Making North Carolina Herbicide Recommendations Work for You

Transcription

1 Oct 31, 2005 Making North Carolina Herbicide Recommendations Work for You Matt Martin and Leon Warren ( )

2 Double the rates I m joking!!!

3 Why so many herbicide choices? 1. Turfgrass choices 2. Common or troublesome weeds are managed, not eradicated

4 Turfgrass Choices Warm or cool season or combinations of both Seed, sprig or sod Overseed or nonoverseed High maintenance or low maintenance grass Weed control before / after initial establishment Pre or post control on mature stands

5 Common / Troublesome Weeds Many effective herbicides have been developed throughout the years for a variety of weeds. However Without eradication, certain weeds are so prevalent that they will always be annual problems for turfgrass managers; therefore, companies will continue to try to tap into these markets.

6 Chemical Weed Control in Lawns and Turf Preemergence Control of Smooth and Large Crabgrass, Foxtails, and Other Annual Grasses Benefin, benefin + trifluralin, bensulide, bensulide + oxadiazon, dithiopyr, metolachlor, napropamide, oryzalin, oxadiazon, oxadiazon + benefin, oxadiazon + prodiamine, pendimethalin, prodiamine, siduron GOOD GRIEF!!!

7 PRE Weed Management Strategies When Do Weeds Emerge? Soil temperature in the upper 0.5 inch of the soil profile needed for the following germination Smooth crabgrass 55 degrees (mid to late March) Goosegrass 60 degrees (2 to 3 weeks later) Barnyardgrass 60 degrees (2 to 3 weeks later) Foxtail species 65 degrees (3 to 4 weeks later)

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9 PRE Weed Management Strategies When Do Weeds Emerge? Applying PRE crabgrass herbicides early (Jan, Feb, etc.) usually will not affect the length of control, because the soil microbes that will eventually break down the herbicides are not active until soil temperatures reach 55 to 60 o F. Newer PRE crabgrass herbicides are effective for approximately 200 days once microbial activity begins.

10 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Dinitroanilines (DNA s) Benefin (Balan 2.5G) Benefin + trifluralin (Team 2G, Team Pro 0.86%) Benefin + oryzalin (XL) Prodiamine (Barricade 65WG) Pendimethalin (Pre-M, Pendulum WDG) Oryzalin (Surflan A.S.)

11 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Dinitroanilines (DNA s) Have PRE and POST activity Will control crabgrass and goosegrass in the one leaf stage if watered in immediately (are forgiving herbicides if you apply a little too late)

12 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Dinitroanilines (DNA s) Excellent crabgrass, good goosegrass herbicides Yellow in appearance Absorbed by roots and shoots growing through treated zone Are root inhibitors

13 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Dinitroanilines (DNA s) Tolerant turfgrasses display root stubbing or root clubbing symptoms. Do not use these herbicides on athletic fields or highly-worn turf because of this. Roots can be sheared off due to heavy traffic and death can occur.

14 Photo Taken St. Augustinegrass Nontreated St. Augustinegrass Barricade 65WG Spring, 2001 Clubbed roots

15 Cleat damage Verticut damage

16 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Pyridines Dithiopyr (Dimension, Dimension Ultra WSP) Are not DNA herbicides but have the same mode of action (excellent crabgrass, good on goosegrass) Somewhat volatile works better as a granular Controls crabgrass and goosegrass up to 3-4 leaf stage

17 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Oxadiazon Oxadiazoles (Ronstar G, Ronstar 50WSP) Are shoot inhibitors Therefore, use this product in worn turf or where additional grow-in is desired (athletic fields) Product is not labeled for home lawn use

18 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Oxadiazon Oxadiazoles (Ronstar G, Ronstar 50WSP) Good PRE crabgrass and goosegrass control Provides NO POST crabgrass or goosegrass control Apply days prior to weedy grass germination Can use during sprigging or sodding of bermudagrass or zoysiagrass: NOT seeding

19 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Metolachlor Acetanilides (Pennant Liquid) Used more in ornamental beds than turf Good crabgrass, fair goosegrass control An exception: A PRE herbicide that DOES affect perennial structures (yellow nutsedge only)

20 Pre Weed Management Strategies Bensulide (Betasan): older herbicide providing good crabgrass but absolutely no goosegrass control Napropamide (Devrinol): older herbicide providing good crabgrass and goosegrass control, mainly warm season grass material but also tall fescue Siduron (Tupersan): older herbicide for initially good crabgrass and fair goosegrass control when seeding cool season grasses or sprigging zoysia control will usually break down quickly

