Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry

Transcription

1 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Introduction Duration: 1.0 weeks Recall a definition of chemistry Compare and contrast mass and weight Explain why chemist are interested in a submicroscopic definition of matter Understand the process and stages of scientific problem solving Compare and contrast types of variables Understand the differences between scientific law and scientific theory Compare and contrast pure and applied research Understand there are levels of complexity in thinking, and how this is relevant to chemistry State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C UNIT OUTLINE What is Chemistry and where is it used? o Ice breaker activity o How the brain works for memory Scientific Method Activity Remediation: Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

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3 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Safety Duration: 1 weeks Know what an MSDS and NFPA label look like, and what types of information they contain Interpret chemical labels Differentiate between the terms caution, warning and danger Know how to behave in case of a lab accident Know what the terms toxicity, chronic toxicity, acute toxicity, mutagens, teratogens, carcinogens and LD-50 mean. Understand the basics of lab safety and what types of behaviors are not acceptable Know key lab safety equipment Identify common lab equipment Understand Right-to-Know Know the difference between combustible and flammable State Standard(s): Frankly, there are no state standards for chemical safety. UNIT OUTLINE Safety Overview Find and identify lab safety equipment Safety Rules Contract Safety poster Safety Warnings Movie? NFPA and MSDS notes Internet project on MSDS and terms Introductions to lab equipment Find and identify lab equipment Practice weighing, measuring volume, Bunsen burners, hot plates

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5 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Problem Solving Duration: 2.5 weeks Be able to apply a 3-step strategy for problem-solving. Know SI units of length, mass, volume, time, temperature Know/ use/ convert simple metric prefixes and problems Know conversion factor and Dimensional Analysis Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative measurements Calculate accuracy, precision, and percent error and know the differences between them Perform calculations of density Convert complex units using Dimensional Analysis State Standard(s):3.1.A; 3.1.C: 3.2.A: 3.2.B: 3.2.C: 3.2.D: A; A Measurement and the metric system Importance of units/ Units of measure Converting metric units Problem Solving Three steps to word problems Conversion factors Conversion factor lab Dimensional Analysis Simple Complex problems/units Types of measurements o Density lab Accuracy/ Precision/ Percent Error Accuracy and Precision activities Worksheets and Percent Error

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7 Subject Area: Honors Lab chemistry Unit: Matter Duration: 2 weeks Recall the three states of matter and their general properties Understand and recall definitions for physical and chemical properties Know the difference between elements, mixtures and compounds Categorize matter as homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures Distinguish between ways to separate mixtures and compounds Apply the laws of Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Energy Know the parts of a solution Classify changes as either being physical or chemical State Standards: 3.1.A, 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, A; A 1. Categorize types of Matter i. Discovery Activity b. Categorizing matter activity c. Notes Types of Matter d. Separate mixtures lab or chromatography e. Pizza lab 2. Physical and Chemical Properties a. Notes properties and changes b. Lab Chemical and Physical changes c. Moleionairre or other review

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9 Subject Area: Lab Chemistry Unit: Atomic Basics Duration: 2.5 weeks Recall a very brief history of Atomic Theory Know and understand the five main aspects of Dalton's Atomic Theory Understand how the Law s of Definite proportion and Multiple Proportion were developed and led to an understanding of the atom Know how the cathode ray tube and gold foil experiments lead to the development of the model of the atom Know how light was used to develop Bohr s model of the atom Understand how wavelength, frequency, velocity, and energy are all related in light Be able to calculate the energy of a photon given the wavelength and vice versa Understand what emission spectra are Know the three particles that make up the atom and their relative charges, masses and positions in the atom Know what the term isotope means Be able to use the Atomic # and Mass # of an isotope to calculate the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons Be able to calculate average atomic mass State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.B; 3.1.C; 3.1.D; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.C; A; A Atomic History Greeks to Newton Symbols and important elements Laws of Mass and Proportion M&M activity Dalton s Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Thomson and the electron Rutherford and the nucleus Pennies lab eg. Symbols, Atomic number and mass Light and Atoms Bohr s planetary model Light and energy Light theory activities Light, speed, wavelength, frequency Scientific notation Atomic Specta Emission spectra

