Winter and Spring Weed Control Options for Tall Fescue Turf

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1 Winter and Spring Weed Control Options for Tall Fescue Turf Dec 26, 2010 L. S. Warren ( ) North Carolina State University

2 Mar 20, 2012

3 What are advantages to early weed identification? Can control before desired turf gets thinned out Less herbicide usually needed for control of younger plants (save money) Herbicide may not control mature plants no matter the rate (Henbit very hard to control in winter and spring) Herbicides do not kill weed seeds (you may kill the parent plant, but offspring will be unaffected)

4 Oct 24, 2008

5 Apr 6, 2009

6 Discussion Topics February through March Post annual bluegrass Post winter broadleaf weeds Post wild garlic Pre smooth crabgrass and goosegrass April through May Post crabgrass and goosegrass Post sedge and kyllinga weed species Post summer broadleaf weeds

7 Late Season Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control in Tall Fescue February through April

and recreational areas Academic grounds Tolerant turf: All warm-season species Cool-season

8 2012: Amicarbazone Receives U.S. Registration for Use in Turf Use sites: Golf courses Sod farms Commercial/Residential areas Parks and recreational areas Academic grounds Tolerant turf: All warm-season species Cool-season species: Tall fescue*** Perennial ryegrass Fine fescue Kentucky bluegrass Creeping bentgrass ***2 to 4 oz/a applied twice at 2 to 3 wk intervals if established for 6 months

9 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control in Triple Threat Ryegrass Using Amicarb at 2 and 4 oz/a lsd p= Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 15 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar Mar 6-Apr 21-Apr : Lake Wheeler Field Lab Check Induce applied at 0.25%

10 % Plot Coverage Triple Threat Ryegrass Stand Effects Using Amicarbazone at 2 and 4 oz/a lsd p= Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 15 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar Mar 6-Apr 21-Apr : Lake Wheeler Field Lab Check Induce applied at 0.25%

11 Amicarbazone + Induce 2 oz/a % Applied Feb 23 and Mar 7 Photo Apr 21

12 Amicarbazone + Induce 4 oz/a % Applied Feb 23 and Mar 7 Photo Apr 21

13 Amicarbazone + Induce 2 oz/a % Applied Feb 23 and Mar 15 Photo Apr 21

14 Amicarbazone + Induce 4 oz/a % Applied Feb 23 and Mar 15 Photo Apr 21

15 Check Photo Apr 21

16 % Control Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control Using Amicarbazone 70WG 8 lsd p= Amicarbazone + Induce 3 oz/a % Amicarbazone + Induce 4 oz/a % Amicarbazone + Induce 5 oz/a % 0 POAAN Apr : Tobacco Road Golf Club Check Applied Mar 16 and Apr 6

17 Nontreated Photo Apr 6, 2010 Amicarbazone 3 oz/a Mar 16 and Apr 6, 2010 Tobacco Road Golf Club

18 Annual Bluegrass 56 DAT Nontreated

19 Annual Bluegrass 56 DAT Amicarbazone 0.7 oz/a Foliage-only Soil-only Foliage + Soil

20 Annual Bluegrass 56 DAT Amicarbazone 2.1 oz/a Foliage-only Soil-only Foliage + Soil

21 % Control Post POAAN Control in Overseeded Bermuda Using Amicarbazone 70WG lsd p=.05 3 oz/a Dec 8, Dec 20 3 oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 3 oz/a Jan 5, Jan oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 4 oz/a Dec 8, Dec 20 4 oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 4 oz/a Jan 5, Jan Mar Belvedere Country Club ( ) 4 oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 Check Induce applied at 0.25% v/v

22 % Stand Reduction PHD Ryegrass Tolerance to Amicarbazone 70WG at Various Timings lsd p=.05 3 oz/a Dec 8, Dec oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 3 oz/a Jan 5, Jan 19 3 oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 4 oz/a Dec 8, Dec 20 4 oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 4 oz/a Jan 5, Jan Mar Belvedere Country Club ( ) 4 oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 Check Induce applied at 0.25% v/v

