Monte Carlo simulation with Geant4 for verification of rotational total skin electron therapy (TSET)
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1 Monte Carlo simulation with Geant4 for verification of rotational total skin electron therapy (TSET) Christina Jarlskog Department of Radiation Physics Lund University, Malmö University Hospital (UMAS) Collaborators: Lena Wittgren, Sven Bäck, Joakim Medin (UMAS) and Erik Traneus (Nucletron) 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 1
2 Rotational total skin irradiation at UMAS Varian Clinac 21 C/D 6 MeV electrons treatment SSD = 25 cm 36 cm x 36 cm field rotating platform 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 2
3 Aim of this study What is the absorbed dose in one rotation...? measure dose rate in a stationary geometry use the MC to relate to the treatment geometry R = dose in a stationary geometry for 1 MU dose in one rotation 1 R MC D stationary MC = rotation D MC 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 3
4 Simulated geometry - beam incidence angle wrt phantom x-axis: ϑ < 36 - the simulation scores energy deposition along x ( z ) e x 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 4
5 The rotational depth dose distribution rotation D MC = ϑ Dzϑ (, ) dϑ rotation D MC w D ϑ= MC < ϑ w ϑ D MC + 2 w ϑ D MC ϑ ϑ 9 < ϑ< 18 + w 18 D ϑ= 18 MC rotation D MC ϑ= w D MC + 2 D MC ϑ < ϑ 9 w Δϑ = , Δϑ = 5, th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 5
6 The simulation geometry: homogeneous water phantom physics models: standard em and low-energy em production thresholds: - air: 1 kev for photons/electrons - water: 1 kev photons, 1 kev/1 kev maximum allowed step length: not set 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 6
7 SteppingAction score energy distributions grid of.5 mm along x-axis scoring volume: cylinder of radius r (not built in the geometry) check if step is in a water volume check if step is within/crossing cylinder find energy deposition in scoring volume split energy deposition in the grid fill energy histogram 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 7
8 PrimaryGeneration: OTP electrons parametrization of a Varian 21C/D accelerator with 25x25 applicator virtual source position: 85 cm upstream the isocenter exit phase space plane: 5 cm upstream the isocenter field size 36 cm x 36 cm (yz plane) y and z coordinates from flat distribution direction cosines corrected for scattering in accelerator correction independent of radial displacement only direct electrons simulated energy sampled from OTP spectrum 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 8
9 OTP energy spectrum extracted for PDD measured at SSD = 1 cm: D meas ( z) precalculated D mono ( E, z) with VMC++ E is the kinetic energy of the primary electrons assuming an energy spectrum FE ( ) with unknown constants PDD is given by: Dz ( ) = D γ ( z) + FE ( )D mono ( E, z) de the unknown constants in FE ( ) are calculated by fitting D meas ( z) by Dz ( ) 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 9
10 Fitted PDD %D measured VMC++ the distribution is fitted for z > 4 mm to neglect low-energy electrons that deposit energy close to the surface of the phantom depth (cm) 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 1
11 Kinetic energy of primary electrons F(E) 1.8 VMC++ Geant E (MeV) 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 11
12 Overview of the simulations (uniform thresholds) Stationary geometries (r = 2 cm, cubic phantom 5 cm side): SSD = 1 cm, standard em physics SSD = 1 cm, low-energy em physics SSD = 25 cm, low-energy em physics Rotational geometries (SSD = 25 cm, low-energy em physics): test runs: r =?, Δϑ =?, N =? if σ RMC 2% ellipsoid phantom 35 cm in x, 5 cm in z, 25 cm in y - run 1: r = 2 cm, Δϑ = 1 (1 M events/angle) - run 2: r =.5 cm, Δϑ = 1 (1 M events/angle) - run 3: r =.5 cm, Δϑ = 5 (1 M events/angle) ellipsoid phantom 2 cm in x, 4 cm in z, 25 cm in y cylindrical phantom 3 cm diameter, 25 cm height 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 12
13 Comparison MC/measurement at SSD=1 cm D (Gy/MU).3.2 measured low energy standard th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 13
