Trophic ecology of Southern Ocean sea stars inferred from stable isotopes ratios of C and N
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1 Trophic ecology of Southern Ocean sea stars inferred from stable isotopes ratios of C and N Baptiste Le Bourg, Alice Blanchard, Bruno Danis, Quentin Jossart, Gilles Lepoint, Camille Moreau, Loïc N. Michel pictures: Norbert Wu, Dirk Schories
2 12% of known sea star species living in the Southern Ocean Important group of Antarctic benthos with known trophic diversity Predator (ex: Lophaster gaini) Scavenger (ex: Odontaster validus) Ciliary mucous-feeder (ex: Glabraster antarctica) Sea stars will have to face new kind of stress because of climate change pictures: Shawn Harper, Norbert Wu
3 Antarctic: ice-covered waters during winter Subantarctic: ice-free waters during winter Ocean temperature trend ( C/yr, ) Sea ice extent monthly trend (106 km2, ) Parkinson and Cavalier, 2012 Meredith and King, 2005 Western Antarctic: increase of ocean temperature and decrease of sea ice extent Impact on potential prey of sea stars
4 Objectives To compare regional differences of trophic diversity, variability and plasticity in Antarctic and Subantarctic regions Isotopic niches Trophic diversity: differences in trophic ecology between species? Trophic variability: specialist or generalist species? Trophic plasticity: ability to modify trophic ecology?
5 Using stable isotopes in trophic ecology Stable isotope composition of an organism reflects stable isotope composition of its food Isotopic niche trophic niches estimation of trophic diversity, trophic plasticity and diet overlap with ellipse areas (SIBER package of R) Generalist Specialist No overlap Overlap 11 δ15n δ13c
6 Sampling 13 species (138 specimens) South Shetland Islands: Antarctic South Shetland Islands South Georgia: Subantarctic South Georgia 1000 km δ13c and δ15n in tegument measured by EA-IRMS Specimens provided by British Antarctic Survey
7 South Shetland Islands Acodontaster sp. δ15n Bathybiaster loripes Chitonaster sp. Labidiaster annulatus Perknaster sp. δ13c Few differences between the most sampled species Low dispersion of stable isotope ratios High overlap (may be higher than 50 % for some species)
8 South Shetland Islands Area ( 2) Acodontaster sp. Bathybiaster loripes Chitonaster sp. Labidiaster annulatus Perknaster sp. Few differences in isotopic niche areas between species
9 South Georgia Acodontaster sp. δ15n Glabraster antarctica Labidiaster annulatus Psilaster charcoti δ13c High δ13c range High dispersion of stable isotope ratios Low overlap (lower than 50 %)
10 Area ( 2) South Georgia Acodontaster sp. Glabraster antarctica Labidiaster annulatus Psilaster charcoti Few differences between isotopic niche areas
11 Comparison of isotopic niche areas for two species sampled in both regions Acodontaster sp. Labidiaster annulatus South Georgia Area ( 2) South Shetland Islands pictures: Paul Cziko, NIWA
12 Comparison of isotopic niche areas for two species sampled in both regions Acodontaster sp. Labidiaster annulatus South Georgia Area ( 2) South Shetland Islands pictures: Paul Cziko, NIWA
13 Comparison of isotopic niche areas for two species sampled in both regions Acodontaster sp. Labidiaster annulatus South Georgia Area ( 2) South Shetland Islands pictures: Paul Cziko, NIWA
14 Comparison of isotopic niche areas for two species sampled in both regions Acodontaster sp. Labidiaster annulatus South Georgia Area ( 2) South Shetland Islands pictures: Paul Cziko, NIWA
15 Conclusions Specialist and generalist species in both regions Antarctic (South Shetland Islands) Low isotopic diversity Subantarctic (South Georgia) High isotopic diversity Low isotopic variability High isotopic variability High overlap Low overlap More specialised diet More generalist diet How explaining? Differential sea ice covering during winter?
16 Thank you for your attention This work is part of verso (Ecosytem Response to global change: a multiscale approach in Southern Ocean) and RECTO (Refugia and Ecosystem Tolerance in the Southern Ocean) projects funded by BELSPO picture: Norbert Wu
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