23 AMICARB + NIS 3 OZ % DEC 20 JAN 5 AMICARB + NIS 3 OZ % FEB 1 FEB 15 Photo Mar 1

24 AMICARB + NIS 4 OZ % JAN 5 JAN AMICARB + NIS 4 OZ % FEB 1 FEB 15 Photo Mar 1

25 Photo Mar 1, 2012

26 Photo Nov 17, 2010 (4 WAIT) Bentgrass injury with Amicarbazone

Common Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds Henbit Chickweed species Carolina geranium Hairy bittercress Yellow woodsorrel Hop clover Speedwell species

27 Common Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds Henbit Chickweed species Carolina geranium Hairy bittercress Yellow woodsorrel Hop clover Speedwell species Parsley-piert Lawn burweed Knawel Vetch species Facelis Swinecress Purple deadnettle Shepherds-purse Virginia pepperweed Field pansy Buttercup species

28 Common Cool Season Perennial Broadleaf Weeds Dandelion species White clover Plantain species Cudweed species Mock strawberry Dichondra Wild violet Primrose species Mallow species Florida betony

29 Postemergence Winter Broadleaf Weed Control in Tall Fescue - Fall timings ideal if fescue is established, especially for henbit control - Henbit will be extremely difficult to control if wait to spray in the winter or spring - Many herbicides available (2,4-D, mecoprop, dicamba, dichlorprop, clopyralid, triclopyr, fluroxypyr, sulfentrazone, carfentrazone, pyraflufen combinations)

30 % Control Postemergence Henbit Control in Common Bermudagrass with Standard Herbicides LSD (p=.05) Amine SL 2 pt/a Spotlight 1.5EC 1.33 pt/a Amine 4 + Spotlight pt/a Confront 3SL 1.5 pt/a Millenium Ultra 3.75L 2.5 pt/a Speed Zone 2.2EC 3.5 pt/a Trimec Classic 3.32L 3.5 pt/a Trimec Southern 4.58SL 2 pt/a Manor 60WG + X oz/a % Check Sprayed Mar 14, 2005 Rated Apr 11, 2005 (Sampson County)

31 Trimec Classic 3.5 pt/a: Apr 11, 2005 (4 WAT)

% Control Henbit control averaged over 1997-2007 100 80 Millenium Ultra 2 1-1.25 qt Escalade 2 1-1.5 qt Trimec Classic 1.5-1.

32 % Control Henbit control averaged over Millenium Ultra qt Escalade qt Trimec Classic qt Confront 1-2 pt Coolpower qt 20 0 Rates are product per acre, averaged across formulations, locations, years.

33 Henbit Photo Nov 17, 2009

34 Check Escalade 2 4EC 3 pt/a Applied Photo

35 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Warm or Cool Season Turf Use 2,4-D Mecoprop Dicamba Weedar 64 MCPP-p 4 Amine Banvel, Vanquish Three-way mixes: Triplet SF, Three-Way Selective Trimec many formulations (southern) MCPA and / or triclopyr-containing products Tri-Power, Cool Power, Horsepower, Battleship III Clopyralid-containing products (legumes) (not for home use) Lontrel, Confront, Millennium Ultra, Millennium Ultra 2

36 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Warm or Cool Season Turf Use Carfentrazone-containing products (quicker burndown) Power Zone, Speed Zone, Speed Zone Southern, Quicksilver Fluroxypyr-containing products (woody plants-buttonweed) Escalade, Escalade Low Odor, Escalade 2, Battleship III Metsulfuron-containing products Manor (not tall fescue), Blindside Penoxsulam: Lockup formulations

37 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Warm or Cool Season Turf Use Sulfentrazone-containing products (quicker burndown) Dismiss, Dismiss Southern, Surge, Tzone Pyraflufen-containing products (even quicker burndown!!!) Octane, 4-Speed, 4-Speed XT Warm Season Turf Use Only Thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba Celsius 68WG (registered in 2010)

38 Wild Garlic Cool Season Turf Feb 22, 2005 My front yard!!!

39 Wild Garlic Mar 11, 2005 (17 DAT) 2,4-D amine Many formulations 3 lb ai/acre + surfactant Tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass Bermuda, zoysia Treat for 2 years

40 Preemergence Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control in Fescue Lots of choices: Apply now through early March 1. Usually advantageous to split applications at 6 to 8 wk intervals if using DNA herbicides (benefin, oryzalin, prodiamine, pendimethalin) or dithiopyr 2. If fall seeded, prodiamine may be safest on immature fescue roots

41 % injury Tolerance of fall-seeded tall fescue to PRE herbicides with single applications 100 Barricade 0.75 lb Dimension 0.5 lb Pendulum 3 lb Ronstar 3 lb seeded Oct 10 seeded Oct 16 seeded Oct 30 Team 3 lb LSD=15.7 LSD=16.5 LSD=21.3 Barricade - 65WG, Dimension - 1EC, Pendulum - 3.3EC, Ronstar - 2G, Team - 2G. Treatments applied March 11, Evaluations taken May 27.

