Fred Yelverton Professor, N. C. State University
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1 Pasture Weed Management in North Carolina Fred Yelverton Professor, N. C. State University
2 Forage Weed Issues Lack of management - fertility, lime, mowing, overgrazing No weed control Weed control knowledge (part-timers, hobbyists) Grazing and haying restrictions Weedy grass control in hay fields Legume tolerance
3 Crop is mature harvested earlier would have provided better control. Harvest management hurt this crop more than the weeds.
4
5 Weeds of Most Concern Broadleaf Weeds Noxious, toxic or prickly Stage at harvest makes big difference in whether or not these species will be eaten in hay
6 Pigweed in fescue
7 Plants Poisonous to Cattle Showy crotalaria Sweet clover Johnsongrass Black cherry Horsenettle Choke cherry Black nightshade Pokeberry Poison hemlock Jimsonweed Redroot pigweed Buttercup species Milkweed species Sicklepod Hemp dogbane Sesbania Mustard species
8 Johnsongrass Nitrate Levels 0.25% okay for feeding 0.5% slight risk if pregnant Johnsongrass can be >2% (deadly) Heavy fertilizer when droughty Cyanide Production Drought, frost, trampled 2 nd growth
9 Common Grass Weeds & Sedges in NC Summer annuals and warm season perennials Large crabgrass Bahiagrass Smooth crabgrass Vaseygrass Broadleaf signalgrass Field sandbur Yellow foxtail Johnsongrass Barnyardgrass Smutgrass Goosegrass Yellow nutsedge, Purple nutsedge, Annual sedge
10 Bermudagrass Pasture Summer Grass and Sedge Herbicides??? Evik Atrazine MSMA (Sedgehammer Manage Permit) No No No No
11 There are no selective grass herbicides labeled in tall fescue pastures. With the exception of Cimarron for bahiagrass control and Roundup immediately after 1 st cutting, there are no grass herbicide options in bermudagrass pastures except when dormant (glyphosate)
12 Bermudagrass Pasture Summer Grass Herbicides Metsulfuron (Cimarron) 0.3 oz / acre Pensacola bahiagrass, broadleaf weeds also (Spray May to early June before seedheads form) Glyphosate (Roundup Ultra) 1.0 pt / acre Summer annual grass & broadleaf weeds
13 Glyphosate in Coastal Bermudagrass Label: Apply IMMEDIATELY after 1st cutting Problems Regrowth: cut hay lays on ground 4 to 7 days NCSU 2001 trial - up to 3 new shoots per stolon were produced 8 days following mowing Weed timings often not optimum (mowed) Dry conditions, crop canopy, no soil residual
14 Feb 9, 2006: Italian ryegrass
15 What are advantages to early weed identification? Desired crop doesn t get choked out Possibly less herbicide needed for control of younger plants Herbicide may not control mature plants no matter the rate Herbicides do not kill weed seeds (you may kill the parent plant, but offspring will be unaffected)
16 Postemergence Weed Control in Pastures (Winter Annuals and Cool Season Perennials) Best time to control (usually*) is Sep through Nov Weeds are germinating, young, actively growing *Germination depends on rainfall could be dry, pasture canopy, other factors A good time to control is Feb through Apr* Winter weeds begin growth spurt * Don t wait too late!
17 Postemergence Weed Control in Pastures (Summer Annuals & Warm Season Perennials) Control April mid July when these weeds have germinated, are young, and are actively growing Influenced by temperature, rain, crop canopy
18 Italian ryegrass Saw-toothed seedhead
19 Orchardgrass Bushy seedhead
20 How would you control Annual bluegrass Italian ryegrass Perennial ryegrass Orchardgrass in a tall fescue pasture?
21 You don t, unless you can spot spray with glyphosate (Roundup Ultra). There are no selective grass herbicides labeled in tall fescue pastures.
