PREX Background Simulation Update
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1 PREX Background Simulation Update Rakitha Beminiwattha Syracuse University 1
2 Outline PREX-II Collimator Plastic Shielding for Neutrons PREX-II Background Radiation Activation Studies by Lorenzo Outstanding Issues 2
3 PREX-II Collimator Design References : final summary at elog
4 PREX-II Collimator Prototype Design The collimator is placed about 85 cm from the target and intercepts scattered electrons from 0.78o to 3.8o A hybrid design where water cooled Copper-Tungsten inner cylinder (CW70) contained in a Tungsten rectangular box Estimated to deposit about 2.1 kw of energy Collimator will be water cooled 4
5 Specifications Comparison PREX-I collimator bore has a flat radius of cm (limit above 1.27 deg) PREX-II Prototype-4 (PT4) uses smaller (R1 = cm and R2 = cm) conical collimator bore (limit above 0.78 deg) W-box L=16.5 cm, W=22.7 cm (W R.L = 3.5 mm) CW70 cylinder R=5.1 cm L=10.5 cm (CW70 R.L = 5.6 mm) PREX-I collimator took only about 500 W of energy and radiated about 50 W back into the hall PREX-II collimator estimated to take about 2.1 kw but only radiate about 35 W back into the hall New design minimizes what radiated out to the hall 5
6 PREX-II Neutron Shielding Design References : Final elog 2956 Other elogs 2939, 2941, and
7 PREX-II Neutron Shielding Design New collimator concentrates the neutron production to and around the collimator area Neutrons harmful to electronics and other sensitive equipments are around 0.1 to 10 MeV Apply polythene and water shielding to slow down and/or block harmful neutrons Final optimized shielding design is ready Added sealed water vessel into the scattering chamber vacuum Less redundant volume surrounding the scattering chamber Better practical implementation of shielding 7
8 Default Shield Design 8
9 Optimized Design : Top View 9
10 Optimized Design 10
11 Optimized Design : Tweaks Required Collimator line of sight 11
12 Optimized Design : Tweaks Required 12
13 Optimized Design : Tweaks Required 13
14 Neutron Shielding Specifications The total power deposit into the water vessel in vacuum shielding is about 12 W at 100 μa See table in next slide After optimization, the neutron flux is reduced wrt default design See next slide table-2 for relative neutron shielding by default and proposed designs 14
15 Neutron Shielding Specifications Table-1 : Plastic Shielding Power Deposit Summary Shielding Area Default (W/uA) Scattering Chamber Scattering Chamber Attachment In Scattering Chamber Vacuum n/a (Water) Al vessel n/a Total Optimized (W/uA) Default Optimized Weight Weight Shielding Area (kg) (kg) Scattering Chamber Scattering Chamber Attachment In Scattering Chamber Vacuum (Water) n/a 163 Al vessel n/a 34 Table-2 : Reduction in Neutron Flux w.r.t PREX-I Neutrons PREX-II PREX-II E Range Default Optimized (MeV) (%) (%) E< <E< <E
16 Energy Deposit Plots for Default Design Transverse view Longitudinal view Front Shield
17 Energy Deposit Plots for Default Design Transverse view Longitudinal view SC Shield : Front
18 Energy Deposit Plots for Default Design Transverse view Longitudinal view SC Shield : Back
19 Energy Deposit Plots for Default Design Transverse view Longitudinal view SC Vacuum Shield
20 PREX-II Hall Background Radiation References : elog
21 Hall Background Radiation The simulation is performed with full geometry for PREXI/II Looked at the radiation intercepted by a plane cylindrical detector (Hall Detector) at about the radius closer to where electronics are kept (At R=2300 cm centered at z=0 cm) Divided the hall into three regions based on vertex Z < Z < -110 cm (US of the target) < Z < 135 cm (from target to end of the septum pipe) < Z < 3400 cm ( from the end of the septum pipe to the dump) 21