21 PRE Weed Management Strategies Herbicide Families Mixtures Are combinations of herbicide families that provide excellent crabgrass and good goosegrass control Oxadiazon + benefin Oxadiazon + prodiamine Oxadiazon + bensulide (Regalstar - 38%N) (Regalstar II - 38%N) (Goosegrass/Crabgrass Control - golf greens)

22 PRE Weed Management Strategies Ken. Tall Fine Per. Blue Fescue Fescue Rye. Balan T T M T Team Pro T T M T Dimension T T T T Ronstar T T NR T (Pre-M, T T T T Pendulum) Barricade T T T T Pennant NR NR NR NR Surflan NR T NR NR

23 PRE Weed Management Strategies Bahia Bermuda Centipede St. Aug Zoysia Balan T T T T T Team Pro T T T T T Dimension T T T T T Ronstar NR T NR T T (Pre-M, T T T T T Pendulum) Barricade NR T T T T Pennant T T T T T Surflan T T T T T

24 PRE Weed Management Strategies Split Applications When using DNA herbicides and Dimension for summer grass control, turf managers have the option of making split applications. At the proper timing, apply ½ to 2/3 the single labeled rate, then apply the remainder 8 weeks later. Do not increase the TOTAL amount.

25 PRE Weed Management Strategies Split Application Advantages In normal seasons, no differences will be observed. When environmental stresses do occur, the advantage will go to split applications. Why are splits recommended south and east of Raleigh???

26 PRE Weed Management Strategies Split Application Advantages South and east of Raleigh, splits are recommended because of earlier germination and longer growing season for summer annual grasses. (200 or more growing days)

27 % Control Smooth Crabgrass Control in Tall Fescue Single - Full Rate 31 LSD ( P =.05) Split - Half Rate 2X Barricade 65WG Barricade 4F Dimension 1EC Dimen. Ultra 40WP Pre-M 60DF Pendulum 3.3EC Pend. Aqua Cap 3.8CS Pendulum 2G Surflan 4F Team Pro 0.86G Check (175 DAIT) Trt Dates: Mar 11 and May 9

28 PRE Weed Management Strategies Split Applications Do not split oxadiazon (Ronstar) applications since it has no POST activity!!! Even if you are a little late with the initial application, apply the full rate ASAP to obtain maximum PRE control for plants that have yet to germinate.

29 PRE Weed Management Strategies PRE Grass Herbicides on Fall Established Turf Unless the label says otherwise, apply PRE grass herbicides only to well established turf. Generally, if turf was overseeded after October 15, do not use a PRE herbicide in the spring. Turf tolerance depends on root growth below the treated soil layer.

30 PRE Weed Management Strategies PRE Grass Herbicides on Fall Established Turf Balan, Surflan, Team Pro labels advise against applications until 1 growing season has passed. (Pre-M, Pendulum) can be applied after the turf has been mowed at least 4 times. The chemical barrier is thick (0.75 ) and the roots have to be below this barrier to ensure tolerance.

31 PRE Weed Management Strategies PRE Grass Herbicides on Fall Established Turf Barricade can be applied after the turf has been mowed at least 2 times or 60 days after overseeding. The chemical barrier is thinner than Pre-M, Pendulum (0.25 ) and the roots grow below this barrier more quickly. Barricade is safer for newly planted grass than (Pre-M, Pendulum).

32 Postemergence Weed Control Factors POST herbicides are generally more effective when Applied to actively growing weeds Applied as a spray instead of a granule Applied multiple times Temperature range from 60 to 85 degrees Good soil moisture Applied BEFORE mowing Mowing is delayed 1-2 days after application

33 Goosegrass Control Only diclofop-methyl (Illoxan) Tolerance to established bermudagrass only 2 to 2.67 pt/acre depending on size 1 to 4 leaf stage - small!

