5/9/2012. Chemical element. 2 nd most abundant in Earth s crust Metalloid. Neither metal or nonmetal

Transcription

1 Chemical element 2 nd most abundant in Earth s crust Metalloid Neither metal or nonmetal 1

2 Intrinsic semiconductor Electrical conductivity varies with conditions Voltage Temperature Not soluble in water Problems with Silicon There are two main problems with using silicon chips: 1.) Number of Transistors 2.) Overheating 2

3 Real world example Moore s Law Dark Silicon Carbon nanotubes Copper 3

4 Problem: Bus Method Solution: Better connections between cores Similar to mesh Nanotechnological advances Process more information at rapider pace Synapse Goal: To have computers mimic brain functioning In this way, computers could learn Currently being researched by IBM 4

5 One atom thick sheets of carbon Hexagons Strongest material ever made when yanked along sheets Flexible and outstanding heat conductor 100 times the mobility of silicon -ease of electron flow Nanotubes Faster performance Efficient, single transistor, clean output Form of pure carbon first identified in 2004 MIT researchers built experimental graphene chip frequency multiplier Can double the frequency of an electromagnetic signal 5

6 University of Manchesster Graphene is too conductive Cannot be packed densely Vertical vs. horizontal Tunnelling diode Exploited unique feature of graphene Concept by Leonard Adleman in 1994 DNA-Based Computers: not advanced Can solve issues of Moore s Law, as DNA is: not scarce; relatively cheap environmentally friendly very compact 6

7 Potential Performance: DNA-Based: 4 options ( A, T, C, and G ) Silicon-Based: 2 options ( 0 or 1 ) Logic Gates: Used in Boolean functions DNA-Based computation does not occur instantaneously Could allow DNA-computing to help in biological functions 7

8 Richard Feynman (1982) The Ultimate Computer Quantum theory : explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum level Outside interests Interference Error Correction Output observance 8

9 A computational scheme that uses individual atoms or molecules as means of solving computational problems Founded in 1994 Involves nanoelectronic components conducting processing a more conventional, universal and controlled manner More powerful and cheaper than today s machines as well as cheaper and easier to manufacture. Lacking of manufacturing 9

10 ). "Carbon Sheets an Atom Thick Give Rise to Graphene Dreams". Science (New York, N.Y.) ( ), 324 (5929), p.875. New Material Could Lead to Faster Chips Chandler, David L. Kolata, Gina. "SCIENTIST AT WORK: Leonard Adleman; Hitting the High Spots Of Computer Theory." The New York Times. Web. < "KurzweilAI Accelerating Intelligence." Unifying Silicon- and DNA-based Computing. Web. < "Largest DNA-Based Computer Ever Built Can Calculate Square Roots." Popular Science. Web. < Marquit, Miranda. "The next Computer: Your Genes." The next Computer: Your Genes. 6 May Web. < Rannals, Lee. "Forward Thinking Of Computer Chips Could Pave Way For Future." - Technology News. 13 Apr Web. < Trafton, Anne. "Mimicking the Brain, in Silicon." MIT's News Office. Web. < 10