Simulation of light ion transport in a water phantom using Geant4.
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1 Simulation of light ion transport in a water phantom using Geant4. I.Gudowska 1, A.Bagulya 2, V.Ivanchenko 3 and N.Starkov 2 1 Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 2 Lebedev Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia 3 Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 1
2 Outline Monte Carlo codes for hadron therapy Stopping power data; ICRU 73 vs Geant4 Ion transport in water: 1 H, 4 He, 12 C and 2 Ne in the energy range 1-4 MeV/u Results Geant4 vs experiment and other MC codes Conclusions 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 2
3 Light ion therapy 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 3
4 Ion Transport Monte Carlo codes possible for application in hadron therapy. SHIELD/SHIELD-HIT (Heavy Ion Transport (Sobolevsky et al, Inst. of Nucl. Res., Moscow) MCNPX (Los Alamos NL) FLUKA (CERN) GEANT3 (CERN, Italy-Milan, Turin) GEANT4 (CERN) PHITS (Iwase et al 22, Tohoku Univ.) Only proton transport PTRAN (Berger) PETRA (Medin,Andreo) PEREGRINE (Hartmann Siantar et al, LLNL) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 4
5 Application for light ion therapy Requirements: - to transport protons, light ions (up to oxygen), heavy ions (A > 16) - media : the tissue equivalent and constructional materials of the accelerator - energy region of interest for medical applications from few up to 5 MeV/u - production and transport of secondary particles (fragments) - scoring of the energy deposition from primary and secondary particles - particle spectra differential in energy (for primary and secondary particles) - production of secondary electrons 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 5
6 MC codes used in this comparison GEANT4 ver. 7.1 SHIELD-HIT ver.1 24, ver.2 25 MCNPX ver. 2.5.e PETRA (Medin&Andreo 1997) PTRAN (Berger 1993a) Experimental data Light ion clinical facilities: HIMAC in Chiba, Japan and GSI in Darmstadt, Germany, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada. 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 6
7 GEANT4 ver. 7.1 Electromagnetic interact standard,.2 mm cut off (default) Hadron/ion interactions Binary Cascade Development of the IION code based on the Geant4 toolkit Tests: Standard, Low Energy, different step limits, different cut off values chemical effect on/off 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 7
8 SCHEMATIC GEOMETRY FOR SIMULATION OF ION TRANSPORT CYLINDRICAL PHANTOM : Length 3 cm, Radius 1 cm, Layers of 1,.5,.1 mm MATERIAL: Water Pencil beam PROJECTILES: 1 H, 4 He, 12 C, 2 Ne ions of energies in the range up to 5 MeV/u. 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 8
9 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 9
10 Stopping power data for ion transport Geant4 vs ICRU73 12 C C water target 12C water target Stopping Power /MeV cm 2 g C-ICRU73 12C-G4 Stopping Power /MeV cm 2 g C-ICRU73 12C-G Energy (MeV/u) Energy (MeV/u) ICRU73 vs G4 12 C Energy:.25 MeV/u diff. 3.8% 1 MeV/u diff. 7.5% 7 MeV/u diff. 4.8% 5 MeV/u diff. 1.6% 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 1
11 2 Ne Ne water target 2Ne water target Stopping Power /MeV cm 2 g Ne-ICRU73 2Ne-G4 Stopping Power /MeV cm 2 g Ne-ICRU73 2Ne-G ICRU73 vs G4 2 Ne Energy (MeV/u).3 MeV/u diff. 3.7 % 1 MeV/u diff. 3.9 % Energy: 4 MeV/u diff. 11. % 1 MeV/u diff. 2.6 % 5 MeV/u diff. 1.7 % Energy (MeV/u) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 11
12 Energy deposition normalized to the integral H 11 MeV/u water target Exp-Triumf-11-norm-to-integr SHIELD-HIT-11 norm int(2-1) SH-111.3MeV-norm-to-int(2-1) MX-m3-11-norm-int(2-1) GEANT4 -norm int(2-1) Depth (cm) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 12
13 Energy deposition (MeV/cm) H 2 MeV/u, water target Integral (MeV) PETRA SHIELD-HIT(ICRU49) MCNPX GEANT Depth (cm) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 13
14 Energy deposition (MeV/cm) H 2 MeV/u, water target PETRA SHIELD-HIT(ICRU49) MCNPX GEANT Depth (cm) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 14
15 GEANT4 113 MeV protons on Al target Neutron spectra differential in energy and angle. Exp Meier et al 1989 Courtesy of T. Ersmark, KTH, Stockholm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 15
16 Relative Dose He MeV/u, PMMA SHIELD-HIT MCNPX GEANT4 EXP Matsufuji et al Depth /cm (water-equiv-depth) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 16
