National Institute of Materials Physics. Atomistilor 105 bis, Magurele, Romania, www/infim.ro

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1 National Institute of Materials Physics Atomistilor 105 bis, Magurele, Romania, www/infim.ro 1

2 Summary 1.Short history 2.General presentation 3.Major project 4.Development plan 2

3 1. Short history 1949-foundation at Magurele of the Institute of Physics of the Romanian Academy 1956-the Institute of Physics separates from the Institute of Atomic Physics and moves to Bucharest 1974-the Institute of Physics moves back to Magurele 1977-part of the Institute of Physics transforms into the Institute of Physics and Technology of Materials (IPTM) 1996-the IPTM is transformed by Government decision into the National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP) 3

4 Acad. Eugen Badarau together with the Nobel Prize winner Sir C. V. Raman and his wife (1958) International Conference on Amorphous Chalcogenides-under the honorary presidency of Acad. Radu Grigorovici (2001) 4

5 2. General presentation Scope Basic and applied research in the field of: condensed matter physics advanced functional materials nanomaterials and nanostructures Educational activities: diplomas master dissertations PhD thesis Services: advanced characterization prototypes consultancy 5

6 Present organization 5 research laboratories with 9 research teams: L10-Multifunctional Materials and Structures Functional nanostructures Complex Heterostructures and Perovskite Oxides L20-Magnetism and Superconductivity Electronic Correlations and Magnetism Superconductivity L30-Physics of Condensed Matter at Nanoscale Si- and Ge based nanomaterials and Nanostructures Surfaces, interfaces, thin films and single crystals. X-ray / electron spectroscopies and diffraction Theory L40-Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials L50-Laboratory of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials 2 certified laboratories: Laboratory for chemical analysis of advanced materials (MAAS) Laboratory for testing infrared detectors (INDETIR) 6

7 Infrastructure Some 15 millions euro invested in new equipments: 10 millions from structural funds 3 millions from Capacity type projects (national funds) 2 millions from other projects 7

8 Clean room JEOL JEM ARM 200F Cs-corrected Analytical High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope SEM-FIB 8

Complex cluster for surface physics: MBE, RHEED, STM, XPS, LEEM Growth methods: - Wet chemical

standard ceramic technology; spark plasma sintering; hot pressing; pulling machines for single

RF-sputtering, PLD; clean room for nanostructures fabrications (photolithography, electron beam

9 Complex cluster for surface physics: MBE, RHEED, STM, XPS, LEEM Growth methods: - Wet chemical (sol-gel, solution bath deposition, Langmuir-Blodgett); chemomechanical (high energy ball milling); standard ceramic technology; spark plasma sintering; hot pressing; pulling machines for single crystals growth; hydrothermal and solvothermal growth; electrodeposition; melt spinning; MBE; RF-sputtering, PLD; clean room for nanostructures fabrications (photolithography, electron beam lithography, FIB). RF-sputtering with in-situ characterization techniques: Auger, ellipsometry PLD with excimer laser 9

semiconductor (Hall); electricphotoelectric; ferroelectric and piezoelectric; trap investigations (DLTS); THz spectroscopy; broad band dielectric

10 Characterization: -structural: XRD; SEM; Raman; RES; Moessbauer; TEM, AFM, SPM -physical properties: magnetism (VSM, MOKE, PPMS, SQUID); optical (luminescence, fluorescence, transmission-absorption-reflectivity, ellipsometry, near field optical microscopy); dielectric; superconducting; semiconductor (Hall); electricphotoelectric; ferroelectric and piezoelectric; trap investigations (DLTS); THz spectroscopy; broad band dielectric spectroscopy; a cluster for surface physics (XPS, SARPES, ARUPS, STM); a XAS spectrometer for EXAFS and XANES studies; etc. SEM with Cathodoluminiscence Network analyser 10

11 Human resources Total number of employees (at end of 2011): 243 Total number of peoples involved in research activities: 193, among which: 97 senior researchers (49 rank 1, equivalent prof.) 56 junior and assistant researchers 40 engineers and technicians Total number of peoples with PhD title: 108 Total number of PhD students: 25 Total number of peoples involved in auxiliary services: 50 Average age: 44.3 years 11

12 Funding Running projects (at the beginning of 2012) - national: 30 projects (about 4,5 million euro for 2012) involved in 2 prospective projects, one on Physics and one on Nanotechnology - international: 17 projects (about 0,5 million euro for 2012) - private sector: 3 contracts (about 20,000 euro) Previous record for projects (2008-present): - national: 200 projects as coordinator or partner - international: 16 projects - private sector: 27 contracts - structural and cohesion funds 1 project (about 10 million euro between 2009 and 2011) Average funding per year ( ): some 11 millions euro 12