34 Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control fenoxaprop (Acclaim Extra) Tolerance to perennial ryegrass, fescue species, Kentucky bluegrass and zoysiagrass Do not apply to bermuda! 0.75 to 2.5 pt/acre 2 applications 14 days apart

35 Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control metribuzin (Sencor 75 Turf) Apply only to established bermudagrass with mowing height of 0.5 inch or greater Do not apply to bermudagrass greens, tees, aprons 0.33 to 0.67 lb/acre 2 applications 7 to 10 days apart

36 Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control sethoxydim (Vantage) Apply to seedling (3 stolon growth) and established centipedegrass and fine fescue 2.25 pt/acre

37 Crabgrass and Broadleaf Weed Control quinclorac (Drive 75DF) Tolerance to ryegrass, bluegrass and bermudagrass species, tall fescue, zoysia and creeping bentgrass Consistently good crabgrass control up to earlytiller; sporadic control when mid to late tiller 1 lb/acre + MSO (1.5 pt) or COC (2 pt) Broadleaf weeds controlled: white and hop clover, dandelion, dollarweed, etc.

38 Crabgrass, Goosegrass, Sandbur Dallisgrass, Bahiagrass, Nutsedge sp. monosodium methanearsonate disodium methanearsonate (MSMA) (DSMA) Perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass tolerant; fescues and zoysia slightly sensitive 2 to 3 lb ai/acre (MSMA) or 3 to 5 lb ai/acre (DSMA) when air temp ~ 80 F 3 to 4 applications 7 to 10 days apart for mature and hard to control weeds Some formulations require surfactant

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40 PRE Poa annua Control in Established Warm and Cool-Season Turf Team 2G, Team Pro Pre-M, Pendulum Betasan, Bensumec, PreSan Barricade 65WG Ronstar G Balan 2.5G Dimension / Dimension Ultra 2 lb ai/acre 2 lb ia/acre 12.5 lb ai/acre 0.5 lb ai/acre 2 lb ai/acre 3 lb ai/acre 0.5 lb ai/acre These products are all labeled in established tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass.

41 PRE Poa annua Control in Warm-Season Turf Overseeded With Perennial Ryegrass Balan 120 lb/acre Apply 6 weeks before overseeding Dimension Ultra WSP 1.25 lb/acre Apply 8 weeks before overseeding (NCSU data suggest 6 weeks before better) Target early to mid October for overseeding

42 Poa annua Control in Warm-Season Turf Before Overseeding With Perennial Ryegrass Sulfonylurea Herbicide Research TranXit GTA, Monument 75WG, Revolver and Certainty 14, 10, 7, 3, 0 days before overseeding Extended poa annua control through late spring Possible acceptable tolerance at 3 to 7 days

43 PRE Poa annua Control in Warm and Cool-Season Turf If warm-season grasses are already overseeded, or cool-season grasses already reseeded or newly seeded, do not apply PRE poa annua herbicides Germinating seedlings will be affected!

44 Pre and Postemergence Poa annua Control Kerb WSP 2 to 3 lb/acre Apply September 15 through February 1 Do not overseed for 90 days Tolerance in bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass Product is mobile if heavy rain or irrigation!

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46 Pre and Postemergence Poa annua Control Ethofumesate (Prograss) Tolerance in dormant bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass or established perennial ryegrass turf 2.67 qt/acre 30 to 45 days after overseeding 2.67 qt/acre 21 to 28 days after 1 st application Do not apply after January 1

47 Postemergence Poa annua and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control atrazine (Purge, AAtrex) 1 to 2 lb ai/acre Nov 15 Dec 31 Centipede, St. Augustine, dormant bermuda simazine (Princep several formulations) 1 to 2 lb ai/acre Nov 15 Dec 15 Centipede, St. Augustine, bermuda, zoysia

48 Postemergence Poa annua and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control atrazine and simazine control many common winter annual broadleaf weeds such as: Common chickweed Henbit Corn speedwell Lawn burweed Hop clover

49 Atrazine 2 qt/acre Photos Apr 11, 2005 Check Little barley, annual bluegrass, henbit, Brazilian catsear, Carolina geranium, mouseear chickweed, corn speedwell

50 Postemergence Poa annua and Various Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Newly registered products since 2002 Rimsulfuron (TranXit GTA) + NIS 1 oz/acre % v/v Bermudagrass Foramsulfuron (Revolver) 1.09 pt/acre Bermudagrass and zoysiagrass

51 Postemergence Poa annua and Various Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Newly registered products since 2002 Trifloxysulfuron (Monument 75WG) + NIS 0.33 oz/acre % v/v Bermudagrass and zoysiagrass Sulfosulfuron (Certainty) + NIS 1.33 oz/acre % v/v Bermuda, zoysia, St. Augustine, centipede