22 Septum Magnet Fringe Field Simulation The small angle scattered electrons traverse in the beam pipe are extremely sensitive to the fringe field generated in the septum pipe. The fringe field at each end of the septum pipe was modeled according to Paul Brindza's field presentations Due to the fringe field, according to simulation the radiation in the hall has worsen By extending the magnetic shield by 30 cm at either ends of the septum pipe, radiation can be minimized to the levels seen with no fringe field The 30 cm is about the maximum length we can have if we modify the septum pipe installation References : elog 2944 and
23 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector 23
24 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector only from Region 2 24
25 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Neutron Radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector and they are concentrated to Region 2 25
26 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Neutron Radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector only from Region 2 26
27 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Kinetic energy distribution of neutron radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector PREX-II Shielded PREX-I 27
28 High Energy Neutrons To make a better estimate for the site boundary radiation 28
29 Segmented Hall Detector Current simulation is not best suited for site boundary optimization Lacks sky-shine estimation In our hall detector flux/power in 30o to 150o and -150o to -30o contributes most to site boundary : Radconn x Dominated by neutrons (Radconn) Neutron kinetic energy and vertex from segmented hall detector and comparison between PREX-I and PREXII is done Side 1 :30o to 150o Back : 150o to -150o Forward : -30o to 30o Dump z Beam Side 2 : -150o to -30o This can also be done for e± and γ 29
30 Radiation Power Summary Forward: -30 < θ < 30 Back: 150 < θ < -150 PREXI PREXII PREXI PREXII Type E Range Power Power Improvement Power Power Improvement (MeV) (W/uA) (W/uA) (%) (W/uA) (W/uA) (%) KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E e± 10<KE 1.89E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E γ 10<KE 2.02E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E n 10<KE 1.51E E E E Side 1: 30 < θ < 150 Side 2: -150 < θ < -30 PREXI PREXII PREXI PREXII Type E Range Power Power Improvement Power Power Improvement (MeV) (W/uA) (W/uA) (W/uA) (%) (W/uA) (%) KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E e± 10<KE 2.33E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E γ 10<KE 6.98E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E n 10<KE 9.79E E E E
31 Radiation Flux Summary Forward: -30 < θ < 30 Back: 150 < θ < -150 PREXI PREXII PREXI PREXII Type E Range Flux Flux Improvement Flux Flux Improvement (MeV) (per UA) (per UA) (%) (per UA) (per UA) (%) KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E e± 10<KE 2.42E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E γ 10<KE 3.38E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E n 10<KE 1.43E E E E Side 1: 30 < θ < 150 Side 2: -150 < θ < -30 PREXI PREXII PREXI PREXII Type E Range Flux Flux Improvement Flux Flux Improvement (MeV) (per UA) (per UA) (%) (per UA) (per UA) (%) KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E e± 10<KE 8.32E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E γ 10<KE 2.41E E E E KE< E E E E <KE< E E E E n 10<KE 1.03E E E E
32 Radiation Power Summary E. Range (MeV) E<10 Photons E>10 E<0.10 Neutrons 0.1<E<10 E>10 E<10 Electrons E>10 PREX-I (W/uA) E E E Error (%) PREX-II (W/uA) E E E Error (%) Flux Dose Reduction Reduction wrt PREXI wrt PREXI (%) (%)
33 Radiation Flux Summary E. Range (MeV) E<10 Photons E>10 E<0.10 Neutrons 0.1<E<10 E>10 E<10 Electrons E>10 PREX-I (per ua) 5.49E E E E E E E+11 Error (%) PREX-II (per ua) 6.12E E E E E E E+09 Error (%) Flux Dose Reductio Reductio n wrt n wrt PREXI PREXI (%) (%)