13 Publications , Bucharest, Romania Field: Institutions Record Count % of Bar Chart Data rows displayed in table All data rows UNIV BUCHAREST % UNIV POLITEHN BUCURESTI % ACAD ROMANA % NATL INST MAT PHYS % INST ATOM PHYS % ROMANIAN ACAD % IST NAZL FIS NUCL % NATL INST LASER PLASMA RADIAT PHYS ACAD ECON STUDIES NATL INST PHYS NUCL ENGN % % % Field: Institutions Record Count % of Bar Chart ( 6015 Institutions value(s) outside display options.) (32 records(0.075%) do not contain data in the field being analyzed.) Data rows displayed in table All data rows 13

14 , Bucharest, Romania Field: Institutions Record Count % of Bar Chart UNIV POLITEHN BUCURESTI % UNIV BUCHAREST % ACAD ROMANA % NATL INST MAT PHYS ACAD ECON STUDIES CAROL DAVILA UNIV MED PHARM BUCHAREST ACAD ECON STUDIES NATL INST LASER PLASMA RADIAT PHYS UNIV MED PHARM CAROL DAVILA NATL INST PHYS NUCL ENGN % % % % % % % Data rows displayed in table All data rows Field: Institutions Record Count % of Bar Chart ( 3564 Institutions value(s) outside display options.) (12 records(0.069%) do not contain data in the field being analyzed.) Data rows displayed in table All data rows 14

15 The average number of articles published per year: 160 in the last five years 15

16 Presence in international journals ( ) Field: Source Titles Record Count % of 503 Bar Chart PHYSICAL REVIEW B % PHYSICA C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS % % THIN SOLID FILMS % APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL OF NON CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES % % % % % OPTICAL MATERIALS % Data rows displayed in table All data rows Field: Source Titles Record Count % of 503 Bar Chart ( 74 Source Titles value(s) outside display options.) Data rows displayed in table All data rows 16

17 Front covers in international journals 17

18 International collaborations -International projects (FP, Euratom, COST, SCOPES, EUROCORE, NATO, etc.) -Large research infrastructures: partners in two RD projects launched by CERN: RD48-Research and development on silicon for future experiments RD50-Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders Bilateral cooperation with over 60 research institutions and universities from all over the world: Germany, France, UK, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Moldavia, Ukraine, Russia, China, Japan, Australia, USA, etc. About 50 % of the published articles are results of international collaborations. 18

19 International visibility SCImago Institutions Rankings 2009 World Report 19

20 SIR World Report 2011 :: Normalized Impact Report WR Institution Sector Output IC(%) Q1( %) NI Spe Exc Universitatea de Vest Timisoara HE Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi HE Technical University of Cluj-Napoca HE Alexandru Ioan Cuza University HE Politehnica University of Timisoara HE Babes-Bolyai University HE Institute of Atomic Physics GO University of Craiova HE University of Bucharest HE Romanian Academy GO Politehnica University of Bucharest HE IC-international collaborations (publications % from total output) Q1-percentage of publications in top 25 % journals NI-normalized impact (an average of 1 is for the world) Spe.-the degree of specialization (maximum is 1) Exc.-the excellence rate, (percentage of output in top 10 % most cited papers in the field) 20

21 3. Major project Multifunctional materials: from bulk to nanostructures Aim: the gradual passage from mainly bulk materials (single crystals and ceramics) to mainly thin films and nano-objects of various forms Duration: Funding: Core Program, Capacities, Structural Funds, Ideas, Partnership, CEEX projects related to nano-stuff 21

Previous Bulk crystals (III-V compounds, optical

etc.) deposited by vacuum evaporation or wet chemical

films (photoresistors) or bulk PZT ceramics

22 Previous Bulk crystals (III-V compounds, optical crystals) and ceramics (Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3, (Ba,Sr)TiO 3, YBCO, different types of ferrites, etc.); Some thin films, mainly chalcogenides (PbS, CdS, etc.) deposited by vacuum evaporation or wet chemical methods Applications for IR detection using PbS thin films (photoresistors) or bulk PZT ceramics (pyroelectric detectors array) Bulk PZT ceramics Dielectric resonators from BZT 22