52 TranXit GTA + NIS 1 oz/acre % v/v Applied Nov 30, 2004 Photos Apr 12, 2005 Check Annual bluegrass and lawn burweed

53 Certainty (left side) flazasulfuron (right side) Applied Nov 30, 2004 Photo Feb 24, 2005

54 Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds and Poa annua Control in Dormant Turf metribuzin (Sencor 75 Turf) dormant bermuda only 0.67 lb/acre glyphosate (Roundup Pro) 1 pt/acre dormant bermuda only (Touchdown Pro) 0.5 to 4 pt/acre dormant bermuda and bahia % v/v nonionic surfactant glyphosate + diquat (QuikPRO) 5 to 16 oz/acre dormant bermuda and bahia

55 Mar 8, 2004 (8 WAT) Apr 7, 2004 (12 WAT) May 4, 2004 (16 WAT) Roundup Pro 1 pt/acre (no residual activity)

56 Postemergence Poa annua and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Already mentioned sulfonylurea herbicides Certainty Monument 75WG Revolver TranXit GTA Apply to tolerant nonoverseeded warm season turf.

57 Roundup 1 pt/acre Monument 75WG 0.47 oz/acre May 4, 2004 (16 WAT)

58 Poa annua Control and Seedhead Suppression in Overseeded Bermuda Bispyribac-sodium (Velocity 80SP) Registered in 2004 Do not mow ryegrass less than inch Do not apply to nonoverseeded bermudagrass Apply 1.33 oz/acre between Feb 1 and Mar 15 just as poa annua begins flowering and repeat in 14 to 21 day intervals up to 3 applications

59 Velocity 80SP 1.33 oz/acre (3X) Feb 15, Mar 7, Mar 18 Photo Apr 12, 2005 Check

60 Specialized Poa annua Control Programs Overseeded Bermudagrass Putting Greens Apply fenarimol (Rubigan) 2 to 3 times in late summer / early fall with last application being 14 days prior to overseeding ryegrass 28 days prior to overseeding Poa trivialis

61 Specialized Poa annua Control Programs Bentgrass Putting Greens Apply bensulide (Betasan) twice in the fall and once in the winter. The initial fall application must be made prior to poa annua germination. This program will not control perennial types!

62 Specialized Perennial Poa Control Programs Bentgrass Putting Greens Plant growth regulators (PGR s) should be used in the fall and spring to shift competition to favor bentgrass. This approach could take 3 to 5 years for acceptable conversion.

63 Perennial Ryegrass Removal From Bermuda Totally remove when bermuda is actively growing Reduces bermuda competition and allows for healthier stand Herbicides are most consistent way to remove

64 Perennial Ryegrass Removal From Bermuda metribuzin (Sencor 75 Turf) 0.67 lb/acre Kills in 2 to 3 days - unattractive until fills in metsulfuron (Manor / Blade) + NIS Kills in 2 to 3 weeks 0.5 oz/acre % v/v Clumpy ryegrass may take 1 oz/acre Manor pronamide (Kerb WSP) 2 lb/acre Kills in 4 to 6 weeks - smoothest transition

65 Perennial Ryegrass Removal From Bermuda Newly registered products since 2002 rimsulfuron (TranXit GTA) + NIS 2 oz/acre % v/v per application Initiate 3 weeks before desired removal date foramsulfuron (Revolver) 1.09 pt/acre Apply at desired removal date trifloxysulfuron (Monument 75WG) + NIS 0.1 to 0.3 oz/acre % v/v

66 Bahiagrass Control Manor + surfactant Blade + surfactant 0.5 oz/acre % v/v May need to retreat in 4 to 6 weeks Apply after spring greenup but before seedhead formation Raleigh: June seedheads Bermuda, St. Augustine, zoysia, fine fescue, Kentucky bluegrass tolerant

67 Other Bahiagrass Control Options MSMA (previously mentioned rates and tolerances) imazapic (Plateau Eco-Pak) 1.43 to 2.86 oz/acre Centipedegrass (not home lawns) Controls crabgrass, nutsedge & kyllinga sp. sethoxydim (Vantage) 2.25 pt/acre Centipedegrass and fine fescue (home lawns) 2 applications 3 weeks apart for suppression

68 Dallisgrass Control Three Step Program In Bermudagrass 1. MSMA at 2 lb ai/acre 2. Revolver at spot spray rate 2 WA MSMA trt 3. MSMA at 2 lb ai/acre 1 WA Revolver trt