34 Activation Studies Activation studies need to be done to estimate the radiation dose at scattering chamber, sieve box, collimator, and etc. Required FLUKA and Lorenzo Zana is working on this project The dose rates estimated using these activation studies will be used to prepare a deinstallation plan for scattering chamber, sieve box, collimator, and etc. See reference elog
35 Activation Studies For activation in PREX, neutron flux is the dominant contributor FLUKA does not handle hadron electro-production well fluxes from PREX target FLUKA Handles hadron photo-production well fluxes from PREX collimator Therefore PREX target fluxes are generated from GEANT4 and fed to FLUKA Current estimates of radiation does rates due to activation are based on older design of the experiment Outdated results A new simulation is done with latest collimator design 35
36 Activation Studies Fluka estimated radiation dose rate (mrem/h) one week after PREX-II running 36
37 Current Status Collimator design We have a collimator design that can reach our goals PREX-I blocked only down to 1.27o and generated large background electron,photon, and neutron fluxes downstream (DS) of the collimator at septum and beam pipes PREX-II collimator+shielding reduced these fluxes up-to 90% by blocking electrons down to 0.78o Isolate neutron production to mostly within the collimator Best for shielding Initial heat calculation from engineering have shown that cooling for the collimator is doable More from Alan Neutron shielding Reduction of neutron flux (0.1<E<10 MeV) by order of magnitude The Optimized shielding design will be implemented due to its advantages Out-gassing may be an issue for water vessel in vacuum : Need vacuum tight vessel Tweak water vessel height to leave a vacuum gap on top 37
38 Current Status Septum magnet fringe field Results from simulation show that extending magnetic shielding on either side of the septum pipe by about 30 cm remove the fringe field radiation issues This fix would require additional engineering time and cost but it is a very important fix that we need We can now proceed with our current collimator design and neutron shielding designs Leak tight vessel design May need better heat transfer for water vessel Activation studies are on-going We need disassembly plan for scattering chamber, collimator, and SC attachment 38
39 PREX-II Do-To List Simulation based activation studies (for production running and decommissioning) Target chamber, beam line, and HRS' vacuum couplings Septum magnet implementation (require new coils) Polarimeter restorations (Moller and Compton) Resurrect the DAQ system Detector studies New PREX-II lead target construction Raster synchronization Source : 39
40 Supplementary 40
41 PREX-I Radiation Issues From Kent Paschke : PREX Collaboration meeting talk 41
42 PREX-II Scattering Chamber Area From Kent Paschke : PREX Collaboration meeting talk 42
43 PREX-II Collimator Design References : final summary at elog
44 Specifications Comparison Radiated out through the Collimator Photons Neutrons E Range (MeV) E<10 E>10 E< <E<10 E>10 Passed to the Beamline from Collimator Interactions PREX-II PREX-I (W/uA) (W/uA) Photons Electrons + Positrons E Range PREX-II PREX-I (MeV) (W/uA) (W/uA) E< E> E<10 E>10 Total Electrons + Positrons Total E<10 E> Collimator Power Summary PREX-II PREX-I (W/uA) (W/uA) Intercepted Radiated out Into Beamline Deposited
45 Specifications Comparison (Fluxes) Radiated out through the Collimator E Range PREX-II PREX-I (MeV) (10^12 /ua) (10^12 /ua) E< Photons E> Neutrons E< <E<10 E>10 Electrons + Positrons E<10 E>10 Total
46 Neutron Radiation Spectrum 1 < KineE < 20 MeV KineE < 1 MeV 46
47 Longitudinal Power Distribution (W/uA) PREX-I PREX-II 47
48 PREX-I Transverse (XY) Power Distribution Upstream Downstream 48
49 PREX-II Transverse (XY) Power Distribution Upstream Downstream 49
50 PREX-II Hall Background Radiation References : elog
51 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Kinetic energy distribution of neutron radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector PREX-II Shielded PREX-I 51
