WEED SURVEY SOUTHERN STATES. Grass Crops Subsection. (Corn; Grain Sorghum, Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands; Rice; Small Grains; Sugarcane; Turf; Wheat)

Transcription

1 WEED SURVEY SOUTHERN STATES 2000 Grass Crops Subsection (Corn; Grain Sorghum, Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands; Rice; Small Grains; Sugarcane; Turf; Wheat) Theodore M. Webster Chairperson Information in this report is provided by the following individuals: Alabama John Everest Mike Patterson Arkansas Florida John Boyd Joyce A. Treadway (coordinator) Barry J. Brecke Joan Dusky J. Bryan Unruh A.S. Blount C. G. Chambliss J. J. Mullahey Georgia A. Stanley Culpepper Tim R. Murphy Eric P. Prostko R. Dewey Lee Kentucky J. D. Green J. R. Martin Louisiana Donnie K. Miller (coordinator) Jim Griffin Eric Webster Roy Virdine Reed Lencse Ron Strahan Dearl Sanders Bill Williams Mississippi John Byrd North Carolina Alan York Fred Yelverton Jason Hinton Oklahoma Puerto Rico Don Murray Maria de L. Lugo South Carolina Ed Murdock Bert McCarty Tennessee G. Neil Rhodes, Jr. Darren K. Robinson Texas Paul Baumann Peter Dotray Todd Baughman Virginia Scott Hagood Jeff Derr Lloyd Hipkins 247

2 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Corn. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrasses Crabgrasses 2 Crabgrasses Goosegrass Common cocklebur 3 Morningglories Florida pusley Texas panicum 4 Pigweeds Texas panicum Morningglories 5 Florida pusley Sicklepod Sicklepod 6 Sicklepod Florida beggarweed Pigweeds 7 Johnsongrass Morningglories Johnsongrass 8 Fall panicum Pigweeds Florida beggarweed 9 Cocklebur Common cocklebur Yellow nutsedge 10 Nutsedges Nutsedges Common bermudagrass 1 Johnsongrass Texas panicum Texas panicum 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Florida beggarweed Sicklepod 3 Morningglories Sicklepod Morningglories 4 Texas panicum Nutsedges Pigweeds 5 Fall panicum Morningglories Nutsedges 6 Sicklepod Johnsongrass Common cocklebur 7 Cocklebur Common cocklebur Florida beggarweed 8 Pigweeds Pigweeds Crabgrasses 9 Smooth crabgrass Goosegrass Johnsongrass 10 Wild radish Crabgrasses Pennsylvania smartweed 248

3 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Corn (continued). Ranking Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi 1 Smooth pigweed Johnsongrass Broadleaf signalgrass 2 Giant foxtail Broadleaf signalgrass Annual morningglories 3 Large crabgrass Crabgrasses Southern crabgrass 4 Johnsongrass Morningglories Common cocklebur 5 Ivyleaf morningglory Itchgrass Johnsongrass 6 Honeyvine milkweed Cyperus spp. Sicklepod 7 Fall panicum Pigweeds Purple nutsedge 8 Common cocklebur Hemp sesbania Pigweeds 9 Giant ragweed Sicklepod Pennsylvania smartweed 10 Yellow nutsedge Barnyardgrass Goosegrass 1 Honeyvine milkweed Johnsongrass Broadleaf signalgrass 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Morningglories Annual morningglories 3 Burcucumber Itchgrass Common cocklebur 4 Trumpetcreeper Cyperus spp. Common bermudagrass 5 Giant ragweed Swinecress Horsenettle 6 Johnsongrass Culteaf eveningprimrose Purple nutsedge 7 Common pokeweed Ryegrass spp. Sicklepod 8 Ivyleaf morningglory Curly dock Palmer amaranth 9 Fall panicum Sicklepod Southern crabgrass 10 Common cocklebur Hemp sesbania Yellow nutsedge 249

