Archeological Survey of Loop 336, from South of Interstate Highway 45 to Farm-to-Market 1314,

Transcription

1 rcheological urvey of oop 336, from outh of nterstate ighway 45 to Farm-to-Market 1314, Montgomery ounty, exas J: Prepared by: Julian. itters ate: May 2017 he environmental review, consultation, and other actions required by applicable Federal environmental laws for this project are being, or have been, carried-out by x pursuant to 23 U and a Memorandum of Understanding dated ecember 16, 2014, and executed by F and x.

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3 rcheological urvey of oop 336, from outh of nterstate ighway 45 to Farm-to- Market 1314, Montgomery ounty, exas J: by Julian. itters Principal nvestigator Julian. itters Prepared for exas epartment of ransportation ouston, exas echnical eport o. 198 Prepared by ustin, exas May 2017

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5 bstract bstract n May of 2017, maerra nvironmental, nc. (maerra) conducted an intensive archeological survey for the proposed improvements to oop 336, in southern onroe, Montgomery ounty, exas (J o.: ). he total project length is approximately 2.25 miles, or about 86 acres in size, with no new ight-of-ay (). maerra conducted the archeological survey of the existing under exas ntiquities Permit o rcheological investigations consisted of a thorough pedestrian survey and the excavation of 79 shovel tests throughout the rea-of-potential ffect (P) where access was available. Field archeologists observed multiple landscape modifications primarily associated with transportation and suburban development. one of the shovel tests contained any artifacts and no new archeological sites were identified during field investigations. Based on the results of this survey, no additional archeological investigations within the proposed P are warranted at this time. o artifacts were collected during the survey. ll records, project notes, and photographs will be curated at the exas rcheological esearch aboratory in ustin. maerra nvironmental, nc. i

6 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. ii maerra nvironmental, nc.

7 able of ontents able of ontents bstract... i hapter 1. ntroduction and Management ummary...1 oop 336 from ast of ypress ane Boulevard to est of FM oop 336 outh at FM rea of Potential ffects... 1 hapter 2. Project Background...5 nvironmental etting... 5 Physiography... 5 Vegetation... 5 limate... 5 Geology and oils... 5 hapter 3. egional hronology and ultural Background...9 Pre-lovis and Paleoindian... 9 rchaic... 9 eramic Period...10 ate Prehistoric...10 istoric...11 ultural esources in Proximity to the Project rea...11 Prehistoric and Use...13 istoric and Use...13 hapter 4. Methodology...19 hapter 5. urvey esults...21 hapter 6. ecommendations eferences...27 ppendix. chematics and ypical ections ppendix B. hovel est ocations ppendix. hovel est ogs maerra nvironmental, nc. iii

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9 ist of Figures and ables ist of Figures Figure 1. ocation of the proposed oop 336 improvement project located in southern onroe, Montgomery ounty, exas... 3 Figure 2. oil units present within the P... 7 Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Previously conducted archeological surveys within one kilometer (0.62 mile) of the P...12 he P depicted on a 1901 General and ffice Map of Montgomery ounty, exas...14 he P depicted on a 1938 U map of the am ouston ational Forest...15 etail from a 1953 aerial photograph depicting the location of the P...16 etail from a 1977 aerial photograph depicting the location of the P reas defined as having high archeological potential depicted on a 2013 onroe, X 7.5-minute topographic map...20 ypical setting within the P, photographed facing southeast...22 Variability in ground surface visibility across the P...22 view of ittle aney and tewarts reeks...23 isturbances associated with transportation land use...23 Utility line corridor with buried pipeline, photographed facing southeast...24 Figure 14. ypical disturbances observed at the intersections within the P...24 ist of ables able 1. oil Units Found within the P (U- 2017; bbott 2001)... 6 able 2. ummary of Previously onducted rcheological urveys within ne ilometer (0.62 mile) of the P (tlas 2017)...13 maerra nvironmental, nc. v

10 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas vi maerra nvironmental, nc.

11 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hapter 1 ntroduction and Management ummary n May of 2017, under subcontract to cosystem Planning and estoration, nc. (P) and on behalf of the exas epartment of ransportation (x), maerra nvironmental, nc. (maerra) conducted an archeological survey in advance of the proposed oop 336 improvement project in southern onroe, Montgomery ounty, exas (J o: ; Figure 1). he project will extend from nterstate ighway () 45 to Farm-to-Market (FM) 1314, a distance of approximately 2.25 miles. he proposed project would expand an existing two-lane facility into a divided, four-lane median separated highway with a sidewalk on the south side of the eastbound lanes. ll work would take place within an existing dedicated 300-foot right-of-way (). rea of Potential ffects he rea of Potential ffects (P) for archeological resources for this undertaking is defined as the footprint of the proposed project to the maximum depth of impact, including all easements, utility relocations, and project specific locations. herefore, the P for archeological resources will cover a total distance of approximately 2.25 miles and encompass an area roughly 86 acres in size. he proposed undertaking will take place entirely within a 300-foot-wide existing. he vertical P (depth of impacts) is estimated to extend no more than three to five feet below the subsurface. Project schematics provided by the ouston istrict are in ppendix. he proposed project is being funded by the Federal ighway dministration (F) through x and is subject to the ational nvironmental Policy ct (P) review. ince the project is being built with Federal transportation money on land owned or controlled by the tate of exas, it is also considered an undertaking subject to the provisions outlined under ection 106 of the ational istoric Preservation ct (ection 106), as well as the ntiquities ode of exas (). herefore, maerra s work conformed to the guidelines under 36 F Part 800 and 13 hapter 26, which outline the regulations for implementing ection 106 and the respectively. ll work was conducted under the terms and conditions of the First mended Programmatic greement for ransportation Undertakings (2005; P-U) among the F, x, the exas istorical ommission () and the dvisory ouncil on istoric Preservation, and the Memorandum of Understanding (MU) between x and the. oordination with x resulted in a survey recommendation for the entire P. rcheological investigations consisted of a pedestrian survey and shovel testing of all undisturbed portions of the proposed P, where access was available. he undertaking would be built on public property, of which, maerra had access to 100 percent of the proposed P at the time of survey. rcheologists excavated a total of 79 shovel tests along maerra nvironmental, nc. 1