22 Broadleaf Weed Pasture Herbicides 2,4-D Banvel Cimarron Cimarron Max 2,4-D amine or ester dicamba amine metsulfuron metsulfuron + 2,4-D amine + dicamba amine Crossbow Curtail 2,4-D ester + triclopyr ester 2,4-D amine + clopyralid amine ForeFront R&P aminopyralid + 2,4-D
23 Broadleaf Weed Pasture Herbicides Grazon P+D Milestone Overdrive PastureGard Redeem R&P Remedy Surmount Weedmaster picloram amine + 2,4-D amine aminopyralid diflufenzopyr + dicamba triclopyr ester + fluroxypyr ester triclopyr amine + clopyralid amine triclopyr ester picloram amine + fluroxypyr ester 2,4-D amine + dicamba amine
24 Wild garlic: clump forming perennial Feb - Mar application of Cimarron 0.1 to 0.2 oz/acre Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre 2,4-D amine 3 qt/acre (add 0.25% NIS)
25 Common chickweed: winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1 pt/acre Grazon P+D, PastureGard, Surmount,Weedmaster (1.5 pt/acre) Crossbow 2 qt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
26 Mouseear chickweed: winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1 pt/acre Grazon P+D, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster (1.5 pt/acre) Crossbow 3 qt/acre; Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
27 Henbit winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1 pt/acre Weedmaster 1.5 pt/acre preflower 3 pt/acre flower Crossbow 3 qt/acre Milestone.375 pt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
28 Carolina Geranium: winter annual broadleaf Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy (1 pt/acre) 2,4-D amine, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster (1.5 to 2 pt/acre) Crossbow 3 qt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
29 Shepherd s-purse: winter annual broadleaf Banvel, Weedmaster (1 pt/acre) Redeem R&P 2 pt/acre Crossbow 2 qt/acre Curtail 3 qt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
30 Virginia pepperweed: winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1 pt/acre 2,4-D amine, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) Crossbow 3 qt/acre Cimarron 1 oz/acre for perennial pepperweed Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
31 Wild Mustard: Winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1 pt/acre PastureGard 1.5 pt/acre 2,4-D amine, Crossbow, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) Curtail 3 qt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
32 Wild radish: winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1 pt/acre 2,4-D amine, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) Crossbow 2 qt/acre Curtail 3 qt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
33 Prickly lettuce: winter annual broadleaf Banvel, PastureGard (1.5 pt/acre) 2,4-D amine, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) Grazon P+D 3 pt/acre Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre) Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
34 Spiny sowthistle: winter annual broadleaf Banvel 1.5 pt/acre 2,4-D amine, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) Grazon P+D 3 pt/acre Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre) Cimarron rate?; Cimarron Max 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
35 Horseweed: annual broadleaf (winter or summer?) Banvel, Surmount (1.5 pt/acre) Crossbow, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) Grazon P+D 3 pt/acre Curtail 3 qt/acre; Milestone pt/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
36 Cutleaf eveningprimrose: biennial broadleaf Banvel, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) PastureGard 2.5 pt/acre Milestone pt/acre Overdrive 6 oz/acre
37 Common dandelion: perennial broadleaf Banvel 1.5 pt/acre Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) 2,4-D amine 3 pt/acre Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre) Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 8 oz/acre
38 Buckhorn plantain: perennial broadleaf Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) PastureGard 2.5 pt/acre 2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D (3 pt/acre) Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre) Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 8 oz/acre
