Monitoring of Hadron Therapy by Means of Secondary Particles
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1 Monitoring of Hadron Therapy by Means of Secondary Particles Jochen Krimmer, Denis Dauvergne IPNL and INSA Lyon NUFRA 2015 Kemer, Turkey J. Krimmer (IPNL) 1
2 Introduction hadrontherapy = tumor treatment with protons or carbon ions conventional radiotherapy vs hadrontherapy Bragg peak higher RBE relative biological effectiveness [D. Schardt Rev. Med. Phys. 2010] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 2
3 The Heidelberg Ion Therapy center (HIT) [Th. Haberer Cern Accelerator School 2012] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 3
4 Hadrontherapy worldwide 58 centers in operation 39 centers under construction 14 centers in planning phase strong growth in the number of centers [ J. Krimmer (IPNL) 4
5 Hadrontherapy: sensitivity [Knopf et al. Phys. Med. Biol. 2013] increased sensitivity to range uncertainties online monitoring highly desired J. Krimmer (IPNL) 5
6 Nuclear reactions phases and products projectile-like and target-like fragments e.g. β + emitters: 11 C, 15 O,... PET monitoring (offline) prompt γ-rays, neutrons, light charged particles real-time monitoring high probability (for ranges 10 cm) 10% for protons, 40% for carbons J. Krimmer (IPNL) 6
7 Prompt secondary radiation for ion range monitoring emission yields (Geant4 9.4) counts/ion/mm MeV/u C, H O target Target depth [cm] γ n p nuclear reactions typical treatments (PBS) number of ions (distal slice) proton carbon energy slice single spot [Krämer PMB 2000], [Grevillot PMB 2011], [Smeets PMB 2012] correlation between ion range and nuclear reaction depth profile radiation for real-time monitoring of the ion range: prompt γ-rays (energy up to 10 MeV, isotropic) light charged particles (mainly from projectile fragmentation) J. Krimmer (IPNL) 7
8 ENVISION European NoVel Imaging Systems for ION therapy development of novel imaging methods and monitoring tools during ion therapy in vivo and preferably in real time 3D distribution of delivered radiation dose EU funded project budget 6M euros start in year funding 16 European research centers and industrial partners coordination by CERN J. Krimmer (IPNL) 8
9 ENVISION: Project structure J. Krimmer (IPNL) 9
10 PET monitoring [Enghardt et al. NIM A 2004] detection of gammas (positron annihilation) activity distributions p: target fragments 12 C: from projectiles biological washout J. Krimmer (IPNL) 10
11 Time-of-Flight PET use of TOF information increased SNR J. Krimmer (IPNL) 11
12 In Beam TOF-PET small activity produced, in comparison to diagnosis short half lifes: 11 C (20 min.), 15 O (2 min.),... preferred solution: in beam TOF-PET with sub-ns time resolution study of configurations and detection methods scintillator-based TOF-PET RPC-based TOF-PET (MRPC) Coincidence Resolving Time CRT in the order of 200 ps [Amaldi et al. NIM A 2015] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 12
13 real-time monitoring: prompt-γ detection passive collimation multi-slit knife-edge electronic collimation Compton camera J. Krimmer (IPNL) 13
14 prompt-γ detection with collimated detectors monitor beam moving target collimator detector target on a moving table PMMA, H 2 O,... collimator material: tungsten, Pb scintillation detector LaBr 3, LYSO, BGO,... J. Krimmer (IPNL) 14
15 prompt-γ detection with collimated detectors monitor beam moving target collimator target on a moving table PMMA, H 2 O,... collimator material: tungsten, Pb HF OR detector scintillation detector timing LaBr 3, LYSO, BGO,... Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurements reduction of neutron background time reference: monitor detector intercepting the beam (synchrotron) cts/ion/ t no cut prompt γ neutron random accelerator HF (cyclotron) TOF [ns] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 15
16 prompt-γ profiles: heterogeneous targets 95 MeV/u 12 C (GANIL) influence of heterogeneities close to Bragg peak change in ion range [M. Pinto et al. Med. Phys. 2015] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 16
17 prompt-γ profiles: multislit collimator LYSO 5 13 C 75 MeV/u (GANIL) mm Pb collimator cts/ion LYSO 1 LYSO 2 LYSO 3 LYSO 4 LYSO 5 2mm 100mm 600mm C 75MeV/u PMMA target pos [mm] [J.K. et al. JINST 2015] 100mm 6.2mm 2mm W collimator 600mm carbon beams at GANIL and GSI prompt-γ profiles LYSO 1 4 inter-detector scattering contribution < 10 % J. Krimmer (IPNL) 17
18 Collimated cameras: multislit (IPNL) collimator optimized for falloff retrieval precision expected σ 1 mm for 10 8 protons ( ˆ= 1 spot) [M. Pinto et al. PMB 2014] 20 cm height (2 layers) BGO detectors J. Krimmer (IPNL) 18
![spot [Smeets PMB 2012] tests with prototype and IBA C230 cyclotron [Perali](/docs-images/73/69577117/images/19-1.jpg "PMB 2014] investigations with anthropomorphic phantoms in progress J.")