4 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Corn (continued). Ranking North Carolina Oklahoma Puerto Rico 1 Large crabgrass Pigweeds Johnsongrass 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Large crabgrass Crabgrasses 3 Redroot/Smooth pigweed Johnsongrass Red sprangletop 4 Common lambsquarters Barnyardgrass Itchgrass 5 Annual morningglories Morningglories Alexandergrass 6 Sicklepod Common cocklebur Goosegrass 7 Fall panicum Shattercane Junglerice 8 Common ragweed Common lambsquarters Horse purslane 9 Common cocklebur Yellow foxtail Pigweeds 10 Johnsongrass Kochia Wild poinsettia 1 Annual morningglories Johnsongrass Itchgrass 2 Burcucumber Shattercane Johnsongrass 3 Common milkweed Barnyardgrass Nutsedges 4 Hemp dogbane Large crabgrass Bermudagrass 5 Carolina horsenettle Yellow foxtail Crabgrasses 6 Common bermudagrass Pigweeds Goosegrass 7 Broadleaf signalgrass Field sandbur Junglerice 8 Texas panicum Kochia Alexandergrass 9 Purple nutsedge Morningglories Wild poinsettia 10 Fall panicum Common lambsquarters Red sprangletop 250

5 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Corn (continued). Ranking South Carolina Tennessee Texas 1 Southern crabgrass Large crabgrass Pigweeds 2 Palmer amaranth Common cocklebur Johnsongrass 3 Morningglories Johnsongrass Barnyardgrass 4 Sicklepod Pigweeds Sunflower 5 Broadleaf signalgrass Ivyleaf/Entireleaf Texas panicum morningglory 6 Goosegrass Sicklepod Broadleaf signalgrass 7 Nutsedges Broadleaf signalgrass Browntop panicum 8 Texas panicum Common ragweed Yellow nutsedge 9 Common cocklebur Trumpetcreeper Morningglories 10 Johnsongrass Fall panicum Junglerice 1 Bermudagrass Broadleaf signalgrass Pigweeds 2 Texas panicum Common cocklebur Johnsongrass 3 Morningglories Sicklepod Texas panicum 4 Broadleaf signalgrass Honeyvine milkweed Yellow nutsedge 5 Johnsongrass Burcucumber Sunflower 6 Nutsedges Horsenettle Barnyardgrass 7 Sicklepod Bermudagrass Morningglories 8 Common cocklebur Trumpetcreeper Broadleaf signalgrass 9 Palmer amaranth Johnsongrass Browntop panicum 10 Italian ryegrass Giant ragweed Junglerice 251

6 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Corn (continued). Ranking State Virginia 1 Fall panicum 2 Smooth pigweed 3 Crabgrasses 4 Foxtails 5 Johnsongrass 6 Morningglories 7 Common lambsquarters 8 Yellow nutsedge 9 Common ragweed 10 Bermudagrass 1 Johnsongrass 2 Bermudagrass 3 Common milkweed 4 Horsenettle 5 Hemp dogbane 6 Yellow nutsedge 7 Rubus spp. 8 Common lambsquarter 9 Smooth pigweed 10 Canada thistle 252

7 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Grain sorghum. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Crabgrasses Crabgrasses Crabgrasses 2 Morningglories Goosegrass Common cocklebur 3 Broadleaf signalgrass Texas panicum Morningglories 4 Johnsongrass Morningglories Texas panicum 5 Cocklebur Common cocklebur Johnsongrass 6 Sicklepod Sicklepod Sicklepod 7 Pigweeds Pigweeds Pigweeds 8 Fall panicum Florida beggarweed Florida beggarweed 9 Florida pusley Johnsongrass Nutsedges 10 Texas panicum Nutsedges Bermudagrass 1 Johnsongrass Crabgrasses Texas panicum 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Texas panicum Johnsongrass 3 Morningglories Goosegrass Morningglories 4 Texas panicum Sicklepod Crabgrasses 5 Sicklepod Pigweeds Bermudagrass 6 Cocklebur Morningglories Common cocklebur 7 Fall panicum Nutsedges Sicklepod 8 Crabgrasses Florida pusley Pigweeds 9 Pigweeds Florida beggarweed Nutsedges 10 Florida pusley Common cocklebur Florida beggarweed 253

8 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Grain sorghum (continued). Ranking Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina 1 Crabgrasses Broadleaf signalgrass Large crabgrass 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Southern crabgrass Broadleaf signalgrass 3 Johnsongrass Pitted morningglory Redroot/Smooth pigweed 4 Barnyardgrass Common cocklebur Common lambsquarters 5 Morningglories Sicklepod Annual morningglories 6 Common cocklebur Pigweeds Sicklepod 7 Pigweeds Common bermudagrass Fall panicum 8 Goosegrass Barnyardgrass Common ragweed 9 Nutsedges Johnsongrass Common cocklebur 10 Sicklepod Pennsylvania smartweed Johnsongrass 1 Johnsongrass Johnsongrass Johnsongrass 2 Crabgrasses Broadleaf signalgrass Broadleaf signalgrass 3 Broadleaf signalgrass Common bermudagrass Large crabgrass 4 Barnyardgrass Annual morningglories Annual morningglories 5 Morningglories Common cocklebur Sicklepod 6 Common cocklebur Purple nutsedge Common milkweed 7 Pigweeds Barnyardgrass Hemp dogbane 8 Goosegrass Palmer amaranth Carolina horsenettle 9 Itchgrass Honeyvine milkweed Fall panicum 10 Nutsedges Southern crabgrass Common bermudagrass 254