69 MSMA May 2 Revolver May 18 MSMA May 26 Garner Country Club May 31 June 27

70 Dallisgrass Control Two Step Program In Bermudagrass 1. Certainty 1.25 oz/a + MSMA 2 lb ai/a + NIS 0.25% 2. Repeat in 6 weeks

71 Certainty 1.25 oz/a + MSMA 2 lb ai/a + NIS 0.25% applied May 2 and June 13, 2005 Photo June 27

72 Yellow Nutsedge Control bentazon (Basagran T/O) Also controls annual sedge 1 to 2 qt/acre repeated at 10 to 14 day intervals Most turfgrasses tolerant

73 Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Poor to Fair Control) MSMA (2 to 3 lb ai/acre) Image 70DF 0.35 to 0.7 lb/acre 0.25% v/v NIS Bermuda, centipede, zoysia, St. Augustine are tolerant (Fair to Good Control) Image 70DF + MSMA (1.5 lb ai) Centipede, St. Aug. not tolerant halosulfuron (Manage) 0.67 to 1.33 oz/acre 0.5% v/v NIS (retreat 6-10 wk) Most turfgrasses tolerant!!!!!

74 Purple and Yellow Nutsedge Control Treatment Effectiveness Summary Poor to fair control - MSMA or Image 70DF applied alone Fair to good control - MSMA + Image 70DF tankmix; Manage Good to excellent control - Monument 75WG, Certainty

75 % Control Yellow Nutsedge Control in Tifsport Bermuda LSD ( P =.05) 80 Manage + X Manage + X-77 (2X) Bueno 6 (2X) 40 Image + Bueno 6 + X-77 Monument + X a a c b a a cde a de de ab a cde bc ef ef ab a Monument + X-77 (2X) 0 21 DAIT 56 DAIT 71 DAIT Application Dates: May 13, May 26 (Bueno 6) and Jun 23, 2003

76 % Control Purple Nutsedge Control in Common Bermuda LSD ( P =.05) ab b c ab a a fg ab gh fg ab a cd ab cd cd ab a Manage + X-77 Manage + X-77 (2X) Bueno 6 (2X) Image + Bueno 6 + X-77 Monument + X-77 Monument + X-77 (2X) 0 42 DAIT 88 DAIT 119 DAIT Application Dates: May 8, May 14 (Bueno 6) and Jun 19, 2003

77 Kyllinga species Look like nutsedges Triangular stems, glossy leaves More mat-forming Fragrance when leaves crushed Seedheads not like nutsedges Control Options Image 70DF + MSMA Manage (only suppresses green kyllinga) Monument 75WG, Certainty same as nutsedge rates Kyllinga species: Green, false green, annual, cocks-comb

78 % Control False Green Kyllinga Control in Tifway LSD ( P =.05) a a a a a a b a a a a a b a a a a a Manage + X-77 Manage + X-77 (2X) Bueno 6 (2X) Image + Bueno 6 + X-77 Monument + X-77 Monument + X-77 (2X) 0 44 DAIT 76 DAIT 120 DAIT Application Dates: May 7, May 14 (Bueno 6) and Jun 20, 2003

79 PRE Weed Management Strategies Isoxaben (Gallery Dry Flowable) Gallery Dry Flowable is the only TRUE PRE broadleaf herbicide labeled in turfgrasses. This herbicide has very limited activity on grass plants and will control various summer and winter annual broadleaf weeds, as well certain perennial broadleaf weeds germinating from seed. All established turfgrasses (cool and warm season) are tolerant.

80 PRE Weed Management Strategies Many of the PRE crabgrass / annual bluegrass herbicides have activity on annual sedge as well as small-seeded summer and winter annual broadleaf weeds.

81 Prostrate Knotweed Dimension (Pre-M, Pendulum) Surflan Team Pro XL Barricade Annual Sedge Ronstar

82 Common Lespedeza Dimension Spotted Spurge Dimension Team Pro Ronstar XL Surflan Barricade (Pre-M, Pendulum)

83 Common Chickweed Barricade (Pre-M, Pendulum) Surflan Team Pro, XL Henbit Barricade (Pre-M, Pendulum) Surflan Dimension, XL

84 Hop Clover (Pre-M, Pendulum) Corn Speedwell (Pre-M, Pendulum) Dimension ***Barricade and Ronstar control some speedwell sp.

