) sea waves Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 1
2 10. The natural sandblasting (abrasion) of surface bedrock in a desert region is the result of A) wind erosion B) wave erosion C) mass movement D) chemical precipitation 11. The diagrams below represent landscape features found along the seacoast. The arrows show ocean-wave direction. Which shoreline has been shaped more by deposition than by erosion? A) B) 14. The block diagram below represents the drainage basins of some river systems separated by highland divides, shown with dashed lines. The arrows show the directions of surface-water flow. C) D) 12. Where is the most deposition likely to occur? A) on the side of a sand dune facing the wind B) at the mouth of a river, where it enters an ocean C) at a site where glacial ice scrapes bedrock D) at the top of a steep slope in a streambed 13. The map below shows a meandering river. Points A and B are locations on the banks of the river. What are the dominant processes occurring at locations A and B? A) deposition at location A; erosion at location B B) erosion at location A; deposition at location B C) deposition at both locations A and B D) erosion at both locations A and B The three areas separated by highland divides are called A) meanders B) floodplains C) watersheds D) tributaries 15. The longest portion of the Genesee River in New York State flows through which landscape region? A) Erie-Ontario Lowlands B) Tug Hill Plateau C) Allegheny Plateau D) St. Lawrence Lowlands 16. Stream drainage patterns that develop in a landscape region are controlled mostly by A) bedrock structure B) precipitation amounts C) nearness to a large body of water D) air temperature variations 17. Which scientific principle states that younger rock layers are generally deposited on top of older rock layers? A) superposition B) evolution C) original horizontality D) inclusion 18. Antarctica's location and climate changed over the last 200 million years because Antarctica moved A) southward, resulting in a warmer climate B) southward, resulting in a colder climate C) northward, resulting in a warmer climate D) northward, resulting in a colder climate Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 2
3 19. The cross section below represents four different rock units. The symbol for contact metamorphism has been omitted from the cross section. The sequence below represents the relative ages of the rock units from oldest to youngest. limestone granite shale sandstone Which cross section below represents where the symbol for contact metamorphism would be located, based on the relative age sequence? A) B) C) D) Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 3
4 20. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which shows bedrock units A through F and boundary XX'. Which sequence best describes the geologic history, from oldest to youngest, that occurred at this site? A) B) C) D) 21. Which two types of organisms both survived the mass extinction that occurred at the end of the Permian Period? A) trilobites and nautiloids B) corals and vascular plants C) placoderm fish and graptolites D) gastropods and eurypterids 22. The cross sections below represent three widely separated bedrock outcrops labeled A, B, and C. Letters W, X, Y, and Z represent fossils found in the rock layers. 23. Valcouroceras is a New York State index fossil. Which mountain-building event occurred in New York State during the time when Valcouroceras was living in oceans covering parts of New York State? A) Alleghenian orogeny B) Acadian orogeny C) Taconian orogeny D) Grenville orogen Which fossil could best be used as an index fossil? A) W B) X C) Y D) Z Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 4
5 24. The geologic cross section below shows an unconformity in New York State bedrock layers that have not been overturned. Index fossils found throughout some rock layers are shown. Which New York State index fossil may have been present in a rock layer that is missing due to the unconformity? A) B) C) D) Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 5
6 Base your answers to questions 25 and 26 on the cross sections below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross sections represent three bedrock outcrops, 1, 2, and 3, found several kilometers apart. The geologic time period when each sedimentary rock layer formed is shown. The symbols (star, circle, cross, square, and triangle) represent fossils of different types of organisms present in the rock layers. 25. Explain why the index fossil Coelophysis is not preserved in any of the rock outcrops. 26. Draw the fossil symbol that represents the best index fossil. Describe one piece of evidence shown in the outcrops that indicates that this fossil has characteristics of a good index fossil. Base your answers to questions 27 through 29 on the block diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a meandering stream. Point A represents a location within the meandering stream. Arrows represent the direction of stream flow. 27. Explain why rock particles transported by the stream often become more rounded. Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 6
7 28. Describe the relative changes in the stream velocity and the rate of erosion that will occur after 2 days of heavy rainfall. 29. Identify the name of the largest sediment particles that can be transported at point A when the stream's velocity is 100 cm/s. 30. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which represents a glacier moving down a mountain valley. The water from the melting glacier is flowing into a lake. Letter A represents a location on the bottom of the lake. After the glacier melts, what evidence might be found on the surface of the bedrock indicating that the glacier had passed over the surface? Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 7
8 Answer Key 3rd Quarter Practice Test 1. D 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. The bedrock in the outcrops formed during the Paleozoic Era, and Coelophysis lived during the Mesozoic Era. The youngest rock layer is from the Permian, and Coelophysis did not exist yet. Coelophysis lived at a much later time. No Triassic bedrock is shown. Layers containing Coelophysis have been removed by erosion. 26. The fossil was found only in the Devonian layer/one layer in each outcrop. The fossil was geographically widespread. The fossil indicates a short existence in geologic time/limited time interval. 27. abrasion/friction between the particles, bouncing and rolling along the stream bottom, Particle collision breaks off pieces. Particles are weathered. 28. Stream velocity: increases, gets faster, becomes greater Rate of erosion: increases, there is no more erosion 29. pebbles 30. parallel Practice 3rd Quarter Exam Page 8
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