Table of Contents. Introduction and Acknowledgements... ix

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1 Introduction and Acknowledgements... ix 1.0 Submicron Structures Technology and Research Submicron Structures Laboratory Microfabrication at Linewidths of 0.1 pm and Below Improved Mask Technology for X-Ray Lithography Theoretical Analysis of the Lithography Process Studies of Electronic Conduction in One-Dimensional Semiconductor Devices Surface Superlattice Formation in Silicon Inversion Layers Using 0.2 pm Period Grating-Gate Field-Effect Transistors Study of Surface Superlattice Formation in III-V Field-Effect Transistors Investigation of One-Dimensional Conductivity in Multiple, Parallel Inversion Lines Study of Electron Transport in MOSFETs in Si with Deep-Submicron Channel Lengths Application of the Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in Characterization of Si MOSFETs and GaAs MODFETs Crystalline Films on Amorphous Substrates Ion-Beam-Enhanced Grain Growth in Thin Films Epitaxy via Surface-Energy-Driven Grain Growth Submicrometer- Period Gold Transmission Gratings for X-Ray Spectroscopy High-Dispersion, High-Efficiency Transmission Gratings for Astrophysical X-Ray Spectroscopy Soft X-Ray Interferometer Gratings Kinetic Phenomena in Thin Film Electronic Materials Normal and Secondary Grain Growth in Ultrathin (<1000 A) Films of Silicon and Germanium Graphoepitaxy of Si, Ge and Model Materials Epitaxy via Surface-Energy-Driven Grain Growth Zone Melting Recrystallization of Silicon on Insulators Properties of Grain Boundaries with Controlled Orientations and Locations in Thin Silicon Films Metastable Phase Formation in Lithographically Defined Particles of Semiconductors Kinetics of Silicide Formation at Refractory Metal-Silicon Contacts Grain Growth in Thin Films of Aluminum Thin and Narrow Metallic Interconnects Electromigration at Aluminum-Silicon Contacts in Integrated Circuits Computer Modeling of Microstructural Evolution in Thin Films Focussed Ion Beam Induced Deposition Focused Ion Beam Fabrication Focused Ion Beam Program Fabrication of Graded Channel FETs in GaAs and Si Ion Induced Deposition Focused Ion Beam Microsurgery for Electronics Measurement of Beam Profile Chemical Reaction Dynamics at Surfaces Lack of Translational Energy Activation of the Dissociative Chemisorption of CO on Ni(111) Dynamics of the Activated Dissociative Adsorption of CH4 on Ni( 11) Chemical Reaction Dynamics on Semiconductor Surfaces Spectroscopic Study of the Adsorption of C2H4 and C2H2 on Gd(0001) Stabilization of the CO Precursor Molecule to Molecular Chemisorption iii

2 5.0 Optics and Quantum Electronics The Nonlinear Waveguide Interferometer Picosecond Optical Signal Sampling Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation in Gratings Solitons Analysis and Characterization if Ill-V Guided Wave Optics Rib Waveguide Couplers Multiple Quantum Well Heterostructures and Diode Laser Arrays Femtosecond Laser Systems and Pulse Generation Femtosecond Carrier Dynamics in GaAs Femtosecond Spectroscopy of Electronic and Optical Materials Short and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Medicine Optical Propagation and Communication Atmospheric Optical Communications in Local Area Networks Squeezed States of Light Laser Radar System Theory Fiber-Coupled External-Cavity Semiconductor High Power Laser Infrared Nonlinear Optics Nonlinear Optics in HgTe Nonlinear Current-Voltage Characteristics in HgMnTe Free Carrier Spin-Induced Faraday Rotation in HgCdTe and HgMnTe Optical Nonlinearity Caused by Resonant Scattering Stress Tuned, Magnetic-Field-Induced Anticrossing in As-Doped Germanium Phase Transitions in Chemisorbed Systems Phase Transitions under Random Fields Phase Transitions in Systems with Competing Interactions X-Ray Diffuse Scattering Single Crystal Surface Studies Structure and Phase Transitions of Smectic Liquid Crystals Intercalation Compound Structures and Transitions Sem iconductor Surface Studies Surface Reconstruction Geometries Structural Phase Transitions Hydrogenation Ultralow-Temperature Measurements of Submicron Devices Quantum Transport in Low Dimensional Disordered Systems Effect of a Magnetic Field on Hopping Conduction in Quasi-One-Dimensional MOSFET's Graphoepitaxy of Colloidal Crystals Growth of Colloidal Crystals Structure of Langmuir-Blodgett Films Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Applications Structure and Dynamics of Colloidal Solutions Studied by Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Basic Studies of Laser-Cell Interactions Custom Integrated Circuits Custom Integrated Circuits High Performance Circuit Design Extracting Masks from Optical Images of VLSI Chips Algorithmic Fault Tolerance on Digital Signal Processing Cellular Array for Image Processing Waveform Bounding for Fast Timing Analysis of Digital VLSI Circuits Speech Com m unication Studies of the Acoustics and Perception of Speech Sounds iv R.L.E. P.R. No. 129