12 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas two survey transects. hile no new archeological sites were recorded, archeologists did observed a plainware whiteware ceramic sherd, a blue vessel glass shard, and a milk glass shard in the gravels of tewarts reek. owever, the artifacts are in secondary context and did not originate from within the P. o additional archeological work is recommended for the P at this time. Field investigations took place from May 1 3, 2017 under exas ntiquities Permit o Julian (rew) itters acted as Principal nvestigator and field lead, while oel teinle assisted with field investigations. total of 60 person hours were expended in the field in support of this project. eather conditions were good and archeologists encountered no difficulties in completing the investigations. his was a no collection survey; therefore, all artifacts were returned to their original location. his report is divided into six chapters. he project background and cultural overview are discussed in hapters 2 and 3. hapter 4 includes the field methodology implemented during the project and the results of field investigations are discussed in hapter 5. hapter 6 presents the summary and recommendations. 2 maerra nvironmental, nc.

13 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 1. ocation of the proposed oop 336 improvement project located in southern onroe, Montgomery ounty, exas. maerra nvironmental, nc. 3

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15 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hapter 2 Project Background nvironmental etting Physiography he P is located within the outhern ertiary Uplands, a subregion of the outh entral Plains ecoregion (Griffith et al. 2007). his ecoregion, which is locally known as the piney woods (Gould 1975), represents the western edge of the southern coniferous forest belt (Griffith et al. 2007:87). ncompassing approximately 7,667 square miles, this subregion is characterized by dissected irregular plains with some low, rolling hills; low to moderate gradient streams with sandy and silty substrates (Griffith et al. 2007:91). levation within the outhern ertiary Uplands ranges from 90 to 550 feet bove Mean ea evel (M). Vegetation istorically, natural vegetation within the outhern ertiary Uplands consisted of upland longleaf pine-bluestem (Pinus palustris-chizachyrium spp. and ndropogon spp.) woodlands, shortleaf pine-hardwood (Pinus echinata-quercus spp.) forests, and mixed hardwood-loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests, as well as merican beech (Fagus grandifolia) or magnolia-beech-forests, bogs, and sandstone glades. Bog plant species include southern sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), hollies or gallberry (lex spp.), wax-myrtles (Morella spp.), insectivorous plants, orchids, and wild azalea (hododendron spp.). oday, pine forest is the dominant vegetation type with ational Forest land making up large parts of this region. side from public land, additional land uses include pine plantations, timber production, and some pasture and livestock production (Griffith et al. 2007). limate he climate within the outhern ertiary Uplands is subtropical with hot, usually humid, and wet summers with mild to cool winters (Peel et al. 2007). nnually, the P receives roughly 40 to 50 inches of precipitation and has a mean annual air temperature of 67 degrees Fahrenheit (U- 2017). Geology and oils he P is underlain by the Pliocene-age illis Formation (Qwc), which is composed mostly of clay, silt, sand, and siliceous granule to pebble gravel (BG 1992). ccording to the United tates epartment of griculture atural esources onservation ervice (U- ) eb oil urvey (2017), the P encompasses eight named soil units (able 1; Figure 2). oils are characterized by loam to very fine sandy loam with restrictive features, such as clay, encountered as shallow as 36 centimeters below the ground surface (cmbs). maerra nvironmental, nc. 5

16 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas able 1. oil Units Found within the P (U- 2017; bbott 2001). oil Unit andform/ opographic Position Parent Material ypical oil Profile (0-100 cmbs) olum hickness (cm) Geoarch. Potential tasco fine sandy loam (ta) erraces/upland oamy alluvium derived from igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock 0-15: Fine andy oam 15-35: Very Fine andy oam : lay >60 ow onroe gravelly loamy fine sand (n) nterfluves/ Upland andy and gravelly fluviomarine deposits over clayey fluviomarine deposits 0-63: Gravelly oamy Fine and 63-78: andy lay oam : lay ow onroe loamy fine sand (o) nterfluves/ Upland layey marine deposits 0-63: oamy Fine and 63-78: andy lay oam : lay ow atliff-pluck- ian complex (at) Flood Plains/ Forested Floodplain oam alluvium of olocene-age Fine andy oam 10 (atliff) igh andman fine sand (b) tream erraces/ Unknown oamy alluvium and/ or sandy alluvium 0-100: Fine and - - ilbert loamy fine sand (Fs) nterfluves/ Unknown oamy marine deposits 0-58: oamy Fine and : andy lay oam - - orter- arkington complex (os) Flats/Upland oamy fluviomarine deposits derived from igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock 0-100: Very Fine andy oam ow plendora fine sandy loam (plb) Flatwoods/Upland oamy fluviomarine deposits of arly Pleistocene-age 0-38: Fine andy oam 0-100: oam ow 6 maerra nvironmental, nc.

17 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 2. oil units present within the P. maerra nvironmental, nc. 7

18 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. 8 maerra nvironmental, nc.