9 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Grain sorghum (continued). Ranking Oklahoma Puerto Rico South Carolina 1 Pigweeds Johnsongrass Southern crabgrass 2 Large crabgrass Large crabgrass Palmer amaranth 3 Johnsongrass Red sprangletop Morningglories 4 Texas panicum Itchgrass Johnsongrass 5 Shattercane Alexandergrass Broadleaf signalgrass 6 Morningglories Goosegrass Sicklepod 7 Common cocklebur Junglerice Goosegrass 8 Fall panicum Horse purslane Common cocklebur 9 Yellow foxtail Pigweeds Nutsedges 10 Kochia Wild poinsettia Fall panicum 1 Johnsongrass Itchgrass Bermudagrass 2 Shattercane Johnsongrass Johnsongrass 3 Texas panicum Bermudagrass Broadleaf signalgrass 4 Barnyardgrass Crabgrasses Morningglories 5 Pigweeds Goosegrass Nutsedges 6 Fall panicum Nutsedges Sicklepod 7 Yellow foxtail Junglerice Palmer amaranth 8 Large crabgrass Alexandergrass Common cocklebur 9 Field bindweed Wild poinsettia Southern crabgrass 10 Field sandbur Red sprangletop Goosegrass 255

10 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Grain sorghum (continued). Ranking Tennessee Texas Virginia 1 Large crabgrass Pigweeds Fall panicum 2 Johnsongrass Johnsongrass Mornigglories 3 Common cocklebur Sunflower Johnsongrass 4 Pigweeds Barnyardgrass Smooth pigweed 5 Ivyleaf/Entireleaf Texas panicum Common lambsquarters morningglory 6 Sicklepod Broadleaf signalgrass Foxtails 7 Fall panicum Browntop panicum Common ragweed 8 Trumpetcreeper Yellow nutsedge Crabgrasses 9 Common ragweed Morningglories Yellow nutsedge 10 Broadleaf signalgrass Silverleaf nightshade Bermudagrass 1 Johnsongrass Silverleaf nightshade Johnsongrass 2 Common cocklebur Pigweeds Shattercane 3 Sicklepod Johnsongrass Bermudagrass 4 Ivyleaf/Entireleaf Yellow nutsedge Horsenettle morningglory 5 Trumpetcreeper Sunflower Common milkweed 6 Honeyvine milkweed Barnyardgrass Hemp dogbane 7 Broadleaf signalgrass Broadleaf signalgrass Yellow nutsedge 8 Pigweeds Texas panicum Smooth pigweed 9 Fall panicum Browntop panicum Fall panicum 10 Giant ragweed Morningglories Mornigglories 256

11 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands. Ranking Alabama Arkansas Florida 1 Crabgrasses Buttercups Wild radish 2 Dogfennel Common ragweed Sandburs 3 Buttercups Lanceleaf ragweed Smutgrass 4 Thistles Persimmon Briars 5 Pigweeds Crabgrasses Vaseygrass 6 Common bermudagrass Foxtails Dogfennel 7 Broomsedge Dallisgrass Tropical soda apple 8 Carolina horsenettle Red sorrel Southern waxmyrtle 9 Field sandbur Bitterweed Cogongrass 10 Smutgrass Smooth pigweed Torpedograss 1 Carolina horsenettle Honeylocust Sandburs 2 Pricklypears Blackberry Smutgrass 3 Smutgrass Pricklypears Tropical soda apple 4 Dalligrass Horsenettle Dogfennel 5 Crabgrasses Greenbriar Southern waxmyrtle 6 Torpedograss Johnsongrass Briars 7 Field sandbur Crabgrasses Horseweed 8 Blackberry Dallisgrass Cogongrass 9 Johnsongrass Foxtails Pricklypears 10 Horseweed Sandburs Horsenettle 257