42 % injury Tolerance of fall-seeded tall fescue to PRE herbicides with split applications Barricade 0.5 fb 0.25 lb Dimension 0.25 fb 0.25 lb Pendulum 1.5 fb 1.5 lb Ronstar 2 fb 1 lb seeded Oct 10 seeded Oct 16 seeded Oct 30 LSD=15.7 LSD=16.5 LSD=21.3 Team 1.5 fb 1.5 lb Barricade - 65WG, Dimension - 1EC, Pendulum - 3.3EC, Ronstar - 2G, Team - 2G. Initial trts applied March 11, 1996; sequentials applied May 6. Evaluations on May 27.

43 % Control Smooth Crabgrass Control in Tall Fescue LSD ( P =.05) Single - Full Rate Split - Half Rate 2X Barricade 65WG [3] Barricade 4F [3] Dimension 1EC [4] Dimen. Ultra 40WP [4] Pre-M 60DF [3] Pendulum 3.3EC [3] Pend. Aqua Cap [3] Pendulum 2G [3] Surflan 4F [3] Team Pro 0.86G [3+3] Check (175 DAIT) Trt Dates: Mar 11 and May 9

44 % Control Application Effects on Smooth Crabgrass : Wesleyan College Rocky Mt One Application 60 b a Two Applications 0 September

PRE Crabgrass and Goosegrass Herbicide Families Dinitroanilines (DNA s) Balan, Surflan, Team Pro, Pendulum, Barricade, Echelon Have PRE and early POST activity (be careful here!

45 PRE Crabgrass and Goosegrass Herbicide Families Dinitroanilines (DNA s) Balan, Surflan, Team Pro, Pendulum, Barricade, Echelon Have PRE and early POST activity (be careful here!!) Will control crabgrass and goosegrass in the one leaf stage if watered in immediately granules iffy!! Are root inhibitor herbicides Not for use on athletic fields or heavy traffic areas

PRE Crabgrass and Goosegrass Herbicide Families Pyridines Dithiopyr (Dimension, Dimension Ultra WSP) Are not DNA herbicides but have the same mode of action (excellent

46 PRE Crabgrass and Goosegrass Herbicide Families Pyridines Dithiopyr (Dimension, Dimension Ultra WSP) Are not DNA herbicides but have the same mode of action (excellent crabgrass, good on goosegrass) Somewhat volatile works better pre as a granular Controls crab & goose up to 3-4 lvs granules iffy Not recommended on athletic fields either

47 St. Aug. sprayed in spring 2001 with Barricade 65WG photo Oct 29 Normal roots Clubbed roots

Pre crab and goose control Athletic fields, worn turf, high traffic areas Shoot inhibitor herbicide: oxadiazole family Common name / Trade name: oxadiazon / Ronstar

48 Pre crab and goose control Athletic fields, worn turf, high traffic areas Shoot inhibitor herbicide: oxadiazole family Common name / Trade name: oxadiazon / Ronstar Inhibits photosynthesis does not inhibit root growth Absorbed through shoots only No post activity at all do not apply after germination!! Not labeled for home use!!

49 % Control Preemergent smooth crabgrass control averaged over Dimension 0.5 lb Surflan 3 lb Team Pro 3 lb 60 Ronstar 2-3 lb Pendulum 2-3 lb 40 Barricade lb 20 0 Rates are lb ai/a, averaged across formulations, locations, years.