19 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hapter 3 egional hronology and ultural Background he project area is situated within the outheast exas archeological region (Perttula 2004). uman occupation in the outheast exas archeological region can be divided into two stages: Prehistoric and istoric. Furthermore, the Prehistoric tage can be divided into the Paleoindian, rchaic, and ate Prehistoric Periods. brief description of these stages and periods is provided below. Pre-lovis and Paleoindian he arrival of humans in the ew orld may have occurred as early as 16,000 years ago with Pre-lovis peoples (Jennings and aters 2014). Pre-lovis occupation of exas is evident at the ebra. Friedkin ite located along Buttermilk reek in Bell ounty (aters et al. 2011). rtifacts found at this site include bifaces, a discoidal core, edge-modified flake tools, blade fragments, bladelets, a polished piece of hematite, and macrodebitage. ther sites in exas with probable Pre-lovis components include the Gault ite, situated upstream from the ebra. Friedkin ite (ollins nd). Following Pre-lovis is the Paleoindian Period, which dates from 11,500 to 8000 BP. iagnostic artifacts (e.g., projectile point types) associated with the Paleoindian Period and found within the outheast exas archeological region include lovis, Folsom, an Patrice, cottsbluff, Plainview, and ngostura projectile points. o systematic excavation of a Paleoindian site has taken place in this region. owever, Paleoindian artifacts have been recovered from mixed contexts of rchaic age. rtifacts associated with the Paleoindian period have been found in abundance on the surface especially along major stream drainages. n fact, one of these sites is situated on an ancient tributary stream drainage currently located offshore of McFaddin Beach. rchaic he rchaic tage is typically divided into three smaller subperiods, arly, Middle and ate, and is characterized by a wider variety of plant and animal exploitation with a slight decrease in group mobility over the Paleoindian Period (Black 1989). dditionally, the rchaic in exas is generally defined by pre- or nonhorticultural adaptations and pre-ceramic and prebow-and-arrow hunting technologies (icklis 2004: 184). ites are typically located along stream courses and diagnostic point types include the Bell/alf reek, ravis, arbrough, Bulverde, ent, Gary, and nsor, to name a few. uring the ate rchaic Period, a shift to the use of poorer quality and more local lithic resources suggests reduced group mobility and more tightly defined group territories (tory 1990 cited in icklis 2004: 185). his assumption is also supported by the increase maerra nvironmental, nc. 9

20 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas in cemeteries during the ate rchaic times. ue to the numerous ate rchaic sites it is believed this subperiod experienced a significant population growth. he earliest evidence for estuarine resource exploitation on the upper exas coast comes from site 41GV53, which produced an uncalibrated radiocarbon date of BP, and the agle s idge site. hese sites produced large shell middens, a barrel-shaped conch columenlla bed, cut rangia and gastropod shells, perforated oyster shell and rangia valves, and fish remains (icklis 2004). hile white-tailed deer accounted for 80 percent of the animal biomass at the agle idge site, fish came in second with 10 percent of the biomass. he rchaic Period ends with the introduction of ceramic wares. eramic Period eramics appear in the archeological records around 100 in the Galveston Bay area. espite the emergence of ceramics, there are currently no indications of major changes in lifeways during the arly eramic Period (icklis 2004: 189). ee nn tory (1990) has suggested that eramic Period cultures are archeologically distinct from neighboring regions. hus, resulting in her coining of the term Mossy Grover radition/ulture for the eramic Period in the area. ites associated with the Mossy Grove ulture are found in the upper exas Gulf coast, southwestern ouisiana, and the southern portions of the exas Piney oods. Utilizing ceramics composed of a sandy paste, the Mossy Grove culture is characterized by thin, decorated ceramics with narrow incised lines and punctations. Many of these ceramics are described as, sandy paste wares with thin walls, floated surfaces, and rounded or conicalshaped bases (llis 2013:141). ifferences in settlement and subsistence patterns, as well as technology has led archeologists to divide this tradition into two sub-periods: the oastal margins and the nland oastal Plain (llis 2013). he inland subregion is characterized by a hunter and gatherer subsistence strategy with short term occupation sites consisting of plain sandy paste ceramics, Gary and ent dart points, sparse lithic scatters, and ground stone. ites with Mossy Grove cultural components include the Jonas ill site (41P8) and the rawford site (41P69) (nsor and arlson 1988; Mclurkan 1968). ate Prehistoric he ate Prehistoric Period saw the shift in hunting technology from the atlatl to the bow and arrow around 700 (icklis 2004). his technology enabled prehistoric hunters to harvest prey from greater distances with a lesser need for brushless, wide open spaces required for atlatl maneuverability. he use of arrows is indicated by the appearance of small, light straight- and expanding-stem stone arrow points (icklis 2004:194). Projectile points associated with the ate Prehistoric Period include lba, atahoula, Perdiz, and callorn types. his Period is often divided into two subperiods. he first subperiod involves 10 maerra nvironmental, nc.

21 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas the introduction of the bow and arrow, while the second subperiod encompasses the oyah Phase, a time of extensive bison exploitation. istoric onroe, the county seat of Montgomery ounty, was established when ouston lumberman saac onroe moved his sawmill from tewarts reek to the nternational & Great orthern ailroad s (&G) ouston-rockett line. By 1884, onroe s sawmill became a station along the &G ailroad. round this time, the Gulf, olorado and anta Fe ailway s avasota to Montgomery spur was built through onroe forming the only major junction of rail lines in Montgomery ounty. ettlers moved to the region with the prospect of profiting from the region s lumber boom. By 1892, the town of onroe supported five steam-powered saw and planning mills, several brickyards, a cotton gin, a gristmill, several hotels and general stores, and supported a population of 500 residents. onroe became an important shipping point for lumber, cotton, livestock, tobacco, and bricks (Jackson 2016). Both the agricultural and timber industries continued to thrive through the early twentieth century, but was curtailed with the dwindling supply of local timber and the Great epression. n 1931, George. trake discovered oil seven miles to the southeast of onroe, which temporarily stimulated the local economy. revival of the lumber industry, the construction of nterstate ighway 45, and the impounding of the est Fork of the an Jacinto iver forming ake onroe all helped to promote growth within the community. oday, the ity of onroe supports 63,322 residents (Jackson 2016). ultural esources in Proximity to the Project rea Background research for this project consisted of an online records search through the s rcheological ites tlas (tlas; 2017) and a review of historical maps and aerial photographs. esearch focused on the identification of archeological sites, sites listed as tate ntiquities andmarks (s), ecorded exas istoric andmarks (s), sites listed on the ational egister of istoric Places (P), cemeteries, and previously conducted archeological surveys within one kilometer (0.62 mile) of the P (Figure 3). he search revealed that no previously recorded archeological sites, s, s, or sites listed on the P fall within one kilometer (0.62 mile) of the P. owever, one cemetery and 13 previously conducted archeological surveys are near or bisect the P. least 13 previously conducted archeological surveys fall within one kilometer (0.62 mile) of the P (able 2). f these, three bisect the current project area. urprisingly, only one of the archeological surveys resulted in the recording of new archeological sites; none of which, are located within the P. he onroe Memorial Park emetery (emetery umber: MQ-011) is situated approximately 825 meters (0.5 mile) to the north of the P. he cemetery opened in 1944 and reportedly contains over three thousand interments. hile still active, the proposed undertaking will not have any foreseen effects on the cemetery. maerra nvironmental, nc. 11