12 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands (continued). Ranking Georgia Kentucky Louisianna 1 Crabgrasses Foxtails Crabgrasses 2 Amaranthus spp. Large crabgrass Broadleaf signalgrass 3 Thistles Musk thistle Foxtails 4 Carolina horsenettle Tall ironweed Curly dock 5 Bahiagrass Buttercups Wooly croton 6 Buttercups Spiny amaranth Dogfennel 7 Dogfennel Chicory Spiny amaranth 8 Rubus spp. Broomsedge Smutgrass 9 Bitter sneezeweed Curly dock Rubus spp. 10 Broomsedge Common cocklebur Buttercups 1 Carolina horsenettle Tall ironweed Smutgrass 2 Thistles Multiflora rose Bahiagrass 3 Bahiagrass Musk thistle Foxtails 4 Johnsongrass Purpletop Bluestem/Broomsedge 5 Crabgrasses Blackberries Buttercups 6 Smutgrass Buckbrush Southern waxmyrtle 7 Field sandbur Broomsedge Spiny amaranth 8 Rubus spp. Eastern red cedar Multiflora rose 9 Dogfennel Horsenettle Vaseygrass 10 Nutsedges Nimblewill Chinese tallow 258

13 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands (continued). Ranking Mississippi Puerto Rico South Carolina 1 Broadleaf signalgrass Tall albizia Crabgrasses 2 Dallisgrass Cortadera (Paspalum Dewberry/Blackberry millegrana) 3 Rootknot foxtail Cortadero (Paspalum Thistles virgatum) 4 Southern crabgrass Casha Dogfennel 5 Carolina horsenettle Giant milkweed Horsenettle 6 Dogfennel Mesquite Multiflora rose 7 Spiny amaranth Thorny sensitive plant Broomsedge 8 Thistles Catclaw mimosa Bitter sneezeweed 9 Blackberry Climbing mimosa Johnsongrass 10 Broomsedge Wire weed Curly dock 1 Rootknot foxtail Tall albizia Cyperus spp. 2 Broomsedge Cortadera (Paspalum Sandburs millegrana) 3 Carolina horsenettle Casha Horsenettle 4 Boneset Mesquite Bahiagrass 5 Dallisgrass Climbing mimosa Dogfennel 6 Dogfennel Cortadero (Paspalum Dewberry/Blackberry virgatum) 7 Spiny amaranth Catclaw mimosa Bitter sneezeweed 8 Thistles Venezuela grass Vaseygrass 9 Perilla mint Giant milkweed Paspalum spp. 10 Smutgrass Wire weed Pricklypears 259

14 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands (continued). Ranking Tennessee Texas Virginia 1 Large crabgrass Wooly croton Pigweeds 2 Buttercups Western ragweed Common lambsquarters 3 Spiny amaranth Bahiagrass Mustards 4 Buckhorn plantain Marshelder Ragweeds 5 Common cocklebur Dallisgrass Fall panicum 6 Horsenettle Common broomweed Foxtails 7 Johnsongrass Bitter sneezeweed Spiny amaranth 8 Brambles Silverleaf nightshade Biennial thistles 9 Tall ironweed Field sandbur Plantains 10 Musk thistle Smutgrass Buttercups 1 Horsenettle Dallisgrass Multiflora rose 2 Buttercups Field sandbur Red cedar 3 Musk thistles Silverleaf nightshade Common pokeweed 4 Brambles Western ragweed Dewberry/Blackberry 5 Buckhorn plantain Pricklypears Horsenettle 6 Tall ironweed Carolina horsenettle Milkweeds 7 Curly dock Dogfennel Hemp dogbane 8 Spiny amaranth Texas bullnettle Canada thistle 9 Common cocklebur Johnsongrass Docks 10 Dallisgrass Common milkweed Biennial thistles 260