23 Plan for change 1. Infrastructure Purchase of equipments for fabrication of thin films and nanostructures (clean room with FIB and nano-lithography, magnetron sputtering, PLD, MBE, electrochemistry) Purchase of equipment for characterization of nanomaterials, thin films, nanostructures (HR-TEM, SEM, various types of SPM s, PEEM-LEEM, micro-raman, different techniques for surface/interface characterization, etc.) 2. Encouraging of the personnel to approach research topic related to nanomaterials, nanostructures and thin films 3. Development of suitable techniques to obtain nano-objects with controlled form and size (e.g. template methods, as well as self assembling methods 4. Training of the personnel to learn the new fabrication and characterization techniques 5. Encouraging the publication of the results in international journals, preferably with large visibility (e.g. journals with higher influence score) 23

up to 80 nm diameter single bath deposition-easy

24 Results Multi-segment nanowires based photodetectors Template method Nanoporous membranes+electrochemical deposition nanowire photodetectors (photoconductors, photodiodes) of up to 80 nm diameter single bath deposition-easy to transfer to industry SEM-EDX analysis of the CdTe nanowires 24

25 Carbon nanotubes and composites Physical properties investigated by optical methods Chem.Phys.Lett. 406,222,2005 Chemical properties: p type doping, functionalization Carbon 40,2201, 2002 Electrochemical properties: n type doping, functionalization with organic compounds and polymers Carbon 47, 1389,2009 Polymer/CNT composites Polymer48,5279,2007 Semiconductor/CNT composites J.Phys. Cond. Mat. 21,445801, 2009 Applications Non-linear optics Energy storage Small 2,1075, 2006 Phys. Rev. B72, ,

I (a.u.) I (a.u.) Number of particles Synthesis of luminescent, cubic ZnS:Mn nanocrystals. 60 111 d corr = 3.6 nm 50 40 30 d m = 2.03 ± 0.

6 8 10 2 CuK 20 220 311 10 0 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.

26 I (a.u.) I (a.u.) Number of particles Synthesis of luminescent, cubic ZnS:Mn nanocrystals d corr = 3.6 nm d m = 2.03 ± 0.05 = 1.3 ± CuK Diameter (nm) CuK Luminescent ZnS cubic nanocrystals, doped with Mn 2+ ions, were prepared by wet synthesis in the presence of a non-toxic surfactant. Self assembling results in a mesoporous structure, with a high crystallinity and narrow size 3340 distribution 3360 centered 3380 on d m = 2nm. W (94.03 GHz) band Mn 2+ (II) Mn 2+ (III) X(9.87 GHz) band (b) (a) EPR spectra (multi-frequency) indicate: substitutional Mn 2+ ions, (Mn(I) center) + surface centers Mn(II) si Mn (III). - Mn 2+ ions are substitutions in Zn 2+ nods next to extended defects as twins (T) or stacking faults (SF). Mn 2+ (I) Magnetic field (mt) HRTEM images Showing the presence of defects. 26

of UV illumination ( = 312 nm) for the hydrotermally synthesized TiO 2

27 TiO 2 NANOCRYSTALS AND NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS FOR PHOTO-CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS Phenol conversion degree CPh (%) after 5 h of UV illumination ( = 312 nm) for the hydrotermally synthesized TiO 2 samples; 2M and 0.2 M are the initial Phenol concentrations. TEM images of TiO 2 nanocrystals. 27

28 Metallic micro and nanotubes Auto-catalytic deposition using the template method Copper tubes prepared by electroless deposition in ion track templates B. Bercu, I. Enculescu, R.Spohr Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics B, Vol 225/ (2004) 28

M (emu x 10-4 ) M (emu/g) M (em u x 10-4 ) M (emu/g) SELF - ASSEMBLED CORE_SHELL COLLOIDAL MAGNETIC

2Ag+Co+8CO+Co(ClO 4 ) 2 Breakthrough in data storage, biomedicine, catalysis and nanoelectronics 2.5 2.

5 1.0 0.5 T ( C ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 T ( C) ZFC FC applied field: 0.

29 M (emu x 10-4 ) M (emu/g) M (em u x 10-4 ) M (emu/g) SELF - ASSEMBLED CORE_SHELL COLLOIDAL MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES Principle of the self-assembly Core-shell Ag-Co nanoparticles Co 2 (CO) 8 +2AgClO 4 2Ag+Co+8CO+Co(ClO 4 ) 2 Breakthrough in data storage, biomedicine, catalysis and nanoelectronics D ecoupling of Z F C and F C K 293 K fit to eq H (T) 4.5 K 10 K 25 K 50 K 75 K 293 K M tot M SPM sat SPM H L M kbt FM sat FM H 3k BT T ( C ) T ( C) ZFC FC applied field: T H (T) APPLICATIONS Magnetic-conducting bimetallic nanosystems that exhibit GMR effect Use of patterned substrates with logic capabilities 2D regular arrays of GMR nanosensors on a single chip may be achieved! 29

