Element atoms join together to form an element it can not be broken down into simpler substances 118 known elements 1 92 except elements 43 and 61

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 What is an Element? What particles make up an atom? Element atoms join together to form an element it can not be broken down into simpler substances 118 known elements 1 92 except elements 43 and 61 Atom smallest part of an element all atoms share the same properties made of protons, neutrons, electrons central portion is = nucleus Periodic Table page table that groups elements according to the atomic mass each element is assigned an atomic number to represent it may look different from another periodic table look in planner compare to book, smart board elements group into families/group = columns, each named periods = rows Look at the Periodic Table Every Periodic Table will have this: Symbol Name Atomic Number tells how many protons in the nucleus Atomic Mass total mass of atom Find Lithium Potassium Mercury Tin Boron Oct 6 3:02 PM 1

2 SMART Minerals.notebook Oct 22 11:24 AM 2

3 What do you notice about the symbols of each element? some match the name no relationship with name all capital first letter capital, second letter lower case the letter l or L How many elements are in these compounds? H 2 O CHO NaCl How many atoms are in the above compounds? H 2 O CHO NaCl Oct 9 2:16 PM 3

4 Video Minerals 2.2 Minerals What are five Characteristics of a mineral? What processes result in the formation of minerals? How can minerals be classified? What are the major groups of minerals? Mineral naturally occurring, nonliving solid, with a definite structure and composition Characteristics formed by natural processes by the Earth, not made in a lab minerals inorganic = nonliving not made of living matter coal made from living plants and animals wood made of trees solid definite shape definite chemical composition elements quartz silicon and oxygen atoms arranged in a pattern form a geometric shape = crystal crystal = atoms arranged in a repeating pattern Formation of Minerals 1. Cooling of magma cools atoms line up until no more atoms are present 2. Evaporation minerals in a liquid, water evaporates leaving behind atoms of a mineral salt water evaporates leaving behind halite rock salt 3. Changes in temperature and pressure 4. Hydrothermal Solutions Oct 10 12:47 PM 4

5 Name What is a mineral? 1. List the 5 characteristics of a mineral. 2. Define element. 3. Define compound. 4. What is a crystal? 5. What does inorganic mean? 6. How would you determine if a substance had a crystalline structure? 7. What element has the atomic number 32? 8. What are the 3 types of elements listed on the periodic table? 9. List element name and the number of elements in the compound KNO What group is Cesium located in? Oct 13 1:02 PM 5

6 Mineral Compositions 98% of the Earth s crust is made of 8 elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium 4000 Minerals Major groups of Minerals Silicates largest group contains silicon and oxygen (most abundant in the Earth s crust) Non silicates 1. Carbonates (CO 3) carbon and oxygen 2. Oxides compounds of elements and oxygen 3. Sulfides compounds of elements and sulfur 4. Sulfates (SO 4) compounds of elements with sulfur and oxygen 5. Halide compounds of elements and chlorine, fluorine, iodine, bromine that combine with sodium, potassium, calcium 6. Native Element one element MoS 2 S SrSO 4 FeCO 3 KCl SNO (Ca,Mg) 2Si 2O 6 Pop quiz: next page Composition is not the only way to identify a mineral. Physical Properties properties you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance Mineral Identification 1. Color 2. Hardness how easy is it scratch talc is the softest diamond is the hardest Moh s scale of hardness list of the 10 most common minerals from = softest 10 = hardest 3. Luster shiny or dull metallic shines like metal nonmetallic dull 4. Streak color of a mineral when broken up and powdered 5. Cleavage minerals break along smooth flat surfaces 6. Fracture minerals break with a rough or jagged edge 7. HCL hydrochloric acid Oct 13 12:56 PM 6

7 Name Classify each mineral into its appropriate group by using the chemical formula. Silicates = SNative Elements = N Carbonates = COxides = 0 Sulfides = SuHalides = H Sulfates = Sa CaCO 3 AlO KAlSiO NaCl FeS S CuFeS FeO Au CaSO 4 CaF Cu AlSiOF SnO MgSiO(OH) Oct 13 12:57 PM 7

8 Pop Quiz 1. What are the five characteristics of a mineral? 2. What are the rows on a periodic table called? 3. What are the columns on a periodic table called? 4. What two classes are the minerals divided into? 5. What are the sub classes for one of these classes? 6. What are you looking for in the subclasses? Answers 1. What are the five characteristics of a mineral? naturally occuring non living solid definite structure definite composition 2. What are the rows on a periodic table called? periods 3. What are the columns on a periodic table called? groups or families 4. What two classes are the minerals divided into? silicates or non silicates 5. What are the sub classes for one of these classes? carbonates halides native element oxides sulfides sulfates 6. What are you looking for in the subclasses? carbonate CO 3 Halide Na, K, Ca with F, Cl, I, Br native element single element oxides with O sulfides with S sulfate SO 4 Oct 17 12:42 PM 8