52 Hall Background Radiation Comparison Kinetic energy distribution of neutron radiation intercepted by the Hall Detector PREX-II Shielded PREX-I 52
53 Radiation Power Summary Power in vertex range -110<z_0< 135 cm E. Range PREX-I (MeV) (W/uA) E< Photons E> E< E <E< E-03 Neutrons E> E-03 E< Electrons E> PREX-II Error (W/uA) (%) E E E Flux Dose Reduction Reduction wrt PREXI wrt PREXI (%) (%) Power in vertex range 135<z_0<3400 cm E. Range PREX-I (MeV) (W/uA) E< Photons E> E< E <E< E-04 Neutrons E> E-03 E< Electrons E> Flux Dose Reduction Reduction PREX-II Error wrt PREXI wrt PREXI (W/uA) (%) (%) (%) E E E
54 Radiation Flux Summary Flux in vertex range -110<z_0< 135 cm E. Range PREX-I Error (MeV) (per ua) (%) E< E+12 Photons E> E+11 E< E <E< E+10 Neutrons E> E+08 E< E+10 Electrons E> E+10 PREX-II Error (per ua) (%) E E E E E E E+09 Flux Dose Reduction Reduction wrt PREXI wrt PREXI (%) (%) Flux in vertex range 135<z_0<3400 cm E. Range PREX-I Error (MeV) (per ua) (%) E< E+12 Photons E> E+11 E< E <E< E+09 Neutrons E> E+08 E< E+11 Electrons E> E+11 Flux Dose Reduction Reduction PREX-II Error wrt PREXI wrt PREXI (per ua) (%) (%) (%) E E E E E E E
55 Neutron Shielding 55
56 Neutron 56 Curve shows the displacement damage in Silicon relative to the damage caused by a 1MeV Neutron
57 Neutron Shielding Design 57
58 Neutron Shielding Design 58
59 Neutron Shielding Design 59
60 Neutron Shielding Design 60
61 Neutron Shielding Design 61
62 Neutron Shielding Specifications Table-1 : Plastic Shielding Power Deposit Summary Neutrons PREX-II PREX-II E Range Default Optimized Differen (MeV) (W/uA) (W/uA) ce (%) E< E E <E< E E <E 1.16E E Table-2 : Reduction in Neutron Flux w.r.t PREX-I Neutrons PREX-II PREX-II E Range Default Optimized Difference (MeV) (per ua) (per ua) (%) E< E E <E< E E <E 1.34E E
63 Neutron Shielding Specifications Default Shield Optimized Shield
64 High Energy Neutrons To make a better estimate for the site boundary radiation 64
65 Neutron Energy Distribution for -30 o < θ < 30o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 65
66 Neutron Vertex Distribution for -30 o < θ < 30o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 66
67 Neutron Energy Distribution for 30o < θ < 150o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 67
68 Neutron Vertex Distribution for 30 o < θ < 150o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 68
69 Neutron Energy Distribution for 150 o < θ < -150o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 69
70 Neutron Vertex Distribution for 150 o < θ < -150o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 70
71 Neutron Energy Distribution for -150 o < θ < -30o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 71
72 Neutron Vertex Distribution for -150 o < θ < -30o PREX-I E<0.1 MeV PREX-II E<0.1 MeV PREX-I 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-II 0.1< E<10 MeV PREX-I E>10 MeV PREX-II E>10 MeV 72
73 Fringe Field : Standard 73
74 Fringe Field : 10 cm Add. Shield 74
75 Fringe Field : 30 cm Add. Shield 75
76 Septum Fringe Field Effects The following table summarizes the absolute power of the hall radiation at Hall Detector Total Power from all vertices PREX-II with PREX-II with E. Range PREX-II Fringe Field 30 cm extnd (MeV) (W/uA) (W/uA) (W/uA) E< Photons 500>E> E<0.10 Neutrons 0.1<E<10 50>E>10 E<10 Electrons + Positrons 500>E> E E E E E E E E E
77 Hall Radiation e± Vertex Distributions Background e± vertex distributions for radiation that crossed the Hall Detector 77
78 Hall Radiation Vertex Distributions Background photon vertex distributions for radiation that crossed the Hall Detector 78
79 Hall Radiation n Vertex Distributions Background neutron vertex distributions for radiation that crossed the Hall Detector 79
80 Dose Calculation Current Time Efficiency Factor (ua) (Weeks) (%) (ua.weeks) PREX-I PREX-I Total PREX-II Total
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