A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Elements are made up of identical atoms
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1 Atoms and Elements Objective: S Define element and identify symbols of some common elements & S Explain the atomic structure of an element in terms of the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons and explain how these numbers define atomic number and atomic mass.
2 What is an element? 2 Oxygen atoms together are still the element Oxygen An element is: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Elements are made up of identical atoms Elements will become the focus for the next little while but we need a way to classify and name elements JJ Berzelius in 1817 proposed a naming system that would indicate elements across languages He proposed to use chemical symbols, an abbreviation for elements
3 Chemical symbol There are a couple of rules to follow when choosing chemical symbols A single-letter symbol is always capitalized (Carbon = C) The first letter of a two-letter symbol is always capitalized, but the second letter is lower case (Aluminum = Al) NNitrogen Ni Nickel No matter where you go or who you speak to, Nickel will always have the chemical symbol of Ni same goes for Nitrogen having a symbol of N and so on No Nobelium
4 What about naming the elements? Elements are named from 3 main sources Historical naming (often from Latin) Named after a significant scientist Named after a university or a place where it was discovered
5 Special element names Spend 5 minutes with your elbow partner Find as many elements as you can that follow these last 3 rules we went over**
6 Some of the elements you might have found! Element name Chemical Symbol Origin Gold Au Aurum (Latin) Silver Ag Argentum (Latin) Tungsten W Wolfram (Swedish) Lead Pb Plumbum (Latin) Scandium Sc Scandinavia Berkelium Bk University of Berkley Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein Iron Fe Ferrum Tin Sn Stannum (Latin) Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum (Latin)
7 So which ones do I need to know? In total, you need to memorize 32 elements and their symbols! Hydrogen (H) Helium (He) Lithium (Li) Beryllium (Be) Boron (B) Carbon (C) Nitrogen (N) Oxygen (O) Fluorine (F) Neon (Ne) Sodium (Na) Magnesium (Mg) Aluminum (Al) Silicon (Si) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S) Chlorine (Cl) Argon (Ar) Potassium (K) Calcium (Ca) Nickel (Ni) Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Iodine (I) Silver (Ag) Tin (Sn) Gold (Au) Tungsten (W) Mercury (Hg) Lead (Pb) Uranium (U)
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9 32 is too many elements! How am I supposed to know all of those??? Don t worry! Memorizing the elements is actually pretty easy once you get the hang of it, there s only a couple that are tricky! Flash card will help and quizzing yourself for 10 minutes everyday is a good place to start! Some of the hard ones are: Gold vs Silver Potassium vs Phosphorus Beryllium vs Boron etc
10 Atomic Structure We have learned about the atomic theory through history but we have not yet talked about the make up of an atom An atom is not the smallest particle of matter but are the smallest building block for all matter There are particles within an atom called subatomic particles The arrangement of subatomic particles dictates what type and what properties an atom has.
11 Subatomic Particles There are many different kinds of subatomic particles but we will concern ourselves with 3 of them Protons = positive charges Neutrons = no charge Electrons = negative charge Depending on what type of atom we have, there will be a different amount
12 Subatomic Particles We categorize elements based on their atomic number and atomic mass The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom For right now it will also be the same number of electrons The atomic mass is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Electrons will never add to the mass of an atom since they are so small
13 How do we read atomic notation Atomic notation will tell us The chemical symbol The atomic number The atomic mass The atomic number is unique to only one atom and equals the number of protons that atom has inside its nucleus The atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons an atom has in its nucleus. It is rounded to the nearest whole number value usually 64 OR
14 How we read cont 64
15 A little practice Element Name Atomic Atomic Mass of Protons of Electrons of Neutrons
16 A little practice Element Name Atomic Atomic Mass of Protons of Electrons of Neutrons
17 A little practice Element Name Atomic Atomic Mass of Protons of Electrons of Neutrons
18 Define element and identify symbols of some common elements Our Objective: Spend some time today memorizing the 32 elements you are responsible for, quiz your friends! Definitions and Atoms and Elements Outcome Questions can be completed! & Explain the atomic structure of an element in terms of the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons and explain how these numbers define atomic number and atomic mass. Your Homework Question: What is the difference between an Atom and an Element? Out of 3 marks like last time
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