22 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 3. Previously conducted archeological surveys within one kilometer (0.62 mile) of the P. 12 maerra nvironmental, nc.

23 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas ntiquities Permit o. able 2. ummary of Previously onducted rcheological urveys within ne ilometer (0.62 mile) of the P (tlas 2017). Fieldwork ear ontractor ponsor or gency Proximity to P (meters) o. of ew ites P Bisects P B Bisects P P - B F B and rchaeology ity of onroe ity of onroe Moore rcheological onsulting, nc. U-Galveston Blanton and ssociates, nc. x Bisects Brazos Valley esearch ssociates Montgomery ounty Bisects U and 2015 Gray & Pape Private 160 ~5 Prehistoric and Use review of archeological sites near, but outside of the one kilometer (0.62 mile) buffer (41MQ62, 41MQ299, 41MQ321, 41MQ322, 41MQ323, 41MQ324, and 41MQ325), revealed multiple short to long-term prehistoric occupation sites situated along the edge of stream terraces that overlook small creeks or drainages. hese sites contained a range of cultural materials including lithic debitage composed of chert, petrified wood, and quartzite, a flake core, both dart and arrow points, ceramic sherds, and non-human faunal remains. rtifacts were recorded between 10 and 100+ cmbs within the andman fine sand soil unit. ccording to the sites recorder(s), all but one site (41MQ62) lacked research potential and were recommended ineligible for listing to the P or as a. istoric and Use ccording to a 1901 General and ffice Map of Montgomery ounty, exas, the P crosses land originally patented by ansom ouse and. M. Folks (Figure 4) U Map of the am ouston ational Forest depicts the P as devoid of development with the exception of a pipeline owned by the Prairie Pipe ine ompany (Figure 5). n 1953, the P remained undeveloped with the exception of a transmission line corridor and the construction of FM 1314 at the project s easternmost end (Figure 6). Urban development began to encroach upon the P by the late 1970s (Figure 7). wo cleared, linear features are visible crossing the P at this time and are either pipelines or unimproved roads. oop 336 was constructed sometime prior to owever, aside from the construction of FM 336 and the pipelines or transmission lines, the P has remained forested and relatively free of development (see Figure 1). maerra nvironmental, nc. 13

24 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 4. he P depicted on a 1901 General and ffice Map of Montgomery ounty, exas. 14 maerra nvironmental, nc.

25 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 5. he P depicted on a 1938 U map of the am ouston ational Forest. maerra nvironmental, nc. 15

26 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 6. etail from a 1953 aerial photograph depicting the location of the P. 16 maerra nvironmental, nc.

27 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 7. etail from a 1977 aerial photograph depicting the location of the P. maerra nvironmental, nc. 17

28 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. 18 maerra nvironmental, nc.

29 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hapter 4 Methodology Prior to field investigations, archeologists conducted archival research to assess the potential for buried historic and prehistoric archeological materials. his research involved examining historical maps, aerial photographs, soil maps, and the Potential rcheological iability Map of the ouston istrict (bbott 2011). s mentioned above, archeologists consulted the tlas to assess the potential for prehistoric archeological sites within the P. his not only allowed investigators to determine the presence of previously recorded archeological sites within the P, but also to gain a sense of site types, artifact types, and average depth of cultural materials below the surface, among other things. his information coupled with topography and proximity to water, allowed investigators to define areas of high probability for archeological sites (Figure 8). he background study determined that the P has archeological potential mainly around tewarts reek and ittle aney reek. he P limits, along with areas deemed to have potential for containing archeological materials, were overlaid on topographic maps and loaded onto hand-held eorme GP units to aid in navigation. rcheological fieldwork consisted of a pedestrian survey supplemented by both systematic and strategically placed shovel tests. nvestigators manually excavated 79 shovel tests at approximately 100-meter intervals along two survey transects within P. owever, shovel test spacing was reduced within those areas having higher archeological potential (ppendix B). hile conducting the pedestrian survey, archeologists observed multiple areas of disturbance. reas of disturbances were thoroughly photographed and archeologists made notes on the conditions they encountered during their investigations. rcheologists attempted to avoid these observed disturbances during shovel testing. n addition, investigators visually assessed the banks and beds of both ittle aney and tewarts reeks for cultural material and/or features. hovel tests measured 30 centimeters in diameter and extended to a maximum depth of 80 centimeters below surface (cmbs) or until encountering restrictive features (e.g., dense clay). he shovel tests were excavated in 10-centimeter increments and all soil was screened through a ¼-inch hardware cloth. elevant information for all shovel tests was recorded on a standardized form. hovel tests were backfilled upon completion. his archeological investigation was a non-collection survey; therefore, artifacts, were returned to their original location. maerra nvironmental, nc. 19

30 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 8. reas defined as having high archeological potential depicted on a 2013 onroe, X 7.5-minute topographic map. 20 maerra nvironmental, nc.

