Types of Weeds. Broadleaf Grasses Sedges. To control weeds effectively they must be classified as broadleaf, grassy, or sesdges.

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2 Types of Weeds Broadleaf Grasses Sedges To control weeds effectively they must be classified as broadleaf, grassy, or sesdges. 2

3 Life Cycles Annuals Summer Winter Biennials Perennials Summer Winter Knowing the life cycle of a weed is important when scheduling applications of herbicides. 3

4 The dandelion is a classical broadleaf weed. It has a colorful flower, a tap root, and intersecting veins on leaves. 4

5 Dandelion Perennial Broadleaf The dandelion is a cool-season, perennial, broadleaf weed. 5

6 Common chickweed is another cool-season, broadleaf weed, but is an annual weed. 6

7 Common Chickweed Winter Annual Broadleaf 7

8 Identifying weeds in the seedling stage is critical to their control. This illustrates knotweed in the early spring. Knotweed is a warm-season, annual, broadleaf weed and can be effectively controlled with herbicides in the seedling stage. 8

9 Knotweed Summer Annual Broadleaf 9

10 This plant in the immature stage bares little resemblance to the mature plant. In the immature stage the weed can be readily controlled with herbicides. Mature plants are very difficult to control. This is the Blackland aster, a warm-season, annual, broadleaf weed. 10

11 The Blackland aster after maturity in late summer. In the mature stage the plant has numerous flowers and a very wiry texture in contrast to the succulent nature of the immature plant. 11

12 Blackland Aster Summer Annual Broadleaf 12

13 Henbit is another cool-season, annual, broadleaf plant. 13

14 Henbit Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed 14

15 Spotted spurge is a warm-season, annual, broadleaf weed. As illustrated here, the plant will dominate a bermudagrass turf. 15

16 Spotted Spurge Summer Annual Broadleaf 16

17 Sow thistle is a cool-season, annual, broadleaf weed. 17

18 Thistle Winter Annual Broadleaf 18

19 White clover is a cool-season, perennial, broadleaf plant. In a pasture white clover is very desirable. In turfgrasses clover competes with the grass and is generally undesirable. 19

20 White Clover Winter Perennial Broadleaf 20

21 Burweed, the plant in the center of this slide, is a cool-season, annual, broadleaf weed. The plant in the mature stage is covered with prickly spines that make it undesirable on sports fields, golf courses, and playgrounds. 21

22 Spurweed (Burweed) Winter Annual Broadleaf 22

23 Matchweed is a warm-season, perennial, broadleaf weed. 23

24 Matchweed Summer Perennial Broadleaf 24

25 Virginia buttonweed is another warm-season, perennial, broadleaf weed that is very competitive with all turfgrasses. 25

26 Virginia Buttonweed Summer Perennial Broadleaf 26

27 Broadleaf Weeds Postemerge Hormone-type herbicides Broadleaf weeds can be effectively controlled with hormone-type herbicides if they are applied during the proper life stage of the weed. Mature broadleaf weeds are very difficult to control with hormone-type herbicides. All hormone-type herbicides are postemerge chemicals and are most effective during the seedling stage of the plant. 27

28 Postemerge Broadleaf Weed Control 2,4-D Amine Dacamine 4D Weedar 64 MCPP Dicamba Ortho Chickweed & Clover Killer Banvel These are examples of postemerge chemicals used for broadleaf weed control. The column on the right illustrates products that can be purchased. The column on the left is the common chemical name of the herbicide. 28

29 Postemerge Broadleaf Weed Control 2,4-D Amine + MCPP Chipco Turf Kleen Ortho Weed-B-Gon Killer 2 Plus 2 2,4-D amine + MCPP + Dicamba Greenlight s Wipeout Broadleaf Weed Killer Ortho s Chickweed, Spruge & Oxalis Killer Gordon s Trimec Lesco s Three Way Combination products are available to provide a broader spectrum of control of broadleaf weeds. 29

30 Growth Regulators Upset the normal hormone balance in susceptible plants, causing a disruption of several plant processes, i.e. cell enlargement and division, protein synthesis, respiration Example: 2,4-D, MCPA, MCPP, dicamba Generally applied postemergence for broadleaf weed control Symptoms (leaf curling, stem twisting) occur very quickly Generally short residual activity in soil Systemically translocated in susceptible plants Hormone-type herbicides are growth regulators that interfere with the normal growth processes of these weeds. 30

31 A dandelion plant at the time of application of a hormone-type herbicide. 31

32 The same plant several days after application showing twisted, distorted growth of the plant. 32

33 Pigweed after the application of a hormone-type herbicide. Again, showing distorted growth of the plant. 33

34 Postemerge Weed Control Young, actively growing weeds Climatic conditions Low volume spray applications Addition of a surfactant Postemerge products are most effective on young, actively growing plants during warm temperatures. The effectiveness of most products is improved by the addition of a surfactant or wetting agent. 34

35 Weed Control in Dormant Bermudagrass Roundup Sencor In dormant bermudagrass Roundup and other products can be used to control all broadleaf weeds. 35

36 A golf course fairway after the application of RoundUp during the dormant season. 36

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