9 MineralChemical Formula AdamiteZn 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) AndraniteCa 3 Fe 3+ 2Si 3 O 12 AnglesitePbSO 4 AnhydriteCaSO 4 BariteBaSO 4 BorniteCu2FeS4 CalciteCaCO 3 CelestineSrSO 4 CerussitePbCO 3 ChalcopyriteCuFeS2 Chlorapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl CopperCu CorundumAl 2 O 3 Fluorapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F FluoriteCaF 2 Franklinite(Zn,Fe 2+ )(Fe 3+ ) 2 O 4 GalaxiteMnAl 2 O 4 GalenaPbS GlauberiteNa 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 2 GoldAu GrossularCa 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 HaliteNaCl HydrohaliteNaCl 2H 2 O Hydroxylapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH Kimzeyite Ca 3 (Zr,Ti) 2 (Si,Al,Fe 3+ ) 3 O 12 Knorringite Mg 3 Cr 2 Si 3 O 12 LeadPb MagnesiteMgCO 3 MagnetiteFe 2+ Fe 3+ 2O 4 Majorite Mg 3 (Fe,Al,Si) 2 Si 3 O 12 NickelNi ParadimateZn 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) PyriteFeS 2 SideriteFeCO SilverAg 3 SphaleriteZnS StishoviteSiO 2 StrontianiteSrCO 3 Oct 19 1:50 PM 9

10 Please classify each mineral into its appropriate category using the following labels: N = Native Element S = Silicate O = Oxide H = Halide Su = Sulfide Sa = Sulfate C = Carbonate ClassMineralChemical Formula AdamiteZn 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) Andranite Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12 Anglesite PbSO 4 Anhydrite CaSO 4 Barite BaSO 4 Bornite Cu 2 FeS 4 Calcite CaCO 3 Celestine SrSO 4 Cerussite PbCO 3 Chalcopyrite CuFeS 2 Chlorapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl Copper Cu Corundum Al 2 O 3 Fluorapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F Fluorite CaF 2 Franklinite (Zn,Fe)(Fe) 2 O 4 Galaxite MnAl 2 O 4 Galena PbS Glauberite Na 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 2 Gold Au Grossular Ca 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 Halite NaCl Hydrohalite NaCl 2H 2 O Hydroxylapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH Kimzeyite Ca 3 (Zr,Ti) 2 (Si,Al,Fe) 3 O 12 Knorringite Mg 3 Cr 2 Si 3 O 12 Lead Pb Magnesite MgCO 3 Magnetite FeFe 2 O 4 Majorite Mg 3 (Fe,Al,Si) 2 Si 3 O 12 Nickel Ni Paradimate Zn 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) Pyrite FeS 2 Siderite FeCO 3 Silver Ag Sphalerite ZnS Stishovite SiO 2 Strontianite SrCO 3 Oct 15 12:57 PM 10

11 KEY MineralChemical Formula Native Element GoldAu SilverAg CopperCu LeadPb NickelNi Sulfides ChalcopyriteCuFeS 2 BorniteCu 2 FeS 4 GalenaPbS SphaleriteZnS PyriteFeS 2 Oxides CorundumAl 2 O 3 StishoviteSiO 2 GalaxiteMnAl 2 O 4 MagnetiteFe 2+ Fe 3+ 2O 4 Franklinite(Zn,Fe 2+ )(Fe 3+ ) 2 O 4 Halides HaliteNaCl HydrohaliteNaCl 2H 2 O FluoriteCaF 2 Carbonate Calcite CaCO 3 MagnesiteMgCO 3 SideriteFeCO 3 CerussitePbCO 3 StrontianiteSrCO 3 Sulfate Barite BaSO 4 CelestineSrSO 4 AnglesitePbSO 4 AnhydriteCaSO 4 GlauberiteNa 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 2 Phosphates Adamite Zn 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) Fluorapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F Chlorapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl Hydroxylapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH ParadimateZn 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) Nesosilicates AndraniteCa 3 Fe 3+ 2Si 3 O 12 GrossularCa 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 Knorringite Mg 3 Cr 2 Si 3 O 12 Majorite Mg 3 (Fe,Al,Si) 2 Si 3 O 12 Kimzeyite Ca 3 (Zr,Ti) 2 (Si,Al,Fe 3+ ) 3 O 12 Nov 23 11:02 AM 11

12 Formation of Minerals cooling of magma cools atoms line up until no more atoms are present evaporation minerals in a liquid, water evaporates leaving behind atoms of a mineral salt water evaporates leaving behind halite rock salt Oct 23 11:31 AM 12