14 Comparison MC/measurement at SSD=25 cm D (Gy/MU).5.4 measured low-energy th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 14
15 Results of test run 1 (r = 2 cm, Δϑ = 1 ) x 1-13 x 1-13 D (Gy/event).6.4 stationary 1 degrees 2 degrees 3 degrees D (Gy/event) degrees 5 degrees 6 degrees th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 15
16 Results of test run 1 (r = 2 cm, Δϑ = 1 ) x 1-13 D (Gy/event) degrees 8 degrees 9 degrees is the surface dose too high at large beam angles? th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 16
17 Results of test run 1 (r = 2 cm, Δϑ = 1 ) x 1-13 D (Gy/event) th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 17
18 Results of test run 1 (r = 2 cm, Δϑ = 1 ) R 3 2 σ stat (%) 6 4 R stationary depth dose rotational depth dose th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 18
19 Test runs: difference in stationary depth dose x 1-13 D stat (Gy/event) cm radius.5 cm radius ΔD stat (Gy/event) x th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 19
20 Test runs: difference in rotational depth dose x 1-13 x 1-14 D (Gy/event) r = 2 cm, Δθ = 1 o r =.5 cm, Δθ = 1 o r =.5 cm, Δθ = 5 o ΔD rot (Gy/event).1.5 run 1 - run 2 run 2 - run th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 2
21 Test runs: difference in R R R(run 1) - R(run 3) r = 2 cm, Δθ = 1 o r =.5 cm, Δθ = 1 o r =.5 cm, Δθ = 5 o th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 21
22 Simulation parameters Subsequent simulations were run with the following parameters: - a scoring volume radius of 2 cm - a step Δϑ = 1 in angle of beam incidence - 1 million events per angle for ϑ > - 4 million events for ϑ = 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 22
23 Dependence on phantom cross-section x 1-13 D rot (Gy/event).2.15 cylinder 3 cm ellipse 2 cm x 4 cm ellipse 35 cm x 5 cm R ellipse 2 cm x 4 cm ellipse 35 cm x 5 cm cylinder 3 cm th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 23
24 Thresholds by region for the cylindrical geometry inner phantom with 1 kev threshold for electrons: - outer radius: 15 cm, inner radius: 11 cm - Δφ = 3 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 24
25 Threshold dependence at SSD = 25 cm D stat (Gy/event) x kev 1 kev D rot (Gy/event) x kev 1 kev th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 25
26 Threshold dependence at SSD = 25 cm x 1-13 x 1-13 D (Gy/event) θ = 1 o 1 kev 1 kev D (Gy/event) θ = 2 o 1 kev 1 kev th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 26
27 Threshold dependence at SSD = 25 cm x 1-13 x 1-13 D (Gy/event) θ = 3 o 1 kev 1 kev D (Gy/event) θ = 4 o 1 kev 1 kev th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 27
28 Threshold dependence at SSD = 25 cm x 1-13 x 1-13 D (Gy/event) θ = 5 o 1 kev 1 kev D (Gy/event) θ = 6 o 1 kev 1 kev th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 28
29 Threshold dependence at SSD = 25 cm x 1-13 x 1-13 D (Gy/event).6.4 θ = 7 o 1 kev 1 kev D (Gy/event) kev 1 kev θ = 8 o θ = 9 o th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 29
30 Ratio D stat /D rot at SSD = 25 cm R kev 1 kev Absorbed dose in one rotation at the prescription depth (5 mm): R =.88 fraction dose = 2 Gy - without degrader: D rot - with degrader: D rot =.42 Gy, N rot = 5 =.23 Gy, N rot = 9 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 3
31 Threshold dependence at SSD = 1 cm D (Gy/MU).3.2 measured 1 kev 1 kev th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 31
32 Threshold dependence at SSD = 1 cm %D 1 VMC++ %D 1 VMC++ 1 kev 1 kev th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 32
33 Conclusions the low-energy em physics model gives a good agreement both with measurements and with VMC++ the simulation has a dependence on the electron production threshold (when no limit on step length is set) R can be calculated for 1 kev electron threshold step length distribution? dependence on beam angle? set maximum step length?... 4th Workshop on Geant4 bio-medical developments and Geant4 physics validation - Genova, July 25 - Christina Jarlskog 33
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