15 Table 4. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Rice. Ranking Florida Louisiana Mississippi 1 Texasweed Echinochloa spp. Barnyardgrass 2 Primrose willow Red rice Hemp sesbania 3 Fall panicum Leptochloa spp. Pitted morningglory 4 Purple and Yellow Ducksalad Palmleaf morningglory nutsedge 5 Sprangletops Annual sedges Red rice 6 Barnyardgrass Hemp sesbania Ducksalad 7 Dayflowers Texasweed Purple ammania 8 Pigweeds Dayflowers Amazon sprangletop 9 Goosegrass Eclipta Broadleaf signalgrass 10 Alligatorweed Ammanias Yellow nutsedge 1 Purple nutsedge Red rice Barnyardgrass 2 Yellow nutsedge Paspalum spp. Palmleaf morningglory 3 Texasweed Cyperus spp. Pitted morningglory 4 Alligatorweed Leptochloa spp. Red rice 5 Primrose willow Alligatorweed Amazon sprangletop 6 Fall panicum Texasweed Ducksalad 7 Guineagrass Ducksalad Purple ammania 8 Sprangletops Dayflowers Yellow nutsedge 9 Dayflowers Echinochloa spp. Broadleaf signalgrass 10 Barnyardgrass Broadleaf signalgrass Hemp sesbania 261

16 Table 4. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Rice (continued). Ranking State Texas 1 Barnyardgrass 2 Junglerice 3 Red rice 4 Texasweed 5 Broadleaf signalgrass 6 Sprangletops 7 Dayflowers 8 Alligatorweed 9 Soft rush 10 Flatsedges 1 Barnyardgrass 2 Junglerice 3 Red rice 4 Texasweed 5 Broadleaf signalgrass 6 Sprangletops 7 Dayflowers 8 Alligatorweed 9 Soft rush 10 Flatsedges 262

17 Table 5. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Small Grains. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Wild garlic Cutleaf eveningprimrose Wild radish 2 Wild mustard Virginia pepperweed Italian ryegrass 3 Annual ryegrass Italian ryegrass Wild garlic/onion 4 Chickweed Wild radish Cutleaf eveningprimrose 5 Wild radish Carpetweed Henbit 6 Henbit Corn spurry Curly dock 7 Curly dock Cudweeds Vetch spp. 8 Virginia pepperweed Curly dock Swinecress 9 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Wild garlic Little barley 10 Little barley Henbit Common lambsquarters 1 Annual ryegrass Wild radish/mustard Wild radish 2 Wild radish Wild garlic Italian ryegrass 3 Wild mustard Curly dock Wild garlic 4 Wild garlic Corn spurry Curly dock 5 Chickweed Cutleaf eveningprimrose Henbit 6 Curly dock Virginia pepperweed Cutleaf eveningprimrose 7 Henbit Italian ryegrass Vetch spp. 8 Little barley Henbit Swinecress 9 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Carpetweed Little barley 10 Virginia pepperweed Cudweeds Common lambsquarters 263

18 Table 5. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Small Grains (continued). Ranking North Carolina South Carolina Virginia 1 Common chickweed Wild radish Mustards 2 Henbit Henbit Common chickweed 3 Italian ryegrass Chickweed Henbit 4 Wild garlic Italian ryegrass Wild garlic 5 Wild mustard Wild garlic Knawel 6 Wild radish Cutleaf eveningprimrose Mayweed chamomile 7 Mouseear chickweed Vetch spp. Italian ryegrass 8 Knawel Shepherdspurse Mouseear chickweed 9 Cornflower Corn spurry Speedwells 10 Shepherdspurse * Vetch spp. 1 Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass 2 Wild garlic Wild garlic Mouseear chickweed 3 Henbit Wild radish Speedwells 4 Knawel Knawel Vetch spp. 5 Mouseear chickweed Curly dock Wild garlic 6 Wild radish Henbit Mustards 7 Curly dock Chickweed Henbit 8 Speedwells * Knawel 9 Common chickweed * Mayweed chamomile 10 Corn gromwell * Common chickweed 264

19 Table 6. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Sugarcane. Ranking Florida Louisiana Puerto Rico 1 Spiny amaranth Johnsongrass Nutsedges 2 Fall panicum Bermudagrass Crabgrasses 3 Guineagrass Itchgrass Itchgrass 4 Nutsedges (purple and Red morningglory Guineagrass yellow) 5 Giant bristlegrass Pitted morningglory Johnsongrass 6 Bermudagrass Entireleaf morningglory Junglerice 7 Goosegrass Broadleaf signalgrass Wild poinsettia 8 Bracharia spp. Browntop panicum Pigweeds 9 Napiergrass Nutsedges Morningglories 10 Sorghum almum Wild poinsettia Bermudagrass 1 Guineagrass Johnsongrass Itchgrass 2 Purple nutsedge Red morningglory Johnsongrass 3 Fall panicum Pitted morningglory Guineagrass 4 Giant bristlegrass Entireleaf morningglory Alexandergrass 5 Itchgrass Itchgrass Goosegrass 6 Napiergrass Broadleaf signalgrass Bermudagrass 7 Sorghum almum Bermudagrass Crabgrasses 8 Bermudagrass Browntop panicum Purple nutsedge 9 Balsam apple Nutsedges Paragrass 10 Morningglories Wild poinsettia Red sprangletop 265