39 Broadleaf plantain: perennial broadleaf Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre) PastureGard 2.5 pt/acre 2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D (3 pt/acre) Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre) Cimarron 0.1 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre Overdrive 8 oz/acre
40 Curly dock: perennial broadleaf Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre) 2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D, Weedmaster (3 pt/acre) PastureGard, Redeem R&P (2.5 pt/acre) Weedmaster, Banvel, Remedy (2 pt/acre) Surmount, Weedmaster before bolt (1.5 pt/acre) Milestone pt/acre; Redeem 1 pt/acre Overdrive 8 oz/acre; Cimarron oz/a; Cimarron Max
41 Redeem + MSO qt/a Weedmaster + MSO qt/a Banvel + MSO 1.5 pt + 1 qt/a Check 12 DA Mar 30, 2005 application
42 White clover: perennial broadleaf Surmount, Weedmaster (1.5 pt/acre) Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy (1 qt/acre) PastureGard 2.5 pt/acre; Grazon P+D 3 pt/acre Curtail 2 qt/acre; Crossbow 3 qt/acre Cimarron 0.4 oz/acre; Cimarron Max 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre Overdrive 8 oz/acre
43 Buttercup species: perennial broadleaf Weedmaster 1 to 3 pt (preflower to late bloom) 2,4-D amine 2 pt/acre; Grazon P+D 3 pt/acre Redeem R&P 2.5 pt/acre for hairy buttercup Crossbow 1 qt/acre annuals, 3 qt/acre perennials Milestone pt/acre; Overdrive 6 oz/acre Cimarron 0.1 oz/a; Cim. Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/a
44 Thistle Control Late fall or early spring application Treat at rosette leaf stage Crossbow 4 qt/acre; Curtail 3 qt/acre 2,4-D ester - 2 qt/acre Grazon P+D 1.5 qt/acre Banvel, Surmount, Weedmaster (1 qt/acre) Redeem R&P 1 qt/acre biennials, 2 qt/acre perennials Milestone pt/acre Cimarron to 1 oz/acre Cimarron Max 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre Overdrive 8 oz/acre
45 2,4-D amine Grazing and haying restrictions are product dependent Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 7 day Hay - 30 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 3 day
46 2,4-D Esters - volatile, use in winter months Amines - non-volatile, use in warm months Least injurious to clovers (1.0 to 2.0 pt/acre) Ester formulations at 2.0 qt/acre will control crabgrass, thistles, dogfennel Low cost
47 Summer Weeds Controlled with 2,4-D Aster species Bitter sneezeweed Cocklebur Common ragweed *Dogbane (repeats?) Dogfennel *Horsenettle (repeats?) Jimsonweed Lambsquarter Morningglory species Pigweed species Sida species Goldenrod species
48 Winter Weeds Controlled with 2,4-D Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Buttercup species Canadian thistle Carolina geranium Common dandelion Curly dock Horseweed Prickly lettuce Spiny sowthistle Virginia pepperweed Wild garlic Wild mustard Wild radish
49 Banvel 0.5 to 2 pt/acre Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 7 to 40 day Hay - 37 to 90 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 30 day
50 Banvel Dicamba amine (0.5 to 2 pt/acre rate) Highly injurious to clovers Apply to seedling grasses 5 to 6 inches tall or after tiller development Excellent control of dogfennel, clovers, better on chickweed, henbit and brush than 2,4-D Poor control of plantains, fair on blackberry Expensive
51 Summer Weeds Controlled with Banvel Aster species Blackberry Cocklebur Common ragweed Dogbane Dogfennel Goldenrod species Lambsquarter Morningglory species Nightshade species Pigweed species Sida species Smartweed species Trumpetcreeper
52 Winter Weeds Controlled with Banvel Broadleaf plantain Henbit Wild mustard Buckhorn plantain Horseweed Wild radish Canadian thistle Mouseear chickweed Carolina geranium Prickly lettuce Common chickweed Red sorrel Common dandelion Shepherd s-purse Curly dock Spiny sowthistle Cutleaf eveningprimrose Virginia pepperweed Hairy vetch White clover