10 Atomic colors lab Energy and frequency Explaining Atomic spectra Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Isotopes, Atomic Mass, and Ions Candium Lab Remediation: Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

11 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Quantum Mechanics Duration: 2 weeks understand Schrodinger's atomic model based on quantum mechanics and the use of probability to predict the behavior of an electron. understand the electron cloud in terms of shells, subshells, and orbitals. know how to write electron configurations and orbital diagrams (for elements up to #86) based on the Schrodinger model. understand how Schrodinger's model can be used to predict the behavior of atoms with the noble gases serving as the benchmark of stability. understand how Schrodinger's model explains family behavior in the periodic table. be familiar with Mendeleev's original organization for the perodic table and his "missing" elements. be familiar with the concept of "periodicity". be familiar with the contribution of Henry Mosely and the reorganization of the periodic table using Modern Periodic Law. be able to identify elements in the periodic table in terms of the following: periods, groups, metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, nonmetals, metalloids (semi-metals), alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. understand the periodic trends in atomic radius of atoms and the structural reasons for those trends. understand how atoms change in radius when they form ions. understand how first ionization energy changes understand how electronegativity changes State Standard(s):3.1.A; 3.1.B; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.D; A; A Review history Periodic Properties Quantum Model Differences from Bohr Probability activity Quantum numbers Shells or PQN s Subshells S, p, d, f

12 Shapes Order of filling Aufbau, Pauli, Hund o pencils and cups orbital diagram arrow diagram relate to periodic chart valence electrons Periodic Properties and how related to Quantum numbers/energy levels Remediation: Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

13 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Periodic Table Duration: 2 weeks Know what groups and periods are on the periodic table Be able to recall the family (group) names of groups 1A, 2A, 7A and 8A Know where to find metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table Know some typical properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Find the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block elements on the chart Realize that properties repeat in families Know the transition metals, rare earth names Realize that Noble gases have a stable electronic configuration, and that other elements try to achieve this configuration Recall how, and understand why, group I, II, VI and VII elements achieve pseudo noble gas electronic configurations to become more stable Recall the definition of ionization energy Recall and understand the variation in ionization energy when moving about the periodic table Recall how and why atomic radius and electronegativity vary when moving about the periodic table State Standard(s): 3.1.A; 3.1.B; 3.1.E; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.C; 3.2.D; A; A Development of the table Missing Elements activity Designing your own Table activity Organization of the table Visual cues/markers for s,p,d,f block elements Periodic Trends Poster project recommended

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15 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Ionic Compounds Duration: 1.5 weeks ALL students should; Define chemical bond Describe difference between cations and anions Relate bond formations to electron configuration Account for the properties of ionic compounds Write formulas for ionic compounds Name ionic Compounds STATE STANDARDS: 3.1A, 3.1B, 3.2A, 3.2B, 3.2C, 3.2D, A, A Bond Types and Electronegativity o Discovery lab/activity on bond types vs. properties Draw Lewis Structures/Apply to Periodic Table Use Manipulatives to Explore Nomenclature o Rules and practice sheets Nomenclature for Polyatomics, Transition Metals Ionic Compound Lab-e.g. Six Solution Lab Metallic Non-Bonding o Copper-to-Silver-to-Gold Lab

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17 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Covalent Compounds Duration: 3 weeks ALL students should; Apply the octet rule to covalent bonds Describe single, double, triple bonds Compare/contrast sigma and pi bonds Relate the strength of covalent bonds to bond length and bond energy Name binary covalent compounds Name acids Draw molecular structures using Lewis rules Understand VSEPR theory Predict the shape and bond angles in molecules Describe the properties of covalent compounds Know polar vs. nonpolar bonds and molecules STATE STANDARDS: 3.1B, 3.1C, 3.2 all, A, A UNIT OUTLINE Compare and Contrast Covalent and Ionic Bonds o Discovery activity- e.g. Solutions on Board Multiple Bonds and Strengths Covalent Properties o Lab or scavenger hunt activities Lewis Structures and Practice Naming Covalent Compounds and Simple Acids Molecular Structures Molecular Shape o Balloon activity or Ball and Stick lab Polarity o Bend Water o Chromatography lab