31 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hapter 5 urvey esults he proposed oop 336 improvement project is taking place within a rapidly growing suburban community. he natural landscape within the P is generally flat with subtle topographic relief ranging in elevation from approximately 141 to 182 feet M. he P crosses two named creeks, ittle aney and tewarts reeks, and one unnamed wet weather drainage. Vegetation within the P consisted of young to mature pine, young oak, and magnolia trees, palmetto, greenbrier, medium grasses, blackberry, and wildflowers (Figure 9). uring field investigations the temperature ranged from 42 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit and the project area received 0.23 inches of rain. oils encountered within the P were relatively deep (epth: min 5 cmbs; max 80 cmbs; average 65 cmbs) and were characterized by pale brown (10 6/3) to light yellowish brown (10 6/4) fine to very fine sandy loam containing colored pebbles underlain by a dense yellowish brown (10 5/6) sandy clay. Ground surface visibility ranged from poor to good across the P (Figures 10a c). ithin the tree line ground surface visibility was hampered by leaf litter; thus, considered poor (0 percent). n the other hand, ground surface visibility within the treeless corridor was moderate (ranging from 30 to 70 percent). astly, around disturbances the ground surface visibility was good (from 70 to 90 percent). nvestigators had access to 100 percent of the proposed P. long the 2.25-mile stretch, archeologists excavated a total of 79 shovel tests (ppendices B and ) for a rate of one shovel test every 75 meters, or one shovel test for every 1.08 acres. ithin the 21.5 acres defined as having high potential for prehistoric archeological sites, 33 of the 79 shovel tests were excavated for a rate of one shovel test for every 0.65 acre. one of the shovel tests contained any artifacts. rcheologists walked the creek beds looking for cultural materials. here was no stream flow within ittle aney reek (Figure 11) exposing a large gravel bar composed of colored gravels under the oop 336 bridge. o cultural materials were observed within ittle aney reek. owever, tewarts reek (Figure 11B), with a weak current and sandy gravel bars, contained one plain whiteware sherd, a blue vessel glass shard, and a milk glass shard. he historic materials are in secondary context and did not originate from within the P. Visual reconnaissance revealed disturbances associated with both transportation and urban development within the P. For example, roadside drainages border both sides of oop 336 (Figure 12), buried utilities are present in numerous locations along the roadway (Figure 13), and artificially leveled and paved surfaces are present at many of the intersections (Figure 14). rcheologists did not shovel test within these localities. Ultimately, no new archeological sites were observed within the P. maerra nvironmental, nc. 21

32 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 9. ypical setting within the P, photographed facing southeast. Figure 10. Variability in ground surface visibility across the P: ) poor (0%) ground surface visibility within the tree line, photographed facing east; B) moderate (30 to 70%) ground surface visibility within the treeless corridor, photographed facing southwest; and ) good (70 to 90%) ground surface visibility within disturbed areas, photographed facing southwest. 22 maerra nvironmental, nc.

33 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 11. view of ittle aney and tewarts reeks: ) ittle aney reek, photographed facing south; and B) tewarts reek, photographed facing northeast. Figure 12. isturbances associated with transportation land use: and B) drainages located within the roadside drainage ditches; and ) roadside drainage ditch paralleling existing oop 336, photographed facing northwest. maerra nvironmental, nc. 23

34 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas Figure 13. Utility line corridor with buried pipeline, photographed facing southeast. Figure 14. ypical disturbances observed at the intersections within the P: ) view of the northeast corner of the oop 336 and onroe Porter oad intersection, photographed facing west; B) view of the northeast corner of the oop 336 and tewarts Forest rive intersection, photographed facing northwest; ) view of the southwest corner of the oop 336 and onroe Porter oad intersection, photographed facing southeast; and ) view of the northern portion of the westernmost unnamed intersection along oop 336, photographed facing west. 24 maerra nvironmental, nc.

35 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hapter 6 ecommendations maerra surveyed the proposed 2.25-mile long oop 336 improvement project, from -45 to FM 1314, in southern onroe, Montgomery ounty, exas. he project was conducted under ection 106 and the and work conformed to the guidelines for implementation of these regulations under 36 F Part 800 and 13 hapter 26. ccess was available to 100 percent of the proposed P. onditions affecting fieldwork included poor ground surface visibility, and disturbances associated within transportation and urban development. rcheologists conducted a thorough pedestrian survey and excavated 79 shovel tests in support of this project. hovel tests were placed at regular intervals (approximately every 100 meters) along the proposed improvement project, as well as strategically placed within areas having high archeological potential. o archeological materials of any sort were observed on the ground surface or found in any of the shovel tests. owever, investigators did document a plain whiteware sherd, a blue vessel glass shard, and a milk glass shard in the bed of tewarts reek. he artifacts are in secondary context and did not originate from within the P. o shovel tests were conducted within disturbed areas; specifically, within the transmission and pipeline corridor or in the roadside drainage ditches. visual inspection of these areas suggests that the potential for buried, in situ archeological materials is low. Based on the results of the archeological survey maerra recommends no further work for any portion of the P. rcheologists did not collect any artifacts during this survey and therefore none will be curated at. his report is submitted in fulfillment of ntiquities Permit o maerra nvironmental, nc. 25

36 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. 26 maerra nvironmental, nc.