20 Table 6. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Sugarcane (continued). Ranking State Texas 1 Pigweeds 2 Browntop panicum 3 Junglerice 4 Johnsongrass 5 Barnyardgrass 6 Bermudagrass 7 Common sunflower 8 Southern crabgrass 9 Red sprangletop 10 Knotweeds 1 Pigweeds 2 Browntop panicum 3 Junglerice 4 Johnsongrass 5 Barnyardgrass 6 Bermudagrass 7 Common sunflower 8 Southern crabgrass 9 Red sprangletop 10 Knotweeds 266

21 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Turf. Ranking Alabama Arkansas Florida 1 Annual bluegrass Crabgrasses Crabgrasses 2 Crabgrasses Annual bluegrass Goosegrass 3 Goosegrass Dallisgrass Pennyworts 4 Wild garlic Yellow nutsedge Cyperus spp. 5 Henbit Purple nutsedge Dayflowers 6 Spurges Bermudagrass Annual bluegrass 7 Annual lespedeza White clover Bull paspalum 8 Lawn burweed Lespedeza Spurges 9 Nutsedges Henbit Sandburs 10 Chickweeds Chickweeds Beggarstick 1 Virginia buttonweed Crabgrasses Pennyworts 2 Bahiagrass Yellow nutsedge Torpedograss 3 Wild violet Purple nutsedge Florida betony 4 Ground ivy Dallisgrass Cyperus spp. 5 Florida betony Virginia buttonweed Goosegrass 6 Spurges Pathrush Crabgrasses 7 Annual lespedeza Annual bluegrass Annual bluegrass 8 Torpedograss Bermudagrass Sandburs 9 Nutsedges Tufted lovegrass Spurges 10 Wild garlic Wild garlic Beggarstick 267

22 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Turf (continued). Ranking Georgia Kentucky Louisiana 1 Crabgrasses Large crabgrass Crabgrasses 2 Annual bluegrass Dandelion Virgina buttonweed 3 Henbit Broadleaf plantain Dallisgrass 4 Common chickweed White clover Goosegrass 5 Dallisgrass Common chickweed Nutsedges 6 Goosegrass Wild violet Bermudagrass 7 Common lespedeza Wild garlic White clover 8 Nutsedges Nimblewill Bahiagrass 9 Wild garlic Dallisgrass Spurweed 10 Bahiagrass Yellow nutsedge Dandelion 1 Virginia buttonweed Annual bluegrass Virginia buttonweed 2 Nutsedges Wild violet Dallisgrass 3 Dallisgrass Nimblewill Bermudagrass 4 Violets Virginia buttonweed Torpedograss 5 Annual bluegrass Star-of-Bethlehem Doveweed 6 Woodsorrels Dallisgrass Goosegrass 7 Phyllanthus spp. Bermudagrass Bahiagrass 8 Wild garlic Common lespedeza Nutsedges 9 Bermudagrass Yellow nutsedge Spurweed 10 Florida betony White clover Green kyllinga 268

23 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Turf (continued). Ranking Mississippi North Carolina Puerto Rico 1 Southern crabgrass Annual bluegrass Bermudagrass 2 Annual bluegrass Crabgrasses Sour paspalum 3 Common chickweed Dallisgrass Sensitive plant 4 Henbit Chickweeds Garden spurge 5 Dallisgrass Goosegrass Tall fringe rush 6 Goosegrass Henbit Green kyllinga 7 Virginia buttonweed Clovers Goosegrass 8 Prostrate spurge Dandelion Nutsedges 9 Wild garlic Wild garlic Florida beggarweed 10 Common dandelion Kyllinga spp. Fingergrass 1 Virginia buttonweed Annual bluegrass Nutsedges 2 Common bermudagrass Dallisgrass Bermudagrass 3 Lawn burweed Kyllinga spp. Sour paspalum 4 Prostrate spurge Crabgrasses Tall fringe rush 5 Bahiagrass Goosegrass Green kyllinga 6 Goosegrass Virginia buttonweed Sensitive plant 7 Wild garlic Purple nutsedge Goosegrass 8 Purple nutsedge Violets Florida beggarweed 9 Henbit Yellow nutsedge Garden spurge 10 Annual bluegrass Wild garlic Fingergrass 269