17 Relative Dose He MeV/u, PMMA SHIELD-HIT MCNPX GEANT4 EXP Matsufuji et al Depth /cm (water-equiv-depth) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 17
18 Relative Dose He MeV/u, PMMA EXP Matsufuji et al 23 G4 stand chem eff Oct14 norm entr G4 LowEn norm entr Oct14 SHIELD-HIT Depth /cm (water-equiv-depth) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 18
19 Experiment 12 C 1-4 MeV/u, GSI Jäkel et at 2 de/dz /(MeV/cm) Carbon ions 1 MeV/u water target Exp de/dx (MeV/cm) G4-raw-1-dE/dx std chem eff-5117 Stand.1 cm Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 19
20 de/dz /(MeV/cm) Carbon ions 1 MeV/u water target Exp de/dx (MeV/cm) G4-raw-1-dE/dx std chem eff-5117 Stand.1 cm Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 2
21 de/dz /(MeV/cm) Carbon ions 1 MeV/u water target Exp de/dx (MeV/cm) G4 raw de/dx G4 raw 1 de/dx low en 5113 Stand.5 cm LowEn.5 cm Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 21
22 de/dz /(MeV/cm) Carbon ions 1 MeV/u water target Exp de/dx (MeV/cm) G4 raw de/dx G4 raw 1 de/dx low en 5113 Stand.5 cm LowEn.5 cm 5 2 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 22
23 de/dz /(MeV/cm) C 2 MeV/u G4 C2 Au5 en dep MeV/cm Exp de/dx (MeV/u) Carbon ions water target Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 23
24 8 7 12C 3 MeV/u Carbon ions water target de/dz /(MeV/cm) G4 C3 Au5 en dep MeV/cm Exp de/dx (MeV/u) Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 24
25 5 12C 4 MeV/u Carbon ions water target de/dz /(MeV/cm) G4 C4 Oct1-5 En dep MeV/u Exp de/dx (MeV/u) Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 25
26 5 12C 4 MeV/u Carbon ions water target de/dz /(MeV/cm) G4 C4 Oct1-5 En dep MeV/u Exp de/dx (MeV/u) G4 Exp GSI Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 26
27 ,15 12C 4 MeV/u Carbon ions water target En Dep norm intergr,1,5 Experiment norm to integr(-3) G4 C4 Au5 norm int G4 LowEn Oct13 norm interg (-3) Depth /cm 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 27
28 Energy deposition normalized to the integral Carbon ions 195 MeV/u w ater target SHIELD-HIT ver 1 GEANT4 ver 7.1 Bin Casc, Stand EM G4 195 LowEn Oct13 norm int(-15) EXP GSI Krämer et al Depth (cm) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 28
29 Energy deposition normalized to the integral Carbon ions 195 M ev/u w ater target SH IELD-H IT ver 1 GEA NT4 ver 7.1 Bin Casc, Stand EM G4 195 LowEn O ct13 norm int(-15) EXP G SI Kräm er et al Depth (cm ) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 29
30 .3 SH-norm-to-the-integral-29 G4-SHIELD-HIT vs EXPERIM ENT 12C, water target G4-29-norm-to-integr Energy deposition normalized to the integral.2.1 NIRS-Kan-C29-norm-to-integral 29 MeV/u HIMAC exp Depth (cm) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 3
31 .3 SH-norm-to-the-integral-29 G4-29-norm-to-integr NIRS-Kan-C29-norm-to-integral G4-SHIELD-HIT vs EXPERIMENT 12C, water target Energy deposition normalized to the integral MeV/u HIMAC exp Depth (cm) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 31
32 Relative Dose Exp Matsufuji et al 23 G4 stand chem eff Oct16 norm entrg4 G4 LowEn 5113 norm entr SHIELD-HIT 2Ne MeV/u, PMMA Depth /cm (water-equiv-depth) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 32
33 Relative Dose Exp Matsufuji et al 23 G4 stand chem eff Oct16 norm entrg4 G4 LowEn 5113 norm entr SHIELD-HIT 2Ne MeV/u, PMMA Depth /cm (water-equiv-depth) 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 33
34 Conclusions Problems with accurate comparison with experiments: beam energy in front of the phantom, beam energy spread use in MC calculations of the recommended stopping power data ICRU49 (p,α), ICRU73 (heavier ions) Position of the Bragg peak obtained by different MC codes within ± 2 mm Geant4 results agree reasonably well with the experimental data regarding position/height of the Bragg peak Contribution to the energy deposition from the fragmentation processes is quite good for ions up to 12 C and energies up to 2 MeV/u, Geant4 reproduces well the Bragg peak curve in this energy region For higher ion energies above about 2 MeV/u verification of the nuclear inelastic interactions required Validation of the partial cross-sections for production of secondary particles necessary 3 November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 34
35 Acknowledgements This work was supported by VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems) and by EU project INTAS November 25 Geant4 Workshop Bordeaux 35
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