37 eferences eferences bbott, Jim 2001 Framework for rcheological nvestigation, nterpretation, and ultural esource Management in the ouston ighway istrict. rcheological tudies Program eport 27. exas epartment of ransportation, nvironmental ffairs ivision. Black, entral exas Plateau Prairie. n From the Gulf to the io Grande: uman daptation in entral, outh, and ower Pecos exas, by.. ester,.. Black,. G. teele, B.. live,.. Fox,. J. einhard, and.. Bement, pp esearch eries o. 33. rkansas rcheological urvey, Fayetteville. Bureau of conomic Geology (BG) 1992 Geologic Map of exas. he University of exas, ustin. ollins, M. B. d vidence for lder-han-lovis at the Gault ite, exas. Poster with contributions by. yala, B. Bradley,. Forman,. Frederick, J. Gandy,. Gilmer,. assen, B. ash, J. Patton,. Perry, J. ink, M. hoberg,.. peer,. ernecke,. illiams, and. Velchoff. lectronic document, V_F_--V GU X_By_Mike_ ollins, accessed July llis, oodland eramics in ast exas and a ase tudy of Mill reek ulture eramics. Bulletin of the exas rcheological ociety 84: Gould, Frank J exas Plants hecklist and cological ummary. MP-585 evised. exas gricultural xperiment tation, ollege tation. Griffith, Glenn, andy Bryce, James mernik, and nne ogers 2007 coregions of exas. exas ommission on nvironmental Quality. Jackson, harles hristopher 2017 onroe, X andbook of exas nline. lectronic document, org/handbook/online/articles/hec03, accessed May maerra nvironmental, nc. 27

38 Jennings,., and M. aters rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas 2014 Pre-lovis ithic echnology at the ebra. Friedkin ite, exas: omparisons to lovis hrough ite-evel Behavior, echnological rait-ist, and ladistic nalyses. merican ntiquity 79(1): Peel, M.., B.. Finlayson, and.. McMahon 2007 Updated orld Map of the oppen-geiger limate lassification. ydrology and arth ystem ciences 11: icklis, obert he rcheology of the ative merican ccupation of outheast exas. n he Prehistory of exas, edited by imothy. Perttula, pp exas &M University Press, ollege tation. tory, ultural istory of the ative mericans. n he rchaeology and Bioarcheology of the Gulf oastal Plain, Volume 2, by ee nn tory, Janice. Guy, Barbara. Burnett, Martha oty Freeman, Jerome. ose,. Gentry teele, Ben. live, and arl J. einhard, pp esearch eries o. 38. rkansas rcheological urvey, Fayetteville. exas istoric ites tlas (tlas) 2017 exas rcheological ites tlas exas istorical ommission. lectronic document, accessed May United tates epartment of griculture atural esources onservation ervice 2017 eb oil urvey. lectronic document, app/omepage.htm, accessed May aters,. Michael,.. Forman,.. Jennings,.. ordt,. G. riese, J. M. Feinberg, J. eene, J. alligan,. indquist, J. Pierson,.. allmark, M. B. ollins, and J.. iederhold 2011 he Buttermilk reek omplex and the rigins of lovis at the ebra. Friedkin ite, exas. cience, 331: maerra nvironmental, nc.

39 ppendix ppendix chematics and ypical ections maerra nvironmental, nc. -1

40 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. -2 maerra nvironmental, nc.

41 M U P 336 U J: : M : PPV: 11/30/2016 / /,P.. BP. P B. G 27' B -0 PP 2 PUP -60 PP FG 5 BU -1 PP MP 2 BU -1 PP 2 G -6 PP MBM 2-3 PP G 6-3 PP BG B 2-3 PP 5 MG -37 PP 2 MG -200 PP PG 1 G -6 PP 1 B -0 PP G-F- 5 B -0 F 2-3 PM 1 G -2 XG G-F- 1 B -0 XG 2 G -2 XG B MV 1 B -0 1 G -2 1 B -0 XXXXXX 8' 150' 2' XG PJ XG P P 336 U FM F. 1400' F FM 1314 Billboard P FG /MP Billboard 1' 12' 15' G FU F: UB PP FG G : UB FG G P: 45 MP P B. PP P P 336 U FM F. 1400' F FM 1314 PP B. G P M 42' 12' F U 12' 15' 12' G U 15' PP P P B. - PP B P P B ickory Grove V M U M P U M B M M M Z F F FM 1314 M : M GM M ake PP B. hadow M P ake 1 BU J 1 2. Bridge Pond ch n ra B B Gum J 1 PP B:{ U M } P 336 U: V X lub G B-B F :{ F P} BU V B G P BB B & U B P G V G V M i ttl e P M P M P 0 3. a n ey P U G G B F P M G P G M B P umble P F BU X X M FM :.F 45 r eek V i lv er da le G ra nd B M GM.F FM 1314 M PU B P B. M M : U M G G PP P P G M M FM :.F 45 P ' B B M U: 15' 12' G U XG M B B y nd a F B V G G P k o o r Br e v ei k a M V e ittl V V G B G M 12' M k e e r 12' F U M V B B 1' B 1 VB i c e 2' M 6. 6 MP G P B PP M G M U P P U 8' M ey n a XG 1314 id MP P P Pa nt he r 12' PP B. U G V G BU : MM U h c an Br PP B:{ U M } F P P B B B B F UMB 1 M G G U M -M B B U P V G M G F F U U PU G F :{ F P} G MU M M M V P F JUB J M G UMB 45 V - 42' 108' PJ MG M M G G G B V P PP P P B. PM 13.5' XX G P M ' UBJ G PP 27' 300' XG G-F- : re ek 3083 P B U G B BF F P P M F P 2. 1 M G M P G P ak e B 2.2 M U P F F 336 B X G 15' V P G Park 2.0 G 15' 12' G U FU M 1 U 12' F 336 Memorial emetery G B M GUM G Z M G 1314 P Grand ake 12' F U P 3. 8 G 42' 12' F U onroe V M BG PJ 108' 1. 2 V V G ' 1485 F U P F 12' iggins P P B M 3 B F U F P F P M B M V 5 G 1. 1 XF GM B G G PP 1. 6 V J J GV B P G M V M V G BV M 5 1. P M M G 5 3 B V G P F FF J 2 0. UP J G V 75 PP B. BU G V 300' XG G-F- 1' V ' 27' BB G M G MB Z F M G V G U GG V M k e e r G G V P M V V V 4. 5 J Park P J U 0.3 P P F J ewis M P M 336 G QU U G M 1 0. tate G P Golden emetery M 5 0. V G e ak G M F G P U UG M F 105 akwood F 0.2 V ake ake emetery M 0.5 G M Mc 2854 B F G G V 8 0. PP M P B BB G P P U M UGG 0.1 B B Z 6 U P G 1. 0 V G M V he he emetery U U Mc B F P osewood P GV 0.5 G M P 3 1. P G X U 9 B F Pop 27,610 F G M V P M 3083 J Park 105 ane 1.7 F andy M G B F MB M Mc M F P P U V M lub ontrary V onroe ountry M B U G M 336 rawford V lub B B J an ' B M B 105 G M G F M B G F P MB lub FZ 1.3 an Jacinto ountry F G G U ch an Br 2.3 U F B G G M P M P 0.7 Montgomery Park G Park F P G P imarron Jacinto B P J M V G P G V 105 ountry B M P M U B G 3083 B V V F MGM P F Park PP B P emetery 3083 M XG B ey n a F G Garden Park P G P ounty X UBJ G UMM U V U P M P 45 P 3. 5 X U ittle F P U - P M & k For M 75 GU P t es U B M Golf ourse P M 1484 U M B Panorama U G P P G V P G M Pop 1,556 Pop 1,556 GU VG P M G PM J B B VG G F G GU PM P P G MP r e e k QU G V B U B G P V 830 MB XG PP F P U P s rt a 108' 1' V w te F V G B P V G 12' P 4 5 V MP 12' B V 300' XG G-F P4 BG PJ 123' 27' 2'. 8' 12' 42' F F 13.5' 108' 123' 27' P P P 336 U 0 300' XG G-F- P BG P FM 13 F G P ) V 12' P4 FF U ( 13.5' 300' XG G-F P3 XG 123' P 336 U P G P MBG PP M V. B P P U BG UM PJ VPM 0.2 M F FM 1314 PJ VPM MGM M FM: -45 U U:

