Session 1 Healthy Streams Stream Hydraulics Natural Channel Design
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1 Session 1 Healthy Streams Stream Hydraulics Natural Channel Design Bill Brant Heart of America Flyfishers Black & Veatch Kansas City, MO February 21, 2014
2 Audience? What do you see?
3 Need to start with one definition: Flow = Discharge = Q = volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time Q = cross sectional area of a stream x average velocity Q=Cubic feet per second (CFS)
4 Spring Creek at Milesburg 250 CFS Pine Creek (Lycoming County) =1,000 CFS in the spring Pine Creek (Lycoming County) =50 CFS during a dry summer Youghiogheny River at Ohiopyle =2,000 CFS in the spring Delaware River at Trenton NJ 5,000 CFS
5
6 Sediment Transport, a.k.a. Lane s Relationship
7 White River near Mount St. Helens Wikipedia
8 Source: Miller (1990) Wadsworth Publishing Co. Sediment in less than sediment out Sediment in equals sediment out Sediment in greater than sediment out
9 Summitpost.org Start near the top of the watershed
10 Will Harman slide
11 Will Harman slide
12 Will Harman slide
13 Will Harman slide
14 Miller (1990) Wadsworth Publishing Co. Middle of the watershed
15 Meanders provide a mechanism for streams to adjust their length to reach sediment transport equilibrium
16 Meanders can be measured allowing a healthy stream to be used as a reference for one needing tlc
17 Meanders tend to migrate downstream
18
19 Meanders dump energy and create habitat
20 Dave Derrick slide
21 Dave Derrick slide
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23 Miller (1990) Wadsworth Publishing Co. Bottom of the watershed
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25 Sediment transport during the Pleistocene
26 Bank Instabilty
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33 Before flood Banks stable During flood Banks stable After flood Geotechnical Bank Failures
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39 Natural Channel Design - The process by which new or reconstructed stream channels and their associated flood plain riparian systems are designed to be naturally functional, stable, healthy, productive, and sustainable. Ottawa, Ontario
40 Natural Channel Design- it s a good idea, but is not good terminology, it implies that some methods are 100% natural and others are 100% unnatural.
41 David Rosgen developed a methodology for NCD
42 Utilizing the softest and most natural materials for bed and bank protection is one of the NCD tools
43 Types of Civil Engineers/ River Engineers/Fluvial Geomorphologists/Potomologists Those who are skeptical of soft bed and bank protection methods Those who believe in it, but do not know it s limitations Those who competently employ it
44 Grade control traditional design - $50M
45 Grade Control Engineered rock riffles a.k.a. Newburg rock riffles much less than $50M
46
47 Self launching longitudinal peaked toe stone
48 Redirective methods- The goal is to move the high velocity thalwag away from an eroding bank. Often used by the Corps of Engineers for protecting facilities such as bridge abutments. Dave Derrick is the king of these methods. He retired from the Corps in 2013, and is now a private consultant. Google Dave Derrick lectures for his Corps library of programs. Google Dave Derrick Buffalo workshop for his UB workshop in May/June
49 John Blansett photo
50 Dave Derrick or Phil Balch photo Bendway weirs, Neosho River, KS
51
52 Andrew Berg photo Rock Vanes with bioengineering, Irwin Creek, NC
53 ACOE Thompson River Study
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56 Bank stabilization Vertical banks are not stable The toe of the bank slopes are the most prone to scour. The outside of bends are the most prone to scour Plants are not very effective for bank stabilization below the minimum water level
57 Natural Resources Conservation Service Stream Restoration Design (National Engineering Handbook 654)
58 Deep rooted prairie plants
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64 Profile Products hydroseeding
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71 Trees and shrubs
72 adventitious rooting plants, 6 pages of plants in TS-14I Wikipedia
73 Dave Derrick slide
74 Dave Derrick slide
75 Dave Derrick slide
76 Dave Derrick slide
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80 Large Woody Debris
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82 Dave Derrick slide
83 Bob Gubernick slide
84 Dave Derrick slide
85 Dave Derrick slide
86 Bob Gubernick slide
87 So now, what do you see?
88 For more details: Google: Dave Derrick lectures & go see him in Buffalo Mid-Atlantic Stream Restoration Conference Google: NRCS Stream Restoration Google: Pennsylvania habitat improvement for trout streams Google: Bankfull flow video US Forest Service Google: Guidelines for Natural Stream Channel Design for Pennsylvania Google: Regional Curves Relating Bankfull-Channel Geometry and Discharge to Drainage Area Pennsylvania (this is advanced)
89 Questions?
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