53 Cimarron 60DF metsulfuron (0.1 to 1 oz/acre rate) Effective for bahiagrass, spiny amaranth, curly dock, buttercup, wild garlic, blackberry, henbit, horseweed Poor to fair horsenettle, thistle and dogfennel control at tall fescue rates Injurious to legumes & ryegrass (4 mo plant back) Do not mix with liquid fert. for bahiagrass control 0 day grazing or haying restriction - all livestock
54 Cimarron To minimize stunting, yellowing or seedhead suppression of tall fescue Tankmix with 2,4-D Do not exceed 0.4 oz/acre (go as low as possible) Use surfactant at 0.5 to 1 pt per 100 gal solution When liquid N is carrier, do not use surfactant Do not apply until 24 months after establishment ***1 st cutting yields may be reduced***
55 Summer Weeds Controlled with Cimarron Aster species Bahiagrass Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Dogfennel Honeysuckle Horsenettle Lambsquarter Multiflora rose Pigweed species Smartweed species Goldenrod species
56 Winter Weeds Controlled with Cimarron Broadleaf plantain Horseweed Wild radish Buckhorn plantain Buttercup species Canada thistle Carolina geranium Common chickweed Common dandelion Curly dock Henbit Mouseear chickweed Prickly lettuce Red sorrel Shepherd s-purse Spiny sowthistle White clover Wild garlic Wild mustard
57 Cimarron Max Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 7 day Hay - 37 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 30 day
58 Cimarron Max 2 part herbicide Part A = metsulfuron Part B = 2.9 lb/gal 2,4-D amine lb/gal dicamba (dimethylamine) Tall fescue restrictions same as with Cimarron except do not use more than 0.25 oz/acre metsulfuron and 1 pt/acre 2,4-D + dicamba
59 Summer Weeds Controlled with Cimarron Max Aster species Bahiagrass Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Dogfennel Goldenrod species Honeysuckle Horsenettle Lambsquarter Morningglory species Multiflora rose Pigweed species Smartweed species
60 Winter Weeds Controlled with Cimarron Max Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Buttercup species Carolina geranium Common chickweed Common dandelion Curly dock Hairy vetch Henbit Horseweed Mouseear chickweed Prickly lettuce Red sorrel Shepherd s-purse Virginia pepperweed White clover Wild garlic Wild mustard
61 Crossbow 1 to 6 qt/acre Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 14 day Hay - 7 day (all livestock types, except lactating dairy cattle, 365 day) Slaughter - 3 day
62 Crossbow 2.0 lb/gal 2,4-D ester lb/gal triclopyr ester Good to excellent control of numerous broadleaf weeds such as thistles, dogfennel, blackberry Fair control of horsenettle Can be applied as basal treatment Injurious to clovers Apply to seedling grasses 5 to 6 inches tall or after tiller development 1 to 6 qt/acre rate
63 Summer Weeds Controlled with Crossbow Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Common ragweed Dogbane (repeat?) Goldenrod sp. (repeat?) Horsenettle Lambsquarter Pigweed species Pokeweed Dogfennel
64 Winter Weeds Controlled with Crossbow Broadleaf plantain Henbit Wild mustard Buckhorn plantain Horseweed Wild radish Buttercup species Canada thistle Carolina geranium Common chickweed Common dandelion Curly dock Hairy vetch Mouseear chickweed Prickly lettuce Red sorrel Shepherd s-purse Spiny sowthistle Virginia pepperweed White clover
65 Curtail (2 to 4 qt/acre) Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 14 day Hay - 30 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 7 day Graze nontreated areas 7 day before transferring livestock to sensitive crop areas
66 Curtail 2 lb/gal 2,4-D amine lb/gal clopyralid amine (2 to 4 qt/acre rate) Do not use plant residues or animal manure from treated areas for compost, mulch or spreading onto areas where susceptible broadleaf plants (clover, etc.) will be grown the following season Can apply to newly seeded grass that is producing tillers and secondary roots Can be mixed with liquid fertilizers (compatibility test needed)
67 Summer Weeds Controlled with Curtail Cocklebur Common ragweed Jimsonweed Lambsquarter Nightshade species Pigweed species Sicklepod Smartweed species
68 Winter Weeds Controlled with Curtail Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Canada thistle Common dandelion Curly dock Hairy vetch Horseweed Prickly lettuce Red sorrel Shepherd s-purse Spiny sowthistle White clover Wild mustard Wild radish