42 ppendix maerra nvironmental, nc. -3

43 ppendix B ppendix B hovel est ocations maerra nvironmental, nc. B-1

44 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. B-2 maerra nvironmental, nc.

45 ppendix B maerra nvironmental, nc. B-3

46 B-4 maerra nvironmental, nc. rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas

47 ppendix B maerra nvironmental, nc. B-5

48 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. B-6 maerra nvironmental, nc.

49 ppendix ppendix hovel est ogs maerra nvironmental, nc. -1

50 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas PG F B. -2 maerra nvironmental, nc.

51 ppendix hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes / /4 5/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /4 a o Gravels (plinthite, Manganese)incresing density w/ depth a l Gravels (plinthite, Manganese)incresing density w/ depth 5/1/2017. itters in flat wooded area, pine and oak mostly young trees, no ground visibility 5/1/2017. itters -1/-07 shallow ao underlain by l a w/ colored pebbles and in some cases dense amounts of manganese a o Gravels, roots 5/1/2017. itters a o Gravels, roots 5/1/2017. itters a l Gravels, increasing in density w depth 5/1/2017. itters a o Gravels, roots 5/1/2017. itters a l Gravels, roots, oxidation, mottled w/ 10 5/8 5/1/2017. itters a o Gravels, roots 5/1/2017. itters a l Gravels, roots, oxidation, mottled w/ 10 5/8 a o dense, high concentration of manganese,plinthite a l dense, high concentration of manganese,plinthite w/ mottling a o ense, high concentration of manganese,plinthite w/ mottling 5/1/2017. itters 5/1/2017. itters recently cleared of understory with pitted surface 5/1/2017. itters 5/1/2017. itters a o Gravels 5/1/2017. itters a l dense gravels 5/1/2017. itters a o gravels, roots 5/1/2017. itters a o dense gravels, roots 5/1/2017. itters a l very dense, few gravels, mottled with 10 r 5/8 5/1/2017. itters maerra nvironmental, nc. -3

52 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /2 hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes a o roots, gravels, density increases with depth a o roots, pebbles 5/1/2017. itters a l dense, few pebbles 5/1/2017. itters a o roots, pebbles 5/1/2017. itters a o roots, colored pebbles, density increases with depth 5/1/2017. itters eep ao with low density of colored pebbles 5/1/2017. itters o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l very dense colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l very dense colored pebbles, oxidation 5/2/2017. itters o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l unit was much more clayey and dense with large redish orange mottles a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l very dense colored pebbles, oxidation/ mottling w 5 4/6 5/2/2017. itters o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l very dense colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters much like maerra nvironmental, nc.

53 ppendix hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /4 a o copious amounts of colored gravels a l w/ oxidation and mottling w/5 4/6 a l colored pebbles, extreamly dense mixed w/ 5 4/6 a l colored pebbles, extreamly dense mixed w/ 5 4/6 l ense mixed clay peds coaded in silt dense mixed, some oxidation, few to no gravels 5/2/2017. itters 5/2/2017. itters 5/2/2017. itters 5/2/2017. itters exactly like -17 unable to dig 5/2/2017. itters silt 10 6/3, clay peds 10 5/3-5/2 5/2/2017. itters a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters should have been fruther to the but would have landed in a modifed utility corridor with a buried line 46m too short l a dense, few pebbles 5/2/2017. itters o rootlets, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters fine a o colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l oxidation 5/2/2017. itters F a o rootlets, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l dense 5/2/2017. itters F a o rootlets, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters high concentration of manganese concreations or depth F i a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l oxidation, mottled with 10 5/4, colored pebbles,plinthite, Manganese, very dense 5/2/2017. itters F a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters maerra nvironmental, nc. -5

