Weathering/ Erosion/ Deposition in the Texas Ecoregions

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1 Practice Test Study these answers Weathering/ Erosion/ Deposition in the Texas Ecoregions 1. In the Texas Panhandle, physical weathering by abrasion is usually caused by wind, water and gravity 2. Two acids found in acid precipitation (such as acid rain) are sulfuric acid and nitric acid 3. Rust (iron oxide) makes some Texas rocks a red/orange color. Rust is produced by the oxidation of iron 4. An acid normally involved in the formation of caves in Central Texas is (CO2 + H2O) carbonic acid 5. Which if the following is an agent of chemical weathering (new substance is made)? acid in groundwater

2 6. Water when it freezes (gets bigger). expands 7. When water freezes and widens cracks in rocks it is called ice wedging 8. Writing on a chalkboard (scraping chalk onto a surface) is an example of abrasion 9. Smooth, shiny rocks in a river have been rounded and polished by abrasion along the bottom

3 Match: 10. C Piney Woods 11. A Panhandle a. The windiest part of the US. North Tx is mostly flat with few trees and is on a high plateau, and has deep canyons called inverted mountains carved by the Red River. b. This area is part of the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico. A land of extremes, the only mountains in Texas are found here. The Rio Grande River bends sharply here. 12. B Big Bend c. Woodlands of hardwood trees such as elm, mesquite, and ash. Thick forest of pine trees in East Texas, roots prevent erosion during seasonal flooding. 13. In nature, is the action of rocks and sediment grinding and scraping against each other wearing away exposed surfaces. abrasion 14. Plants usually break open small cracks in rocks with their roots 15. A marble statue had sharp details many years ago when it was first carved, but now appears eaten away. Its changed appearance is most likely a result of acid precipitation (such as acid rain) 16. Which of the following is NOT an example of mechanical weathering by abrasion? acid precipitation (such as acid rain)

4 Match: 17. B Hill Country a. Plains and marshes with streams and rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, sand dunes are formed by wind and barrier islands are pounded by ocean waves here. 18. C South Texas Plains b. The Edwards Plateau and Llano uplift in hilly central Texas. The Edwards aquifer and caves and caverns are formed as carbonic acid eats away limestone. 19. A Gulf Coast c. Dry brush country of the lower South Texas Rio Grande. Much of this land has been converted to farms. 20. When weak acids in ground water come into contact with limestone in Central Texas, the limestone breaks down to form caves or caverns 21. Which of the following could contribute to acid precipitation (acid rain)? burning fossil fuels 22. Lichen, which consist of fungi and algae living together, contribute to weathering by secreting an acid that breaks down rock. chemical

5 23. A rusty car has undergone chemical weathering because of (iron + oxygen) oxidation 24. What type of weathering most likely caused the formations in the caves at Natural Bridge Caverns in Central Texas? carbonic acid dissolving limestone. 25. Acid rain may be harmful to which of the following? statues rocks aquatic plants and animals all of these 26. What is the term for a mass movement of volcanic origin? lahar beach side ocean side 27. An underwater or exposed ridge of sand, gravel, or shells that you might see while walking along on a Texas beach is a sandbar 28. Mounds of wind-deposited sand in the Texas Chihuahuan Desert and Gulf Coast shoreline are called dunes

6 29. Which of the following contributes to creep? soil loosened by water 30. Evidence of weathering on a rock may include scratches caused by abrasion cracks, stains and crumbling rounded edges all of these 31. U shaped valleys are formed by a glacier eroding a V shaped valley 32. The extremely slow mass movement of material down a slope is called creep 33. Which tool would a scientist use to measure the angle of repose? a protractor 34. Castings improve soil. What are castings? earthworm wastes

7 MAP OF TEXAS GULF SHORE 35. The islands that have formed off the Texas Gulf shore are islands. barrier

8 A = TRUE true. Creep and rockslides are caused by gravity. B = False (hint: 8 of them are true) true. Wind can cause deflation, abrasion and dunes. true. The Dust Bowl was caused by overgrazing, improper plowing of soil followed by drought. true. Humus is the biotic part of topsoil that is made of plant and animal material. true. Stalactites hold tight to the ceiling of a cave. false. River rocks have sharp edges. false. V shaped valleys are formed by glaciers. true. Lahars are caused by volcanoes. false. Deposition is the breaking down of material such as rock. false. Weathering is the movement of broken down rock material to another place. fasle. The southernmost area of Texas is called the Panhandle. true. The Rio Grande River makes a large turn referred to as the Big Bend in West Texas. false. The Edwards Aquifer is made of a rock called granite. false. Weathering is the movement of broken down rock material to another place. true. Plant roots, cause weathering by root wedging, but also prevent erosion by holding soil in place.

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