Ferroelectric-ZnO heterostructures based on nanometric thin films SEM image (left) and C-V characteristics at different temperatures (right) Application: non-volatile memories Temperature induced

30 Ferroelectric-ZnO heterostructures based on nanometric thin films SEM image (left) and C-V characteristics at different temperatures (right) Application: non-volatile memories Temperature induced change in the hysteretic behavior of the capacitancevoltage characteristics of Pt ZnO Pb Zr0.2Ti0.8 O3 Pt heterostructures, L. Pintilie, C. Dragoi, R. Radu, A. Costinoaia, V. Stancu, and I. Pintilie, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 96, (2010) 30

31 Consequences An increased number of articles published in journals with high impact factor An increased atractivity for young researchers (around 30 new employees in the last 4 years, including from Diaspora) An increased atractivity for international collaborations (NIMP had become partner in new FP7, Euratom, EUROCORE, COST, SCOPES, etc. projects); researchers from abroad start to come and work at NIMP (e.g. short work stages of PhD students from Latvia, France, Turkey, post-docs from UK, senior researchers from India, China) NIMP had become an important player not only at national level, but also at European level 31

32 Main research directions: 4. Development plan Condensed matter physics phenomena and processes in nanosized systems, surfaces and interfaces; Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures; Functional materials and structures of technological impact. 32

33 A. FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS Size effects in nano-objects and quantum structures; The role of surface and interface in structured materials; Electronic correlations and magnetic interactions; Modeling and simulation of the microstructure dynamics through computational physics methods; The field-matter interaction at micro and nanoscale. B. NANOSTRUCTURES AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS B1. Materials for energy generation, conversion, transport and storage; alloys and compounds for nuclear fusion and fission reactors. B2. Materials with applications in hi-tech industry materials for high frequency electronics; materials for optolectronics, transparent electronics and spintronics; materials for information processing and storage; sensoristics for automatizations and control, security. B3. Materials with applications to biomedicine and environment protection bio-compatible and/or bio-functional materials; bio-sensors, chemical sensors and (photo)-catalysts. 33

34 Main goals for the next 5 years: -Consolidation of the leading position in the research landscape of Romania, especially in the field of condensed matter physics and nanomaterials; -Fostering the human resources by employing best Romanian young researchers and by attracting more actively young researchers from abroad to work in the institute (exchange with foreign institutions or positions inside the projects run by NIMP); -Intensive use of the new research infrastructure both for national/international projects but also as part of a pan-european research structure based on open access for excellence ; -Fostering international collaboration, increasing the international visibility and the impact of the research results (mainly in terms of publications in journals with high impact factor and in terms of citations); -Stabilization of the funding scheme (with the help of the National Authority for Scientific Research), doubled by an increased share of third party funds (international and private sector); was a period of mainly quantitative accumulations, mainly infrastructure; should be a period of qualitative progress in terms of human resources, results and international visibility 34

35 Main projects for the next years Setting up a distributed research infrastructure involving Partner Centers from Central and East Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Italy, Serbia, Hungary, Croatia, Poland)-named C-ERIC 35

Setting up a category II UNESCO institute, working in close collaboration with the Abdus Salam Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (the

36 Setting up a category II UNESCO institute, working in close collaboration with the Abdus Salam Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (the headquarter will be in the Otetelesanu Castle, currently under reconstruction)-naqmed CIFRAP (CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE FORMATION ET DE RECHERCHE AVANCEES EN PHYSIQUE) 36

37 Partner in the Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), the Romanian pillar of ELI (the other two pillars are hosted in Hungary and the Czech Republic) 37

38 NIMP in European context NIMP became comparable to leading institutes, with similar research topics, from other former communist countries, in terms of: Infrastructure Research output International collaborations Examples: Institute of Molecular Physics (Polish Academy of Science) Institute of Physics of Materials (Academy of Science of the Czech Republic) (developing now a Central European Institute of Technology with money from Structural Funds) 38

39 Regarding the research institutions from western countries, NIMP became comparable with many of them in terms of infrastructure, human resources and international collaborations; Still it is work to be done in terms of scientific output (publication in highly ranked journals), scientific impact and visibility (citations) and ability to attract third party funds (EC programs, private sector). Institute of Materials Science, National Center of Demokritos, Greece Scientific Research Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Portugal Institute of Materials Science, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain Institute for Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society, Halle, Germany 39

40 We are on a good track; Fostering the quality of the research results NIMP can become a centre for excellence in scientific research at international level 40

Chapter 10. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved.

Chapter 10. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Nanometrology Oxford University Press 2013. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction Nanometrology is the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Figure illustrates where nanoscale stands