1: BELSELE: S.V.K. 4, B.G.S. 43 W

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1 Plate 1: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4, B.G.S. Archives Codification: 43 W 394 General view of the extraction wall in the Summer of 1981 The stratification of the Boom Clay is reasonably distinguishable. In the foreground: Whitish Ruysbroek Sands (residues of the Dutch exploration place of 1969). See comments p.: 105. The powerful Windmaaier Ltd. C. excavator and the little yellow wagons of the Decauville Ltd. C. train are visible in the background. Photograph J. Herman. October

2 Plate 2: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N 43 W 394 Holocene sediments This profile, carefully cleaned, allows detecting quite invisible successive frost splits, which are typical Ice Time soil structures (See profile drawn by Dr. Roland Paepe in July1957 and reproduced p.: 13, as fig.: 3). Northern wall of the exploitation. Photograph J. Herman. July See comments:p.:

3 Plate 3: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N 43 W 394 Pliocene sediments and Miocene sediments 1: The Pliocene deposits in the four last S.V.K. Clay Pits are composed of fragments of about one centimetre, of heavy mollusc shells, powder of smaller mollusc shells, coarse sand grains, diverse grind elements. In these grind deposits, it is frequent to discover, more or less, rolled, abraded and ice-broken elasmobranches teeth and badly preserved sea-mammal bones. 2: One Miocene lens of Edegem Sands. Northern wall of the exploitation. Photographs J. Herman. July See comments on p.:

4 Plate 4: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N 43 W 394 Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed 1: The narrow drain channel with the traces of the first sifting tests of the Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed realised in June : First sifting tests, in the foreground our two unfailing colleagues of the B.G.S.: the technicians Frans Moorkens (on the left side) and Hendrik Goossens (on the right side), in the background: Marcel Vervoenen and Jacques Herman. Photographs Didier Winderickx. June See comments on p.:

5 Plate 5: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N 43 W 394 Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed 1: This photograph shows one block of sediment, prepared for taphonomic observations and ready for extraction. The top of the Ruysbroek Sands, horizontally stratified is visible on the lower most part of this photograph. Photograph Marcel Vervoenen. June : One example of sifting residues of 10 litres of sediment, remaining in the 5mm mesh sieve. Photographs Pieter De Schutter. July See comments p.:

6 Plate 6: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4 Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed 1: The heaviest block (95 kilograms) destined for taphonomic preparations approaches Marcel Vervoenen s automobile. From left to right: Marcel Vervoenen, Serge Steyaert, Gérard Brogniet et Jean-Pierre Luypaerts. June Photograph: J. Herman. 2: One of the three operating crews taking a rest (from left to right): Didier Winderickx ( Silent man), Jean-Pierre Luypaerts (Dynamite man), Jacques Herman (Little Jack) and Jacques Boel (Big Jack). June Photograph: Marcel Vervoenen. June See comments p.:

7 Plate 7: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 515 Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Two views of this prospected level in the eastern sector. Photograph Pieter De Schutter. April : Photograph showing, in situ, the top of the Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed. The clay of the Boom Clay Member reposes immediately on the top of this Unit, without Pycnodonte callifera concentrations. 2: The water coming from the sands of Ruisbroek has completely filled their excavation. Photograph Guy Van Den Eeckhaut. April See comments p.:

8 Plate 8: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed. Sedimentology 1: View of a sifting residue between 350µ and 500 µ : Sands (glossy) and glaucony grains (dark green) dominate its composition, some yellowish elements are paleozoic quartzite. 2: View of a sifting residue between 500µ and 2,5 mm: Agate fragments (glossy and versicoloured), kaolinite fragments (light brownish) and siderite fragments (blackish if not oxidised, yellowish if oxidised) dominate its composition. See comments p.:

9 Plate 9: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N 43 W 394 Lower Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Sedimentology: 1: View of a sifting residue between 150µ and 250µ: This fraction of the sediment is principally constituted by kaolinite and eolised agate fragments and some coarse rounded glossy white sands cores. 2: View of a sifting residue comprised between 250µ and 500µ. See comments p.:

10 Plate 10: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Sedimentology: 1 to 4: Four circular multi-coloured agate fragments. All the specimens are 5 times magnified. Photograph M. Jatte. Laboratory Dr. Deliens (U.C.L., Belgium). See comments p.:

11 Plate 11: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Sedimentology: 1 to 4: Four circular multi-coloured agate fragments. All the specimens are 5 times magnified. Photograph M. Jatte. Laboratory Dr. Deliens (U.C.L., Belgium). See comments p.:

12 Plate 12: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Sedimentology: 1: Fraction between 3.5 mm and 5 mm. 2: Rounded pebbles, fraction superior to 5 mm. Southern Sector. Photograph J. Herman. July See comments p.:

13 Plate 13: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Sedimentology: 1a to 1h: Different pebbles. 1a to 1d: Flat rounded flint pebbles from Upper Cretaceous Formations. 1e: Quartzite pebble from the northern side of the Brabant Massif. 1f: Glauconitic sandstone pebble from the Eocene. 1g: Rolled coprolite. 1h: Lutetian pebble. 2 to 4: Kaolinite bullets with superficially adhering fossils. 5a-5b to 7: Siderite concretions growing on elasmobranches remains. See comments p.:

14 Plate 14 : BELSELE (Eastern Flanders, Belgium): S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed. Sedimentology: Kaolinite bullets: 1: Elongated pure kaolinite formation. 2a: A kaolinite bullet having adsorbed sediment grains and teleostean vertebrae. 2b: Detail. 3: Another kaolinite bullet. 4: Intern mould of a Gastropoda partially enfolded by kaolinite. 5a-5b: One sea turtle egg partially enfolded by kaolinite. 6: Another kaolinite bullet with one damaged Squalus tooth. See Comments p.:

15 Plate 15: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N : 43 W 394 Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Sedimentology: Septaria 1 to 1d: Primitive form of septaria, the oldest one known in Belgium. Length: 112 mm. Lower face of one specimen broken in two parts and details of its sections. See comments p.: a and 2b: Lower and upper faces of another primitive septaria (length: 79mm). 3: Pebble of kaolinite (height: 28mm), with the borehole of one small Polychaeta. See comments p.: 112. Photographs: Guy Van Den Eeckhaut. October

16 Plate 16: BELSELE: S.V.K. Clay Pit 4: B.G.S. Archives: N 43 W 394 Lower Oligocene: Sint Niklaas Phosphorite Bed Isolated Concretions: 1: A thin sand-silt grain concretion covering the inner face of the root on one lower anterior tooth of Notorynchus primigenius cemented by siderite. 2: A thick kaolinite powder concretion completely enveloping the root of another Notorynchus primigenius tooth. 3a: A siderite concretion around the superior part of one cerianthid tube. 3b: Magnification of the orifice of the cerianthid tube showing the sediment that has filled it. See comments p.:

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