3 Stop and Fricative Consonants Vow el Perception Analysis of a Female Voice Alternative Analysis Procedures Children's Speech 16.2 Speech Recognition Signal Representation for Acoustic Segmentation Acoustic Evidence for the Syllable as a Phonological Unit 16.3 Speech Synthesis Speech Planning Error Studies Prosody Studies Cross-Language Studies 16.5 Physiology of Speech Production Articulatory Movement Transduction D ata Processing Token-to-Token Variation of Tongue-Body Vowel Targets, and\articulatory-to-acoustic Relationships Anticipatory Coarticulation: Studies of Lip Protrusion Coarticulatio Linguistics Communication Biophysics Basic and Clinical Studies of the Auditory System External and Middle-Eair Transmission Cochlear Mechanisms Stimulus Coding in the Auditory Nerve Afferent and Efferent Systems in Mammalian Cochlea Middle-Ear Muscle Ref le x Cochlear Efferent System Cochlear Implants 18.2 Auditory Psychophysics and Aids for the Deaf Role of Anchors in Percept ion 18.4 Hearing Aid Research Additional Work Multimicrophone MonauralI Aids for the Hearing-Impaired Physiology... Strategies of Perception... Image Sharpening in the Photoreceptor Tectal Processing of Visual Information Layer of the Eye in a Frog... M olecular Physics M olecule M icroscopy... Electrical Neutrality of M olecules... Quantum Optics and Photonics... Investigation of Error Sources in a Laser Raman Clock... Physics of Stimulated Resonance Raman Effect... Observation of Raman-Ramsey Fringes in a Cesium Atomic Beam Using a Semiconductor Laser Atom Fiber 21.9 Influence of Atomic Recoil on the Spectrum of Resonance Fluorescence From a Two-Level I Studies in a Passive Resonator Gyroscope... Studies of Nonreciprocal Phase Shift in a Fiberoptic Ring Resonator Gyroscope..... Investigation of Noise in a Fiber Interferometer Gyroscope Sensitive Techniques for Detection of Residual Higher Order Modes in a Quasi-Single-Mode Investigation of Absolute Stability of Water-Vapor-Stabilized Semiconductor Laser Atomic Resonance and Scattering Basic Atom ic Physics v

4 Rydberg Atoms in a Magnetic Field Rydberg Atoms and Radiation Inhibited Spontaneous Emission Rydberg Atoms in Cavities Experimental Study of Momentum Transfer 22.4 Atom-Molecule Collisions Magnetic Trapping of Neutral Atoms Precision Mass Spectroscopy of Ions to Atoms by Light 23.0 Plasm a Dynam ics Relativistic Electron Beam s Nonlinear Characteristics of the Free Electron Laser Effect of Electron Beam Temperature on FEL Operation Optical Guiding Measurements The Design of a New Type of Helical Wiggler Plasma Wave Interactions - RF Heating and Current Generation Coupled-Mode Propagation and Instability in Inhomogeneous Plasmas 23.4 Propagation, Mode-Conversion and Absorption in Ion-Cyclotron Heating Transmission and Reflection of the Fast-Wave Electron Absorption on the Mode-Converted Ion-Bernstein Wave Relativistic Treatment of Lower Hybrid Current Drive with Wide Spectra 23.6 Absolute Instabilities from Cusp-Maps in the Complex Frequency Plane 23.7 Physics of Thermonuclear Plasmas Profile Consistency Fish bo nes Transport Sim ulation Density Limit and Path to Ignition D igital Signal Processing... Reconstruction of Two-Dimensional Signals From Distorted Zero Crossings... Digital Processing of Side Scan Sonar Data Representation and Manipulation of Signal Processing Knowledge and Expressions Iterative Algorithms for Parameter Estimation with Applications to Array Processing 24.5 A New Mixed-Excitation Speech Model and Its Application to Bit-Rate Reduction Mixed Causuality IIR Filtering for Nonminimum Phase Channel Compensation A 4.8 Kbps High Quality Speech Coding System M ulti- Representational Signal M atching Detection of Narrowband Signals in Wideband Noise Estimation of Coronary Artery Boundaries in Angiograms Reconstruction of Multidimensional Signals from Multilevel Threshold Crossings Knowledge-Based Pitch Detection Reconstruction of a Two-Dimensional Signal from the Fourier Transform Magnitude Model-Based Motion Estimation and its Application to Restoration and Interpolation ( Motion Pictures Signal Processing and Interpretation using Multilevel Signal Abstractions Signal Representation for Symbolic and Numerical Processing Reconstruction of Undersampled Periodic Signals Silhouette-Slice Theorems The Hilbert-Hankel Transform and Its Application to Shallow Water Ocean Acoustics Speech Enhancement Using Adaptive Noise Cancellation Cognitive Information Processing Advanced Television Research Program G o als Background Research Activities Computer Graphics Display Architecture for Interactive Graphics Programmable Frame Buffer Systems Computer Aided Fabrication System Structure Programmable Frame Buffer Systems I Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Applications vi R.L.E. P.R. No. 129

5 26.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Multilayer Media Remote Sensing with Electromagnetic Waves Remote Sensing of Earth Terrain Remote Sensing of Upper Atmosphere Microwave Emission and Scattering Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Ice Time Domain Wave Propoagation in Circuits Time Domain Electromagnetic Waves Wave Transmission and Coupling in Multilayered Media Radar Scene Generation for Tactical Decision Aids MMW Clutter Simulation Baseline Model Acoustic and Electromagnetic Wave Studies Microwave and Quantum Magnetics Microwave Hyperthermia Optimal Source Distribution for Maximum Power Dissipation at the Center of a Lossy Sphere Abstract Introduction Lossy Sphere Field Solutions Modal Analysis Conclusion Radio Astronom y Galactic and Extragalactic Research Long-Baseline Astrometric Interferometers Tiros-N Satellite Microwave Sounder High-Resolution Passive Microwave Imaging of Atmospheric Structure Video Image Processing Nonthermal Radio Emission from the Jovian Planets Video Bandwidth Compression Techniques Publications and M eetings Meeting Papers Presented Journal Papers Published Journal Papers Accepted for Publication Letters to the Editor Published Letters to the Editor Accepted for Publication Special Publications Reports Published Current RLE Personnel Research Support Index Research Project Staff Index vii