Discussion Dithiopyr (Dimension Ultra) Has the shortest half-life of the herbicides tested (17 days) and is also moderately to highly volatile (6 to 18% loss in 3 days;

50 Discussion Dithiopyr (Dimension Ultra) Has the shortest half-life of the herbicides tested (17 days) and is also moderately to highly volatile (6 to 18% loss in 3 days; 12 to 40% loss in 30 days). Water in immediately after application!!!!! Low volatile herbicide Prodiamine (Barricade) More flexibility waiting on rain or irrigation events

51 % Control Pre and Post Smooth Crabgrass Control Using Various Echelon Formulations and Timings 25 LSD (P=.05) DIGIS Sep : Thorndale Country Club Echelon 4SC 1.5 pt/a Apr 2 pre Echelon 0.3G fertilizer 375 lb/a Apr 2 pre Echelon 4SC 2.25 pt/a Apr lf Echelon 0.3G fertilizer 375 lb/a Apr lf Echelon 4SC 2.25 pt/a May till Echelon 0.3G fertilizer 375 lb/a May till Check

52 % Control Preemergent goosegrass control averaged over Dimension 0.5 lb Surflan 3 lb Ronstar 2-3 lb 60 Pendulum 2-3 lb 40 Barricade lb 20 0 Rates are lb ai/a, averaged across formulations, locations, years.

53 % Control Pre and Post Goosegrass Control Using Various Echelon Formulations and Timings 34 LSD (P=.05) ELEIN Sep : Thorndale Country Club Echelon 4SC 1.5 pt/a Apr 2 pre Echelon 0.3G fertilizer 250 lb/a Apr 2 pre Barricade 4F 1.5 pt/a Apr 2 pre Echelon 4SC 2.25 pt/a May lf Echelon 0.3G fertilizer 375 lb/a May lf MSMA 6 Plus 2.67 pt/a May lf Echelon 4SC 2.25 pt/a May till Echelon 0.3G fertilizer 375 lb/a May till MSMA 6 Plus 2.67 pt/a May till

PRE Weed Management Strategies Dimethenamid (Tower) Supplemental label expires Oct 1, 2014 for sod farm, commercial, recreational, home turf Poor crabgrass but

54 PRE Weed Management Strategies Dimethenamid (Tower) Supplemental label expires Oct 1, 2014 for sod farm, commercial, recreational, home turf Poor crabgrass but excellent goosegrass control 21 to 32 fl oz/acre rate (do not exceed 64 fl oz/year) Tall fescue: do not exceed 21 fl oz/a, expect yellowing and stand reduction

55 Tower 1 qt/a Mar 8 and Apr 20 Photo Aug 2, 2010 Check

56 April - June Weed Management Options

57 Postemergence Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control in Fescue Acclaim Extra (fenoxaprop) Tenacity (mesotrione) Apply to seedling or early tillering plants for best chance for success (late Apr, May, early Jun) Bermuda homeowners: no herbicide available that will control both weeds at once

58 Acclaim Extra 0.57EC Annual Grass fl oz/a Comments 1 to 2 leaf 3.5 for multiple appls in bentgrass Untillered 9 for tank-mixing with Pre s Untillered 13 1 to 2 tiller 20 3 to 4 tiller 28 do not exceed 28 oz to Ky. bluegrass or zoysiagrass 4 to 5 tiller 39 do not exceed 39 oz to fescue (14 day sequential) or ryegrass species

59 Bleacher Syngenta Use on golf courses (not greens), sod farms, home lawns Tolerant to St. Augustine, centipede, tall and fine fescue, Ky. bluegrass and perennial ryegrass Rate: 4 to 8 fl oz/a twice 2 to 3 weeks apart; add NIS at 0.25% v/v for enhanced control Tankmix with Barricade 65WG for extended PRE control Safe to apply at seeding of tolerant grasses except for fine fescue If grasses already germinated, wait 4 weeks or until two mowings before application

61 Tenacity 8 fl oz/a Applied May 15 Check Jun 12, 2006

Post Crabgrass Control in Bermudagrass and / or Fescue Generally target Apr through Jun for application Drive XLR8 1.5SL, Onetime 2.45SL, Q4 1.54L and Quincept 1.