69 ForeFront R&P Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing 0 day Hay 7 day Graze nontreated areas 3 days before transferring livestock to sensitive crop areas Postemergence as well as preemergence control
70 Summer Weeds Controlled with ForeFront (1.5 to 2.6 pt/acre) Bitter sneezeweed Cocklebur Goldenrod Horsenettle Horseweed Kudzu Lambsquarters Ragweed species Sicklepod Spiny amaranth Vervain species (surfactant enhances control)
71 Grazon P+D (1 to 8 pt/acre) Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 7 day Hay - 30 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 3 day Graze nontreated areas 7 day before transferring livestock to sensitive crop areas
72 Grazon P+D 2 lb/gal 2,4-D amine lb/gal picloram amine (1 to 8 pt/acre) Do not use plant residues or animal manure from treated areas for compost, mulch or spreading onto areas where susceptible broadleaf plants (clover, etc.) will be grown the following season Can apply to newly seeded grass that is producing tillers and secondary roots Can be mixed with liquid fertilizers (compatibility test needed)
73 Summer Weeds Controlled with Grazon P+D Aster species Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Common ragweed Dogfennel Goldenrod species Horsenettle Jimsonweed Lambsquarter Milkweed species Morningglory species Mugwort Multiflora rose Pigweed species Prickly pear Smartweed species Vervain species
74 Winter Weeds Controlled with Grazon P+D Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Buttercup species Canada thistle Common chickweed Hairy vetch Horseweed Mouseear chickweed Prickly lettuce Spiny sowthistle Curly dock
75 Milestone (4 to 7 oz/acre) 2 lb/gal aminopyralid Do not use plant residues or animal manure from treated areas if grazed in 3 previous days for compost, mulch or spreading onto areas where susceptible broadleaf plants (clover, etc.) will be grown the following season Can apply to newly seeded grass that is producing tillers and secondary roots Provides some pre control; mixes with liquid fert. No grazing or hay restrictions
76 Summer Weeds Controlled with Milestone Bitter sneezeweed Cocklebur Common ragweed Horsenettle Kudzu Lambsquarter Pigweed species Smartweed species
77 Winter Weeds Controlled with Milestone Buttercup species Curly dock Cutleaf eveningprimrose Horseweed Thistle species
78 Overdrive registered in lb diflufenzopyr lb dicamba Injurious to clovers Stressed established grasses may display injury symptoms do not apply to newly seeded grasses Provides some pre control Can mix with herbicides containing triclopyr, picloram and clopyralid No grazing or hay restrictions
79 Summer Weeds Controlled with Overdrive Aster species Horsenettle Sida species Bitter sneezeweed Jimsonweed Smartweed sp. Cocklebur Common ragweed Dogbane Dogfennel Field bindweed Florida pusley Goldenrod Lambsquarter Milkweed species Morningglory species Nightshade species Pigweed species Pokeweed Sicklepod
80 Winter Weeds Controlled with Overdrive Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Buttercup species Carolina geranium Common chickweed Common dandelion Curly dock Cutleaf eveningprimrose Henbit Horseweed Prickly lettuce Shepherd s-purse Spiny sowthistle Thistle species Virginia pepperweed White clover Wild mustard Wild radish
81 PastureGard (1.5 to 3 pt/acre herbaceous weeds) (2 to 8 pt/acre woody weeds) Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing day Hay - 14 day Slaughter - 3 day
82 PastureGard 1.5 lb/gal triclopyr ester lb fluroxypyr ester Control of herbaceous and woody weeds Rates: 1.5 to 3.0 pt/acre for herbaceous weeds 2.0 to 8.0 pt/acre for woody weeds Highly injurious to legumes Broadcast or directed, basal bark, cut stump Wait 3 wk to reseed or spray at 4 true leaves
83 Summer Weeds Controlled with PastureGard Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Common ragweed Dogbane Dogfennel Honeysuckle Morningglory species Multiflora rose Nightshade species Pigweed species Poison ivy, oak Sida species Sumac Lambsquarter