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19 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Reactions and Equations Duration: 2 weeks ALL students should; Recognize evidence of chemical change Represent chemical reactions with equations Classify chemical reactions Identify different types of reactions Balance chemical equations STATE STANDARDS: 3.1C, 3.1E, 3.2B, 3.2D, A, A Remediation: Discovery Activity: e.g.-effervescent Tablet into Base Chemical Change and Reactions o Equations-Types and Balancing o M&M activity Types of Reactions o Lab Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

20 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: The Mole Duration: 2 weeks ALL students should; Relate a mile to common counting units Describe how a mole is used in chemistry Convert moles to particles Calculate from grams to moles to atoms and back Recognize molar relationships in formula Calculate molar mass Calculate moles of compounds from grams Determine number of atoms or ions in a mass of a compound Calculate percent composition Determine empirical and molecular formulas Know what hydrates are Determine the formula for a hydrate STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C, 3.2.D, A, A Discovery Labs- Weighing for Counting (several) What is a mole? How large is a mole? Number of rooms for one mole of rice activity Number of Moles in Various Objects o Worksheets Determine molar mass of compounds o Drops of water on a penny activity o Worksheets Percent composition, Empirical formulas and molecular formulas o Worksheets Hydrates o Hydrate lab

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22 Subject Area: Honor Lab Chemistry Unit: Stoichiometry Duration: 2 week ALL students should; Write mole ratios from balanced equations Calculate amounts of products or reactants given the mass of another product or reactant Identify limiting reagents Determine theoretical yield Determine percent yield STATE STANDARDS: 3.1A, 3.1C, 3.2A, 3.2B, 3.2C, 3.2D, A, A Analogy-e.g. Bike Building Mole Ratios o Worksheets Mass-to-Mass Analogy o Calculate simple stoichiometry problems o Stoichiometry Lab Limiting Reagent o Worksheets/analogies Percent Yields and problems o Percent yield lab Remediation: Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

23 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Kinetic Theory and Gases Duration: 2 weeks ALL students should; Understand how Kinetic-molecular Theory explains properties of solids, liquids, and gases Explain how gas pressure is measured Explain how a change in energy can cause a phase change State the relationship among pressure, temperature, and volume in the combined gas law Use the ideal gas law to calculate problems STATE STANDARDS: 3.1A, 3.1B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.D, A, A Human molecule activity to explore P, T, V relations Kinetic theory o Diffusion of molecules activity Gas laws o Worksheets o Pressure, volume activity (eg. Weigh a car) Ideal Gas law o Worksheets Gas Lab Remediation: Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

24 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Solutions Duration: 2 weeks ALL students should; Describe characteristics of solutions Describe solubility and identify factors affecting solubility Calculate concentrations of solutions Explain and describe the four colligative properties Identify properties of suspensions and colloids STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.2.B, 3.2.D, A, A Discovery activity oil and water eg. Solutions and solubility o L Rock candy eg. Concentration o Kool-aid activity eg. Molarity worksheets Colligative properties o Boiling Pt. elevation or Freezing Pt. depression egs. Suspension o Tyndall effect activity Beer s Law Phase Diagram o Gas, Liquid, Solid Like Dissolves Like Laboratory Solubility Patterns o Periodic Trends of Alkaline Metal Salts Remediation:

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26 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Reaction Rates and Kinetics Duration: 2 week Know factors effecting the rates of reactions using collision theory Interpret the meaning of the rate of a reaction Know collision theory Interpret potential energy diagrams Calculate average rates of reaction from data Express the relationship between reaction rate and concentration Determine reaction orders using the method of initial rates State Standards: A, A, B, C, B, A, C A model for reaction rates o Expressing rates o Calculating rates o Calculating average rates o Collision theory Factors affecting rates o Nature of reactants o Concentration, Surface area, temperature, catalyst Rate Laws o Specific rate constant o Reaction order o Determining Reaction order If time : Instantaneous Reaction Rates o Reaction mechanism and rate determining step Remediation: Enrichment:

