Tania Ostolaza Fernández sharpandsavvy.es UNIT 5. RELATIONSHIPS IN ECOSYSTEMS ACTIVITIES

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1 UNIT 5. RELATIONSHIPS IN ECOSYSTEMS ACTIVITIES CHECK YOUR LEARNING Answer the following questions. Use full sentences and be careful with your handwriting. INTERRELATIONSHIPS. FOOD CHAINS & FOOD WEBS. 1. Loot at the photographs to the right. Which are the components of a rabbit s environment? Explain 2. Complete the text using these words. Scavengers - webs - light - factors - animals - modify - producers - break down - algae - adapt Living things are affected by different in the environment, for example, water and soil. Living things can also or to their environment. Living things can be: : organisms that produce their own food, like plants and. Consumers: organisms that feed on other living things, like. : organisms that feed on dead animals. Decomposers: organisms that dead plants and animals. Feeding relationships in ecosystems can be shown with food chains and. 1

2 3. Look at his photograph. Which factors affect this terrestrial ecosystem? How do they affect it? 4. Look at the picture. Which living things are producers in this ecosystem? The producers in this ecosystems are. Which are the primary consumers? The Primary Name a secondary consumer and a tertiary consumer Find two food chains and draw them with arrows. 2

3 5. Read and answer the question. In a wheat field there are grasshoppers that eat the wheat, lizards that eat the grasshoppers and hawks that eat the lizards. Identify the producers and the primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Producers Primary Secondary Tertiary There are also field mice in the wheat field. They eat the wheat and are eaten by the hawks. Use the information in the two boxes to draw a food web for this wheat field. What do you think decomposers do in this ecosystem? 3

4 INTERESPECIFIC & INTRAESPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS 6. What types of relationships are these? a. Bears eat blackberries. Blackberries seeds are dispersed in bear excrements. b. Snails and grasshoppers eat grass. c. Head lice live on the human scalp. d. Barnacles attach to whales for transport. 7. Look at the following photos and identify the different relationships a. d. b. e. c. f. 8. Decide if the following sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones a. All animals are consumers because they cannot make their own food. b. A food chain shows how each living thing reproduces. c. Plants are sometimes producers and other times consumers. 4

5 d. A food chain always ends with a predator. e. Food webs and food chains are the same. 9. Match a. An animal captures, kills and eats other animals 1. commensalism of a different species. b. A relationship between two organisms which 2. parasitism benefits both of them. c. A relationship which benefits one organism and 3. predation doesn t harm of benefit he other. d. One organism benefits while the other 4. mutualism organism is hurt THINK Answer the following questions. Use full sentences and be careful with your handwriting. 1. What main factors do you think affect these living things? A pine tree A rabbit 5

6 2. Are these adaptations related to temperature, light or water? Some algae have gas bladders to keep upright and reach the water surface. In winter, some animals hibernate and some trees lose heir leaves. Some plants store water in their stems. 3. What types of relationships do humans have with other species? Explain using some examples 4. Why do you think birds fly in groups? Find out why they fly in a V-formation. 5. Explain the following sentence. Give examples. In an ecosystem, the same animal can be both predator and prey. 6

7 6. Study these food chains. Each letter represents a different living thing. Draw a food web that includes all three food chains. Star by identifying the producers and primary and secondary consumers. 7. Can you think of an animal which is both a primary consumer and a secondary consumer? In the spring, the white fur of Artic fox turns brown. Explain the advantage of this adaptation. 7

8 DID YOU KNOW? Krill: tiny but essential Read the following text about Krill. Then, answer this question: What living things are essential in this marine ecosystem? Why? Many animals live in the cold waters around the Antarctica, for example, penguins, marine birds and several species of seals and whales. What do all these animals feed on in such a cold place with almost no plants? The answer is krill. Krill are small crustaceans that are similar to shrimp. They are by far the most important living things in this ecosystem. Krill are about five centimetres long and weigh up to 2 grams, but they form groups of millions of organisms which extend several kilometres in the sea. Krill feed on abundant microscopic algae, called plankton, which live near the surface of the water. In turn, krill are food for penguins, whales, seals and many other animals. In fact, if krill disappeared, most living things in Antarctica and the surrounding ocean would die as well. As an example of how important krill is in this ecosystem, a whale can eat up to four tones of these tiny crustaceans a day! Think. Which situation would be more dangerous for the Antarctic ecosystem: the extinction of krill or the extinction of whales? Explain. 8

9 LET S WORK TOGETHER ü Build a food web. Draw a forest food web including these living things: fox, rabbit, grasshopper, strawberry tree, mouse, grass, beech tree and crow. Use this information to build your food web: foxes eat small mammals, fruits and insects; rabbits and grasshoppers eat grass; mice eat fruits and seeds; and crows feed on fruits and small insects. 1.- Classify them in a table according to what they eat. producers primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers 2.- To start building the food web, organize the living things in levels. First level: producers ] Second level: primary consumers ] Third level: secondary consumers ] Fourth level: tertiary consumers ] 3.- Finally, draw arrows to show the feeding relationships among the living things. Remember the arrows in a food web always point from the food to the consumer. Look at the example to create yours. 9

10 SHOW YOUR SKILLS Choose ONE of the following projects ü Modifying the environment Beaver dams change rivers. Search the Internet for two more examples of living things that modify the environment. Prepare a poster or a computer presentation. ü Relationships Search the Internet for examples of each type of theses types of relationships. Prepare a poster or a computer presentation. Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Competition ü Clown fish and sea anemone Search the Internet for information about the clown fish and the sea. - Is the sea anemone a plant or an animal? - What is the relationship between these to living things? Now, search for another example of the same type of relationship. Prepare a poster with both examples. ü Adaptations Find out about a plant or animal adaptation and prepare a poster. ü Tapeworms Tapeworms are parasites in humans. Search the Internet for information about tapeworms and prepare a poster. 10

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