Constructive and Destructive Forces. Processes That Act Upon Earth s Surface Features
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1 Constructive and Destructive Forces Processes That Act Upon Earth s Surface Features
2 What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? Constructive Force A constructive force is a process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth. Destructive Force A destructive force is a process that lowers or tears down the surface features of the Earth.
3 What Are Surface Features? Surface features are landforms and bodies of water that cover the Earth s surface such as: mountains valleys canyons gorges beaches sand dunes barrier Islands flood-plains moraines and drumlins volcanoes oceans lakes rivers
4 How Can a Surface Feature be Changed by a Constructive Force? Natural forces such as wind, water, ice, through the process of deposition. Deposition is the process of dumping sediment, dirt, rocks, or particles in one place. The movement of the Earth s crust through Plate Tectonics
5 Constructive Force Examples of Deposition Constructive Process Deposition Deltas Surface Feature Floodplains Beaches and Barrier Islands Sand dunes Moraines and drumlins Force/Agent water / river water / river water / ocean long-shore current wind Ice / glacier
6 Other Constructive Forces Constructive Process Surface Feature Force Folding Mountains Plate tectonics Faulting Mountains Plate tectonics Earthquake Volcanic Activity Trench Fault Mountains Islands Plate tectonics Plate tectonics
7 How Can a Surface Feature be Changed by a Destructive Force? Physical or Chemical Weathering Weathering is the breaking down of rock into sediment. Natural forces such as wind, water, ice, through the process of erosion. Erosion is the movement of sediment from one place to another.
8 Changing the Earth s Surface by a Destructive Force Examples of Weathering Mechanical / Physical Weathering Temperature Change- Freezing and thawing of Rock Ice Wedging-Water freezing and expanding in cracks of rock Impact of organisms Root Pry Animals burrowing Chemical Weathering Oxidation / rusting Carbonic Acid / acid rain Caverns Impact of organisms Secretion of acid from Lichen
9 Destructive Force Examples of Erosion Destructive Process Erosion Surface Feature Canyons, Gorges, V- Shaped Valleys Sea Arches, Sea Stacks Buttes, Desert Force/Agent Water Water Wind U-Shaped Valleys Ice Mudslide, Sinkholes Gravity
10 Other Destructive Forces Volcanic Activity Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics) Reshaping of Mountains Earthquakes Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics) Trenches cracks in the Earth Curst
11 What Do You Think?
12 Deposition is a process that A. Dissolves sediment B. Breaks down rock to form sediment C. Removes sediment from landforms D. Drops sediment to form landforms
13 Where do deltas form? A. In desert areas B. At river mouths C. On the banks of rivers D. In valleys formed by glaciers
14 Long shore currents help create A. Beaches B. Dunes C. Rivers D. Drumlins
15 Volcanoes can create new land when they release A. Lava B. Water C. Faults D. Mud
16 What forms moraines and drumlins? A. Wind B. Rivers C. Glaciers D. Volcanoes
17 What landform forms from deposition at the mouths of rivers? A. a delta B. a floodplain C. a sand dune D. a moraine
18 What is weathering? A. A type of climate B. The transport of sediment C. The breakdown of rock D. The aging of rock
19 Which of these is caused by chemical weathering? A. desert pavement B. formation of U-shaped valleys C. formation of rust D. ice expanding in cracks in rock at is weathering?
20 How do earthquakes change the land? A. They transport sediment. B. They form cracks in the surface. C. They release ash and lava. D. They cause chemical weathering.
21 A river can form A. Sea arches. B. U-shaped valleys. C. V-shaped valleys. D. Desert pavement.
22 Deposition forms these features on coasts. A. drumlins B. floodplains C. barrier islands D. U-shaped valleys
23 What causes V-shaped valleys to form? A. deposition at river mouths B. erosion by rivers C. weathering by wind D. erosion by glaciers
24 What does erosion do? A. breaks down rock physically B. moves broken pieces of rock C. changes rock chemically D. change sediment into rock
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