54 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /8 a l oxidation, mottled with 10 5/4, colored pebbles,plinthite, Manganese, very dense 5/2/2017. itters F a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters a l oxidation, mottled with 10 5/4, colored pebbles,plinthite, Manganese, very dense 5/2/2017. itters a l very dense, mixed, trash 5/2/2017. itters a o rootlets, some pebbles, light oxidation a l dense, oxidation, mottled with 10 5/4 F a o colored pebbles, roots, light oxidation at base 5/2/2017. itters 5/2/2017. itters 5/2/2017. itters F a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters F a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters F a o roots, colored pebbles 5/2/2017. itters o rootlets, few colored pebbles F a o few colored pebbles, light oxidation at base o rootlets, few colored pebbles F a o few colored pebbles, light oxidation at base o rootlets, few colored pebbles 5/3/2017. itters 5/3/2017. itters 5/3/2017. itters 5/3/2017. itters 5/3/2017. itters F a o roots, few colored pebbles 5/3/2017. itters a l dense, mottled 5/3/2017. itters -6 maerra nvironmental, nc.

55 ppendix / / / / / / / / / / / / / /6 hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes o rootlets, few colored pebbles 5/3/2017. itters F a o roots, few colored pebbles 5/3/2017. itters a l dense, mottled 5/3/2017. itters F a o roots, few colored pebbles 5/3/2017. itters i l few pebbles, lightly mottled,rootlets, dense with depth 5/3/2017. itters a o few to no pebbles, rootlets 5/3/2017. itters this area has been cleared of understory with pig activity l o dense, lightly mottled 5/3/2017. itters a o few pebbles, roots 5/3/2017. itters l o dense 5/3/2017. itters a o gravels 5/1/2017. teinle a l o gravels and mottling 10 7/6 5/1/2017. teinle a o gravels 5/1/2017. teinle a l o gravels and mottling 10 7/6 5/1/2017. teinle a o gravels 5/1/2017. teinle a gravels and mottling 10 7/6, rootlets,oxidation 5/1/2017. teinle a o gravels 5/1/2017. teinle a gravels and mottling 10 7/6, rootlets, oxidation 5/1/2017. teinle a o 5/1/2017. teinle maerra nvironmental, nc. -7

56 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes / / / / / / /4 a o heavily mottled with 10 3/2, oxidation, burned root 5/1/2017. teinle a 5/1/2017. teinle a o 5/1/2017. teinle a o some gravel and dead roots 5/1/2017. teinle a o 5/1/2017. teinle a l o some gravels, and oxidation a o compact at 40cm, oxidation 5/1/2017. teinle 5/1/2017. teinle a o coompact at 50cm 5/1/2017. teinle a o 5/1/2017. teinle a o compact at 50cm, oxidation 5/1/2017. teinle o rootlets 5/1/2017. teinle i a roots 5/1/2017. teinle a o compact, 5/1/2017. teinle next to road and trash dump F a lots of roots 5/1/2017. teinle i a Very compact, with gravels 5/2/2017. teinle a o 5/2/2017. teinle next to road i a o heavy gravel, mottled with 10 5/6, blocky soil 5/2/2017. teinle a l o 5/2/2017. teinle -8 maerra nvironmental, nc.

57 ppendix hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes / / i a o mottled with 10 5/6 and 10 8/2, oxidation 5/2/2017. teinle a l o 5/2/2017. teinle i a 5/2/2017. teinle l heavily mottled with 10 6/6 and 6/1, oxidation /6 a disturbed area, too hard to dig /3 5/2/2017. teinle i a o oxidation, some roots 5/2/2017. teinle near the creek 5/2/2017. teinle a Very compact, with gravels 5/2/2017. teinle /6 a l mottled with 10 6/6 5/2/2017. teinle / / / a roots 5/2/2017. teinle a l roots 5/2/2017. teinle higher area in trees a some roots 5/2/2017. teinle a some roots 5/2/2017. teinle a gravels 5/2/2017. teinle a 5/2/2017. teinle a o gravels 5/2/2017. teinle /6 l 5/2/2017. teinle a o gravels 5/2/2017. teinle /6 l 5/2/2017. teinle /6 a disturbed area 5/2/2017. teinle modern trash /6 l 5/2/2017. teinle maerra nvironmental, nc. -9

58 rcheological urvey of the oop 336 mprovement Project, Montgomery ounty, exas / / / / / / / a some roots and gravels 5/2/2017. teinle a roots throughout 5/2/2017. teinle a lots of roots 5/2/2017. teinle a l o 5/2/2017. teinle a o disturbed top soil 5/2/2017. teinle a roots 5/2/2017. teinle a compact at 40 cm 5/2/2017. teinle a 5/2/2017. teinle a l 5/2/2017. teinle a 5/2/2017. teinle a 5/3/2017. teinle a some roots and gravels 5/3/2017. teinle a 5/3/2017. teinle a Very compact, with gravels 5/3/2017. teinle a 5/3/2017. teinle /6 a l very compact 5/3/2017. teinle / /4 hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes a 5/3/2017. teinle a l compact, lots of gravels, mottled with 10 and 10 5/3 5/3/2017. teinle -10 maerra nvironmental, nc.

59 ppendix hovel est ecord # orthing asting epth olor exture isturbances ate xcavator otes / / / / / a 5/3/2017. teinle a l compact, lots of gravels, mottled with 10 and 10 5/3 5/3/2017. teinle a 5/3/2017. teinle a l compact, lots of gravels, mottled with 10 and 10 5/3, large root at 70 cm 5/3/2017. teinle i a 5/3/2017. teinle a 5/3/2017. teinle a i oxidation, no gravel 5/3/2017. teinle a 5/3/2017. teinle /6 l mottled 5/3/2017. teinle 1 meter from creek maerra nvironmental, nc. -11

60 his report was written on behalf of the exas epartment of ransportation by: 2017 by maerra nvironmental, nc Banister ane, uite 300 ustin, exas echnical eport o. 198 maerra Project o