3/1/2010. created by Ms Janelle Tay\2010. Learning Objectives

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1 1 Learning Objectives Define what elements, compounds and mixtures are. Give the names and symbols of common elements. State how elements are classified. State what the building block of an element is. Describe the differences between compounds and mixtures. 2 1

2 What is an element? An element is a pure substance which is made up of. 1 type of atom only - E.g. Gold Ring is made of the element gold, which consists of gold atoms. An element by chemical methods. cannot be broken down into simpler substances Refer to your periodic table for the list of elements available now. 3 How do we represent elements? Each element has a name and. chemical symbol The symbol for an element consists of either one or two letters. **NOTE: The first letter is a capital letter while the second is a small letter. Mg mg mg MG 4 2

3 Mini-Quiz Part 1 What are the chemical symbols of the following elements? (a) Bromine (b) Silver (c) Uranium (d) Antimony (e) Tungsten Br Ag U Sb W 5 Mini-Quiz Part 2 What are the names of the elements with the following chemical symbols? (a) Si (b) P (c) Sn (d) Pb (e) Au Silicon Phosphorus Tin Lead Gold 6 3

4 How do we classify elements? Classification of elements by state Their physical state at room temperature Examples: Solid state Liquid State Gaseous State Sodium Magnesium Mercury Oxygen Hydrogen 7 How do we classify elements? Classification of elements as metals and non-metals Metals - Shiny appearances - Dull appearances - High Densities - Low densities Non-metals - High melting and boiling point - Low melting and boiling points -Good thermal and electrical conductors - Poor thermal and electrical conductors - Ductile - Non-ductile - Malleable - Brittle - Sonorous - Non-sonorous Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals 8 4

5 Elements Sodium Copper Argon Hydrogen Oxygen Iodine Made up of Sodium atoms Copper atoms Argon atoms Hydrogen molecules Oxygen molecules Iodine molecules 9 Molecular Drawing of Element Type of element Monatomic element E.g. Elements from Group 8 Helium (He), Neon (Ne) Diagram Metals E.g. Zinc, Copper Molecules E.g. hydrogen gas, oxygen gas 10 5

6 Molecules A molecule is a group of two that or more atoms are (joined chemically combined together). Example: Oxygen gas, hydrogen gas. Oxygen gas 11 Mini-Quiz Thinking Process! A pure element is made up of one type of atom only. 12 6

7 What is a Compound? A compound is a substance which is made up of 2 or more types of elements. chemically joined together E.g. Water H 2 0 Sodium chloride NaCl Calcium carbonate CaCO 3 Sodium chloride 13 Compounds The ratio of the number of different atoms in a compound is. fixed E.g. A water molecule is always made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. 14 7

8 Compounds The properties of a compound differs from the properties of the individual elements from which it was originally formed. There is usually some form of energy taken in or given out when a compound is formed. Methane gas 15 Compound Water Compounds Chemical formula H 2 O Made up of Water molecules Carbon dioxide C0 2 Methane CH 4 Sodium chloride NaCl Silver nitrate AgNO 3 Carbon dioxide molecules Methane molecules Sodium ions and chloride ions Silver ions and nitrate ions 16 8

9 Mixtures Mixtures are formed when two or more substances are added together without chemical bonds being formed. Mixtures can be made up of elements and compounds. The components of a mixture are not fixed. 17 Milo Dinosaur Examples of Mixtures Ingredients: Milo powder, water, milk, sugar The amount added for each ingredient is not fixed! 18 9

10 Examples of Mixtures Mixture Air Salt solution Made up of Different gases (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc) Salt (sodium chloride) and water 19 Molecular Drawing of Mixtures Type of Mixture A mixture of two elements e.g. Neon (Ne) and Hydrogen (H 2 ) Diagram A mixture of two compounds e.g. water (H 2 O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) A mixture of one element and one compound e.g. Argon (Ar) and carbon monoxide (CO) 20 10

11 Differences between a mixture and a compound Mixture Compound Separation Components of a mixture can be separated by physical methods, e.g. filtration. Elements in compound can only be separated by chemical reactions. Composition No fixed composition Has a fixed composition by mass Properties The chemical properties of a mixture are the same as those of its components. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are different from those of the elements in the compounds. Energy Change No chemical reaction takes place A chemical reaction takes place when a mixture is formed usually when a compound is formed there is little or no energy change. usually there is an energy change (e.g. the reactants get hot). 21 Exercise 22 11

12 Exercise 23 12

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