New Approaches to Restoring NH s Rivers Natural Channel Design and Dam Removal
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1 NHACC Annual Meeting 2012 New Approaches to Restoring NH s Rivers Natural Channel Design and Dam Removal Peter J. Walker
2 CROOKED STREAMS are a menace to life and crops in the areas bordering on their banks.
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6 Stream Problems Past Channelization & Damming Watershed Changes Imperviousness Hydro-modification In-stream Flows Stormwater & Sediment Loading Lack of Riparian Buffers Floodplain Encroachment Barriers to Aquatic Organisms
7 Stream Solutions Fluvial Geomorphology Rosgen Stream Classification Natural Channel Design Fluvial Erosion Hazard Mapping Watershed Approach Not just the stream, but the upland too
8 Stream Solutions Natural Channel Design Lane s Relationship Schumm s Channel Evolution Model Rosgen s Stream Classification
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13 Uses of Stream Geomorphic Assessment Fluvial Erosion Hazard (FEH) Assessment Land Use Management Approach Natural Channel Design Restoration Measures to Address Instabilities
14 FIRM vs. FEH NHACC 2012 Annual Meeting
15 Fluvial Erosion Hazard Meander Belt Width
16 Fluvial Erosion Hazard Zoning Resources Innovative Land Use Planning Techniques: A Handbook for Sustainable Development, Chapter 2.9 Shane Csiki, NH Geological Survey (NHDES) Model Ordinance NFIP Credits
17 Natural Channel Design 8 Steps I) Define specific restoration objectives II) III) IV) Develop regional and localized geomorphic info Watershed/river assessment Consider passive restoration V) Initiate natural channel design VI) VII) VIII) Select and design stabilization/enhancement measures Implement the proposed design Monitor to ensure stated objectives are met
18 Stream Restoration The Mission To return the steam to a natural state of hydraulic stability by: Stabilizing the banks and the bed of the stream Optimizing the Creek s ability to transport and utilize its sediment effectively.
19 What is a stable stream? Ability of the stream over time in the present climate to be able to transport flow and sediment in such a manner to maintain dimensions, pattern, slope, and profile with out aggrading or degrading. Must include the whole stream system. Still have scour and sediment transport.
20 Natural Channel Design Structures Channel Stability Bank Stability Habitat Enhancement
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22 Stone Cross Vanes Ashuelot River NHACC 2012 Annual Meeting
23 Natural Channel Design Log Vanes NHACC 2012 Annual Meeting
24 Natural Channel Design Log Vanes NHACC 2012 Annual Meeting
25 Natural Channel Design Root Wad Revetment
26 Natural Channel Design Root Wad Revetment
27 New Hampshire s Dam Removal and River Restoration Program
28 How Many Dams are in New Hampshire? National Inventory of Dams (NID) = 625 NID + Remaining Active Dams = 2,624 NID + Active + Inactive Dams = 4,549 Source: NH Dam Bureau Database
29 Why Remove Dams? Nationwide thousands of dams (large and small) are at or near the end of their useful, safe and economical life. Historically, dams were built with little, if any, consideration of their impact to the river system. We ve learned: Dams can be environmentally damaging Free-flowing rivers play vital roles in ecosystem health Growing public appreciation for rivers and desire to restore them
30 Free Flowing River at Dynamic Equilibrium Spawning Habitat Impoundment - Decreased Water Quality (decreased circulation) - Pollutants Accumulate (concentrate) - Oxygen Depletion (may become anoxic) - Reservoir Stratifies(loss of turbulent flow) - Increased Temperatures - Traps Sediment - Traps Debris - Blocks Nutrient Transport - Algae Blooms - Blocks Fish Movement Debris Jam epilimnion metalimnion hypolimnion Downstream - Water Quality is Reduced - Altered Flow Regime - Temperatures modified - Sediment Starved - Riverbed Degrades - Nutrient Starved DAM! Habitat/Substrate Buried by Sediment Impounded Sediment Dam Slide by Laura Wildman, P.E. Original Riverbed Level
31 NHDES Dam Removal and River Restoration Program Webpage
32 American Rivers DVD NHACC 2012 Annual Meeting
33 Photo Courtesy of VHB
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37 Ecophotography Production NHACC 2012 Annual Meeting
38 Thank You! Pete Walker Deb Loiselle
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