85 Wild Garlic Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds (October December) Best time for controlling these groups of weeds However, application timings critical if turf is to be overseeded or established at this time Winter Annual Seedlings Actively growing, immature stages, few leaves Cool-season Perennials Actively growing, recent new growth

86 Trimec Classic Fescue seed can be sown 3 to 4 weeks after application Do not apply to newly seeded turf until 2 nd or 3 rd mowing Confront Do not reseed until 3 weeks after application Newly seeded turf should be mowed 2 to 3 times before application Millennium Ultra Do not apply to newly seeded turf until well established

87 Wild Garlic Feb 22, ,4-D amine Many formulations 3 qt/acre + surfactant Bermuda, fescue, ryegrass Treat for 2 years Image 70DG 0.35 to 0.7 lb/acre + surfactant Bermuda, centipede, zoysia Apply before spring greenup Manor / Blade 0.33 to 0.5 oz/acre + surfactant Bermuda, centipede**, zoysia, St. Augustine, Ky. bluegrass

88 Weedar 64 3 qt/acre + NIS 0.25% v/v Mar 11, 2005 (17 DAT)

89 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds Ground ivy India mock strawberry Dandelion Dock / Plantain species White clover Wild violet Yellow woodsorrel Carolina geranium Henbit Chickweed species Speedwell species Lawn burweed Field pansy Hairy bittercress Hop clover

90 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Active ingredients include 2,4-D mecoprop dicamba dichlorprop mcpa Registered since at least the 1970 s 2 or 3-way mixtures commonly used Trimec, Triamine, Weedone, etc... (trade names)

91 Possible Weed Escapes (White) Using Trimec and Triamine Formulations Ground ivy India mock strawberry Dandelion Dock / Plantain species White clover Wild violet Yellow woodsorrel Carolina geranium Henbit Chickweed species Speedwell species Lawn burweed Field pansy Hairy bittercress Hop clover

92 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Active ingredients include triclopyr woody plants clopyralid herbaceous legume plants Registered since s Used together Confront (trade name) Used with older chemistries Horsepower, Coolpower, Chaser, Momentum, Millennium Ultra (trade names)

93 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Active ingredient includes carfentrazone registered in 2002 Possible replacement for clopyralid loss Power Zone, Speed Zone and Speed Zone Southern (trade names) Carfentrazone in combinations with 2,4-D, mcpa, mecoprop and dicamba

94 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Active ingredients include fluroxypyr registered in 2004 sulfentrazone registered in 2004 Possible replacements for clopyralid loss Escalade (trade name) is a mixture of fluroxypyr + 2,4-D + dicamba Surge (trade name) is a mixture of sulfentrazone + 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba

95 Wild Garlic Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds (January March) All products discussed in the October December section may be used (however, control may not be as good) Higher rates may be needed due to maturity of overwintered weeds Apply after growth resumes following winter dormancy

96 Trimec Classic 3.5 pt/acre Confront 1.5 pt/acre Millennium Ultra 2.5 pt/acre Check ( ) 17 DAT

97 Speed Zone 3.5 pt/acre (Mar 31, 2005) 17 DAT

98 Warm Season Perennial and Summer Annual Broadleaf Weeds Virginia buttonweed Dollarweed Spotted spurge Common lespedeza Prostrate knotweed In general initiate in spring (Apr-Jun)

99 Virginia Buttonweed Perennial, yellow-green color 2,4-D + clopyralid + dicamba (Millennium Ultra) 2 to 3 pt/acre 2 applications 4 weeks apart Not centipede or St. Augustine Other Control Options Triclopyr + clopyralid (Confront) 2 pt/acre Repeat application needed; Not fine fescue, bahia, St. Augustine Other two and three-way bdlf herbicide combinations

100 Trimec Southern Manor + NIS 2 pt/acre 0.5 oz/acre % (2X) Monument + NIS 0.33 oz/acre % (2X) Photo Jun 15, 2005 (8 WAIT) Confront 1 pt/acre also provides good initial control

101 Common Lespedeza Taproot, low growing Control with products containing mecoprop, dicamba, triclopyr, clopyralid, fluroxypyr Control when young and actively growing Spotted Spurge Taproot, low growing Control with products containing mecoprop, dicamba, triclopyr, clopyralid, fluroxypyr Control when young and actively growing

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