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28 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Chemical Equilibrium Duration: 2.0 week. Recognize the characteristics of chemical equilibrium. Write equilibrium expressions for systems that are at equilibrium.. Calculate equilibrium constants from concentration data.. Describe how various factors affect chemical equilibrium.. Explain how Le Chatelier s principal applies to equilibrium systems.. Determine equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C Chemical Equilibrium Discovery Lab- Does this equal same amounts of reactants and products? Factors affecting chemical equilibrium Hydrogen Bonding Using Equilibrium Constants Chemical Journal- Electrolytes Portfolio-Lead-Based Paints Problem-Solving Lab-How does fluoride prevent tooth decay? ChemLab- Comparing Two Solubility Product Constants Remediation: Enrichment: Assessment Criteria:

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30 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Acids/Bases Duration: 2 weeks ALL students should; Identify properties of acids and bases Classify solutions as acidic, basic or neutral Relate the strength of an acid to its ionization constant Calculate acid and base concentrations experimentally Write chemical equations for neutralization reactions Explain the meaning of ph and poh Know the fundamentals of neutralization Explain buffers and how they relate to ph STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.2.B, 3.2.D, A, A Acids and Bases o Properties Lab o Indicators Lab o Common Products Lab ph and poh o Titration Lab o ph Meter Lab, Science in Motion o Buffer Lab Neutralization Reaction Worksheet Remediation: Enrichment:

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32 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Organic Chemistry Duration: 2 weeks Compare and contrast the structures and properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Draw the structures for the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Nomenclature of the respective structures. Distinguish between two main categories of isomers, structural isomers and stereoisomers. State Standards: B, C, A, B, A, A Introduction to Alkanes o Viscocity of Motor Oil Discovery Lab o Analyze Hydrocarbon Burner Gases o Alternative Energy Reading assignment with questions Cycloalkanes o Naming cyclo-structures o Properties of cyclo structures Alkenes and Alkynes o Synthesis and Reactivity of Ethyne Isomers o Identifying structural, geometric and optical isomers Remediation: Enrichment:

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34 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Thermodynamics Duration: 2 weeks Explain what energy is and distinguish between potential and kinetic energy Know endothermic vs. exothermic reactions Distinguish between heat capacity and specific heat Understand and categorize various forms of energy Be able to use the formula for calculating heat energy using specific heat capacity Be able to calculate simple calorimetry problems Write thermochemical equations for reactions Describe how energy is lost or gained during changes is state Use Hess s law of summation of enthalpies of reations to calculate the enthalpy change Determine the enthalpy change for a reaction using standard enthalpies of formation State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.C; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.D; B; B; o o o o o o o o Energy Types of energy Notes Heat, temperature, endothermic, exothermic Exploring endo and exothermic lab - Flinn Specific heat and heat capacity Calorimetry Lab Thermochemical equations and enthalpy Changes in state lab and graphing Hess s law and heat of formation If Time allows Reaction spontaneity and Gibbs free energy Remediation:

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36 Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry Unit: Nuclear Chemistry Duration: 2 weeks ALL students should; Understand many nuclei are unstable Know alpha, beta, and gamma radiation Know units of measures of REM and calculate your yearly average Determine atomic number, mass, and element given by alpha and beta decay Determine half-life and apply in general to radioactive dating Determine a transmutation of 235 U to Pb to Au Know difference between fission and fusion Understand how radio activity is useful in everyday life STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.1.C, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C, 3.2.D, A, A History/Nuclear Radiation o Proton/neutron ratio o Alpha, beta, gamma rays Radioactive Decay o Worksheets o Lead to Gold activity Transmutations o Half-life calculations Fission and Fusion o Dirty Bomb internet activity Applications and Effects o Calculate your yearly dosage

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