62 Post Crabgrass Control in Bermudagrass and / or Fescue Generally target Apr through Jun for application Drive XLR8 1.5SL, Onetime 2.45SL, Q4 1.54L and Quincept 1.875SL: crabgrass only, broadleaves Solitaire 75WG: crabgrass and 1-4 lf goosegrass, yellow nutsedge and kyllinga species, broadleaves All these products contain quinclorac Q4 and Quincept for fescue only

63 Rate: 0.5 gallon/a pt/a MSO for Drive XLR8 1.5SL (1 lb/a) + MSO for Drive 75DF Rate: 0.68 to 2 qt/a + MSO at 1.5 pt/a Quinclorac + MCPP + Dicamba Rate: 7 to 8 pt/a; Quinclorac + Sulfentrazone + 2,4-D amine + Dicamba Q4 1.54L Quincept 1.87SL Rate: 7 to 8 pt/a Quinclorac + 2,4-D amine + Dicamba Q4 Plus 1.79L; SquareOne 75WG, Solitare 75WG

64 Drive XLR8 + MSO 2 qt/a pt/a Applied Jun 2, 2010: Photo Jun 7, 2010

Post Goosegrass Control Only sulfentrazone (Dismiss 4F) 0.125 lb ai (4 oz) tall fescue 0.

65 Post Goosegrass Control Only sulfentrazone (Dismiss 4F) lb ai (4 oz) tall fescue 0.25 lb ai (8 oz) perennial bluegrass and warm season turf except bermuda and St. Augustine lb ai (12 oz) bermuda and St. Augustine (Control in 1 to 4 leaf stage - small!)

66 Revolver 1.09 pt/a Applied May 26 Dismiss 12 fl oz/a Applied May 26

67 Dismiss 8 fl oz/a Applied May 26 Check Aug 18, 2010

Yellow Purple Kyllinga Nutsedge Nutsedge Species Basagran Great Poor Poor Image Poor Poor Great Dismiss Great Poor Great Katana Great Fair Great Dis South

68 Yellow Purple Kyllinga Nutsedge Nutsedge Species Basagran Great Poor Poor Image Poor Poor Great Dismiss Great Poor Great Katana Great Fair Great Dis South Great Good Great Sedgehammer Good Good Good-Great Certainty Great Great Great Monument Great Great Great Check individual labels most require multiple apps

Rates Needed for Nutsedge / Kyllinga Control Basagran 1 to 2 qt/a all grasses tolerant Image 0.7 lb/a berm, zoy, centipede, st. aug Dismiss 0.75 pt/a berm, zoy, centipede, st.

69 Rates Needed for Nutsedge / Kyllinga Control Basagran 1 to 2 qt/a all grasses tolerant Image 0.7 lb/a berm, zoy, centipede, st. aug Dismiss 0.75 pt/a berm, zoy, centipede, st. aug Katana 3 oz/a bermuda, zoysia, centipede Dismiss South 14.4 fl oz/a bermuda, zoysia, centipede Sedgehammer 1.33 oz/a all grasses tolerant Certainty 1.25 oz/a berm, zoy, centipede, st. aug Monument 0.56 oz/a bermuda, zoysia

tuber formation or rhizome maturity) when plants are young and

70 Purple Nutsedge Jun 30, 2009 (2 WAT) For nutsedge and kyllinga species control, initiate treatments in Apr, May or Jun (before tuber formation or rhizome maturity) when plants are young and actively growing. Reapply at appropriate intervals based on resprouting.

71 Kyllinga species Mat-forming, produces rhizomes (no tubers) Strong fragrance when crushed or mowed Green: seedheads appear throughout summer and fall False-green: seedheads appear all at once in late season False Green Kyllinga May 23, 2007

72 Monument + NIS 0.56 oz/a % May 23, 2007 (4 WAT)

73 Warm Season Perennial and Summer Annual Broadleaf Weeds Virginia buttonweed (P) Spotted spurge (SA) Common lespedeza (SA) Prostrate knotweed (SA)

74 Warm Season Perennial and Summer Annual Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Select from same group of herbicides as was discussed for cool season perennial and winter annual broadleaf weeds Identify weeds so proper herbicide can be chosen

Winter and Spring Weed Control Focusing on Amicarbazone, Celsius and Specticle

Winter and Spring Weed Control Focusing on Amicarbazone, Celsius and Specticle Dec 26, 2010 L. S. Warren (02-07-12) North Carolina State University February Weed Control Options Wild garlic - Post Annual