Quiz 7 Answers and Explanations

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1 Geography 1000 Physical Geography AJ Allred, Adjunct Fall, 2015 Quiz 7 Answers and Explanations Question 1 Solar forces are always wearing down land forms using which of the following? Carbonic acid that is composed of water and carbon dioxide. Gases and vapors that exit the tailpipes of our cars. Plants and animals that feed on solar-based photosynthesis. Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen and others. All of the above apply to this question. element is a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Carbonic acid quickly dissolves limestone (karst) formations that cover about 10% of Earth s surface. Air pollution (oxides of combustion) is also corrosive and, of course, plants and animals (including humans) do a lot to wear down landforms. Question 2 Karst formations. are sandstone sediments that cover about 20% of Earth's surface cause air pollution by releasing oxides of carbon (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (water) are mostly igneous rocks that break down easily by acidic conditions (such as oxides) are sedimentary rocks that dissolve easily by oxides of carbon and hydrogen All of the above apply to karst land forms. Karst formations are limestone sediments (not sandstone) that dissolve easily by carbonic acid. See also question 1. element is a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Question 3 Heat and humidity (water). are negatively correlated to how fast land forms and soils break down or wash away are positively correlated to how fast solar forces denude, erode, weather and wash away land forms reduce rates of hydrolysis that would otherwise weaken rocks and soften soil

2 help prevent plants and animals from breaking down rocks and organic waste into soil and nutrients for plant growth Think of boiling pasta: dry, hard material softens and even dissolves with heat and water. The more heat and water, the faster the breakdown.. Question 4 Salt Lake area mountains. exhibit land forms and soils that are hazardous for buildings and people contribute to bad air quality by providing minerals (and mining) that contribute to air pollution make it easy for erosion to move dissolved minerals to the Great Salt Lake for mining by evaporation contribute a lot to wealth and prosperity in our area ment is Steep mountains provide for faster stream flow and rock slides, helping move rocks to the Great Salt Lake. a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Question 5 Which of the following oxides are not major constituents of air pollution in the Salt Lake area? oxygen and nitrogen nitrogen and sulfur carbon and nitrogen sulfur and chlorine hydrogen and iron Everything above except iron is associated with air pollution. Hydrogen is only involved with air pollution when combined with things like sulfur. This element is a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Question 6 Which of the following is false regarding oxygen? Oxygen bonds easily with carbon, silicon, sulfur and nitrogen. Oxygen bonds easily with iron and other oxygen atoms. Oxidation tends to weaken compounds, contributing to weathering and erosion.

3 Oxidation strengthens land forms against weathering because oxygen is the most common element in Earth rocks. Oxides of hydrogen are the major "tool" used by the Sun to wear down Earth land forms. Oxygen may be an important part of Earth rocks, but it doesn t strengthen land forms. More often, it is part of corrosive substances that help break down land forms.element is a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Question 7 Which of the following is true regarding solar energy? We can make our clothing out of fresh corn or 100 million year old crude oil. Humans are solar-powered animals that greatly accelerate land form denudation (mass waste). Fossil fuels greatly accelerate solar-powered denudation of land forms. Hydrocarbons and carbohydrates are important factors in denuding landscapes. Our clothing is made from hydrocarbons. Carbon/hydrogen compounds comprise plants, animal bodies, food and countless things around us, except for minerals, metals and glass. Fossil fuels not only provide humans with energy for bulldozers and other machines, but also add vast amounts of air pollution that have their own corrosive effects. Question 8 Hebgen Lake (Yellowstone area) and the Salt Lake area have all of the following in common except. steep-sided volcanoes that are prone to explosive eruptions and mass wasting (landslides, etc.) steep mountain slopes that slide easily when shaken and/or wet earthquake hazards that can reach M 7.0 or greater lakes and reservoirs that can release dangerous seiche waves during earthquakes people being attracted to places where steep slopes and water come together s element is a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Yellowstone Park is prone to explosive eruptions and mass wasting, while Salt Lake area mountains are not volcanoes, but the results of block faulting quakes. Everything else above is common to both places. Question 9 Which statement regarding streams and rivers is true? Bedload is carried when stream flow is light or slow.

4 Dissolved solids settle out and form layers of sediment or sludge in lake bottoms. Alluvial fans, river deltas, scree slopes and talus are all made of dissolved solids. Suspended solids include sand, silt and clay. Dissolved solids never settle out. Bedload is larger, heavier material that is moved or carried only during high-speed flow. Fans and deltas are composed of larger material: suspended and/or bedload. Dissolved solids continue on into lakes and oceans because they never settle out. Question 10 Which of the following mass wasting or erosive processes is most closely associated with wide variation in air temperature, especially freezing and thawing? Creep Slump Flow Slide Solifluction Solufluction is mass movement caused primarily by seasonal freeze and thaw. It is true that one factor in creep is freeze-thaw, but solifluction is classically and primarily movement by water converting to and from solid (ice). This element is a more accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Question 11 Which statement is true? Digestion by animals and humans is hot enough to oxidize carbon. Digestion by animals and humans is hot enough to oxidize nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine. Humans emit nitrogen oxides as part of our normal breathing process. Oxides of nitrogen are the major cause of limestone caves that tend to "cave in". Digestion occurs at about 98F, hot enough to form carbon oxides, but not nitrogen, etc. Humans breathe in nitrogen, but breathe it right out again, unchanged. See question 1 regarding karst formations.

5 Question 12 Layers of red or brown dust found in snow, ice and Great Salt Lake crust are caused by. driving cattle to market across soils that are easily broken or eroded off-road vehicles, hiking boots and mining activities bad farming practices periodic drought, when vegetation dries up All of the above. e accessible alternative to drag & drop reordering. Question 13 Lahar. results when tectonic and solar forces mix hot pyroclastics with water is an example of how solar energy creates mountains and then destroys them is a type of rock fall is a type of soil creep and/or solifluction is associated with massive shield volcanic eruptions Lahar is slide or flow, not fall and is relatively high-speed, not like creep that is measured inches or less per year. Shield volcanoes produce lava flow at times, but not explosive eruptions that mix large amounts of hot ash with ice and water. Question 14 Which statement is false? You can score better on your eportfolio by selecting a topic, and sending a few pictures to your teacher in October instead of in December. Useful eportfolio ideas are abundantly available in the syllabus and at The "Kolkman" student eportfolio is featured in a PowerPoint file in Canvas and at The "Kolkman" eportfolio describes important land form concepts that help with Quiz 7. It is a good idea to wait until after the Final Exam to start your eportfolio. It is permissible to submit eportfolio work after the Final Exam, as long as final grades have not yet been submitted. Doing so is risky, and not a good idea.

6 d Question 15 In dry country, (not sand dunes). wind becomes much more important than water in eroding land forms terrain tends to be flat, and easily soaks up water land forms are often steep, hard and easily weathered by periodic rain and/or ice water becomes unimportant as a shaper of land forms and cause of erosion Landforms in dry country tend to be hard, steep and impermeable. Water just runs off. Sand dunes are most often found in true, hard-core deserts. They represent the final triumph of erosion and weathering over land forms. There is no real erosion left to accomplish and nowhere else to go except be blown around by wind or pushed around by water waves at the beach.