84 Winter Weeds Controlled with PastureGard Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Common chickweed Curly dock Cutleaf eveningprimrose Hairy vetch Mouseear chickweed Prickly lettuce White clover Wild mustard
85 Redeem R&P 1.5 to 4 pt/acre Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 14 day Hay - 7 day (all livestock types, except lactating dairy cattle, 365 day) Slaughter - 3 day
86 Redeem R&P 2.25 lb/gal triclopyr amine lb clopyralid amine Excellent control of aster and legume weeds 1.5 to 4 pt/acre rate Highly injurious to legumes Alternative to Crossbow, WeedMaster, Grazon P+D
87 Summer Weeds Controlled with Redeem R&P Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Common ragweed Goldenrod species Kudzu Lambsquarter Multiflora rose Nightshade species Poison ivy Horsenettle
88 Winter Weeds Controlled with Redeem R&P Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Buttercup species Canada thistle Common dandelion Curly dock Hairy vetch Horseweed Prickly lettuce Red sorrel Shepherd s-purse Spiny sowthistle Virginia pepperweed White clover
89 Remedy 1 to 3 pt/acre Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 14 day Hay - 7 day (all livestock types, except lactating dairy cattle, 365 day) Slaughter - 3 day
90 Remedy 4.0 lb/gal triclopyr ester (1 to 3 pt/acre rate) Excellent on blackberry and dogfennel Fair on horsenettle Poor on pokeweed, honeysuckle, trumpetcreeper Remedy 20% + 80% diesel, excellent as basal application for trees < 4 inch DBH Injurious to clovers Apply to seedling grasses 5 to 6 inches tall or after tiller development
91 Summer Weeds Controlled with Remedy Blackberry Dogfennel Horsenettle Lambsquarter Poison ivy, oak Sumac
92 Winter Weeds Controlled with Remedy Broadleaf plantain Buckhorn plantain Curly dock Hairy vetch White clover Wild mustard
93 Surmount (1.5 to 6 pt/acre) Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 14 day Hay - 7 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 3 day Graze nontreated areas 7 day before transferring livestock to sensitive crop areas
94 Surmount 1.19 lb/gal picloram amine lb/gal fluroxypyr ester 1.5 to 6 pt/acre rate Do not use plant residues or animal manure from treated areas for compost, mulch or spreading onto areas where susceptible broadleaf plants (clover, etc.) will be grown the following season Wait 3 wk to reseed or spray at 4 true leaves
95 Summer Weeds Controlled with Surmount Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Common ragweed Dogbane Dogfennel Field bindweed Goldenrod Honeysuckle Horsenettle Lambsquarter Morningglory species Multiflora rose Nightshade species Pigweed species Prickly pear Smartweed species Sumac Vervain species
96 Winter Weeds Controlled with Surmount Common chickweed Curly dock Horseweed Mouseear chickweed White clover
97 WeedMaster 2 pt/acre) Grazing and haying restrictions Beef grazing - 0 day Dairy grazing - 7 day Hay - 37 day (all livestock types) Slaughter - 30 day
98 WeedMaster 2.9 lb/gal 2,4-D amine lb/gal dicamba (dimethylamine) Good to excellent control of numerous broadleaf weeds such as thistles, dogfennel, horseweed, ragweed, buttercup, curly dock, sidas Fair control of horsenettle, trumpetcreeper, blackberry, brush Economical Preferred product in hay operations
99 WeedMaster Can be mixed with liquid fertilizers (compatibility test needed) Injurious to clovers Apply to seedling grasses 5 to 6 inches tall or after tiller development 2 pt/acre rate
100 Summer Weeds Controlled with Weedmaster Bitter sneezeweed Blackberry Cocklebur Common ragweed Dogfennel Field bindweed Horsenettle Morningglory species Nightshade species Pigweed species Poison ivy Sida species Smartweed species Trumpetcreeper Lambsquarter
101 Winter Weeds Controlled with Weedmaster Broadleaf plantain Hairy vetch White clover Buckhorn plantain Henbit Wild mustard Buttercup species Horseweed Wild radish Canadian thistle Mouseear chickweed Carolina geranium Prickly lettuce Common chickweed Red sorrel Common dandelion Shepherd s-purse Curly dock Spiny sowthistle Cutleaf eveningprimrose Virginia pepperweed
102
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