19 Collimated cameras: knife-edge (IBA) principle: slit-hole camera [Bom PMB 2012] prototype optimization: falloff retrieval precision 1 mm for a distal spot [Smeets PMB 2012] tests with prototype and IBA C230 cyclotron [Perali PMB 2014] investigations with anthropomorphic phantoms in progress J. Krimmer (IPNL) 19
20 Compton camera (TOF): principle idea: replace passive by electronic collimation potential increased efficiency 3 D information available here: line / cone intersection components: hodoscope, scatterer, absorber J. Krimmer (IPNL) 20
21 Compton camera: components I beam tagging hodoscope I scatter detectors FPGA 3 FPGA 1 DSSD ADCs ASICs FPGA 2 I absorber I I streaked BGO 64 pseudo pixel I total 96 crystals µ-tca DAQ system IPNL Lyon, LPC Clermont, CPPM Marseille I LPC Clermont [JK et al. NIM A 2015] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 21
![prompt γ: time and energy information prompt γ timing: [Golnik PMB 2014]](/docs-images/73/69577117/images/22-0.jpg "energy spectra: LaBr 3 detector + active Compton shielding peaks from")
22 prompt γ: time and energy information prompt γ timing: [Golnik PMB 2014] energy spectra: LaBr 3 detector + active Compton shielding peaks from transitions in e.g. 12 C, 16 O,... concentration of target nuclei e.g. oxygen concentration [Polf PMB 2013] [Verburg PMB 2013] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 22
23 J. Krimmer (IPNL) 23
24 proton IVI Simulations (head like phantom) [P. Henriquet et al. PMB 2012] 200 mm Tracker 12 C Projectile-like fragment p mm 50 mm various 12 C energies fit of error function Inflection Point Position correlation with energy ion range monitoring millimetric precision for homogeneous target, single-spot basis (PBS) J. Krimmer (IPNL) 24
25 proton IVI measurements: homogeneous targets CMOS detectors: MIMOSA 26 IPHC Strasbourg [V. Reithinger et al. PTCOG 2013] measurement at HIT J. Krimmer (IPNL) 25
26 proton IVI measurements: heterogeneous targets measurements at HIT target: PMMA cylinder with inserts bone and air normalization to integrals air inserts at 3 positions dip at insert position [R. Rescigno ICTR-PHE 2014] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 26
27 Summary Monitoring of hadrontherapy in-beam TOF-PET CRT in the order of 200 ps for MRPC and scintillators collimated prompt-γ detection millimetric precision for 10 8 protons (1 spot in PBS) towards clinical prototypes Compton camera characterization of components assembly of complete system proton IVI simulation and measurements millimetric precision for single spot in PBS J. Krimmer (IPNL) 27
28 ilginiz için çok teşekkür ederim! collaborators / institutions IPNL Lyon CREATIS Lyon IPN Orsay LPC Clermont CPPM Marseille IPHC Strasbourg CAL Nice GANIL Caen HIT Heidelberg GSI Darmstadt WPE Essen IBA... acknowledgements France Hadron, ANR, FP7 Envision, FP7 Entervision, FP7 Ulice, LabexPrimes, PRRH J. Krimmer (IPNL) 28
29 backup: Components: hodoscope goals: -position resolution 1 mm -time resolution 1 ns -count rate /s array of scintillating fibers (2 128, 1 1 mm 2 ) multianode PMs H hodoscope rate [Hz] 7 10 H-8500 HV = 1000V H-8500 HV = 800V MCP-PMT HV = 2200V time [ns] 4 10 [J.K. et al. ICTR-PHE 2014] beam rate [proton/s] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 29
30 backup: Components: scatter detector double sided silicon strip detectors size: mm 3 7 planes in total 2 64 strips (p- and n-side) front-end electronics ASICs (8 ch.), low noise, cts/s slow (1 µs) and fast (15 ns) shaping DAQ card with ASICs, FPGAs and optical link FPGA 3 DSSD ASICs FPGA 2 FPGA 1 ADCs detectors under characterization J. Krimmer (IPNL) 30
31 backup: Components: absorber streaked BGO crystals mm 3 read by 4 PMs 8 8 (pseudo)-pixel, 96 crystals in total energy resolution 17% at 511 kev, time resolution 2 ns detector assembly and readout electronics: LPC Clermont position reconstruction via centroid BGO0 TDC 2d_cut_fore_perion 0 cts BGO2 2D cut perion y_pos [a.u.] t [ns] [J.K. et al. NIM A 2014] x_pos [a.u.] J. Krimmer (IPNL) 31
32 backup: anthropomorphic phantoms J. Krimmer (IPNL) 32
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