24 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Turf (continued). Ranking South Carolina Tennessee Texas 1 Crabgrasses Large crabgrass Crabgrasses 2 Wild garlic/onion Goosegrass Dallisgrass 3 Dandelion Dandelion Goosegrass 4 Plantains Annual ryegrass Chickweeds 5 Annual bluegrass Chickweeds Henbit 6 Sandburs Henbit/deadnettle Virginia buttonweed 7 Cyperus spp. White clover K.R. bluestem 8 Goosegrass Speedwells Prostrate spurge 9 Chickweeds Dallisgrass Annual bluegrass 10 Henbit Yellow nutsedge Dandelion 1 Cyperus spp. Virgina buttonweed Dallisgrass 2 Sandburs Common violet Virginia buttonweed 3 Virginia buttonweed Nimblewill Slender aster 4 Dallisgrass Dallisgrass Yellow nutsedge 5 Parsley-piert Indian mockstrawberry Purple nutsedge 6 Annual bluegrass Annual bluegrass Bahiagrass 7 Annual lespedeza Lovegrass Dandelion 8 Spurweed Goosegrass Field sandbur 9 Wild garlic/onion White clover K. R. bluestem 10 Kyllinga spp. Yellow nutsedge Khakiweed 270

25 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Turf (continued). Ranking State Virginia 1 Large and smooth Crabgrass 2 Dandelion 3 Plantains 4 White clover 5 Common chickweed 6 Woodsorrels 7 Black medic 8 Mouseear chickweed 9 Henbit 10 Wild garlic 1 Virginia buttonweed 2 Nimblewill 3 Bermudagrass 4 Large and smooth crabgrass 5 Yellow nutsedge 6 Goosegrass 7 Violets 8 Dallisgrass 9 Perennial ryegrass 10 Corn speedwell 271

26 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Wheat. Ranking Alabama Florida Kentucky 1 Wild garlic Cutleaf eveningprimrose Wild garlic 2 Wild mustard Virginia pepperweed Common chickweed 3 Annual ryegrass Italian ryegrass Purple deadnettle 4 Chickweeds Wild radish Henbit 5 Wild radish Carpetweed Shepherdspurse 6 Henbit Corn spurry Philadelphia fleabane 7 Curly dock Cudweeds Pennsylvania smartweed 8 Virginia pepperweed Curly dock Common ragweed 9 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Wild garlic Marestail 10 Little barley Henbit Italian ryegrass 1 Annual ryegrass Wild radish Italian ryegrass 2 Wild radish Wild garlic Hairy chess 3 Wild mustard Curly dock Cheat 4 Wild garlic Corn spurry Wild garlic 5 Chickweeds Cutleaf eveningprimrose Star-of-Bethlehem 6 Curly dock Virginia pepperweed Curly dock 7 Henbit Italian ryegrass Pennsylvania smartweed 8 Little barley Henbit Marestail 9 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Carpetweed Cornflower 10 Virginia pepperweed Cudweeds Musk thistle 272

27 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Wheat (continued). Ranking Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina 1 Henbit Common chickweed Wild radish 2 Chickweeds Henbit Henbit 3 Annual bluegrass Italian ryegrass Chickweeds 4 Ryegrasses Wild garlic Italian ryegrass 5 Curly dock Wild mustard Wild garlic 6 Buttercups Wild radish Cutleaf eveningprimrose 7 Shepherdspurse Mouseear chickweed Vetches 8 Carolina foxtail Knawel Shepherdspurse 9 Wild garlic Cornflower Corn spurry 10 Cheat Shepherdspurse * 1 Ryegrasses Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass 2 Curly dock Wild garlic Wild garlic 3 Carolina geranium Henbit Wild radish 4 Wild garlic Knawel Knawel 5 Little barley Mouseear chickweed Curly dock 6 Cheat Wild radish Henbit 7 Pennsylvania smartweed Curly dock Chickweeds 8 Horseweed Speedwells * 9 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Common chickweed * 10 Bittercresses Corn gromwell * 273

28 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome in Wheat (continued). Ranking Tennessee Texas Virginia 1 Chickweeds Annual ryegrass Mustards 2 Henbit/deadnettle Tansy mustard Common chickweed 3 Wild garlic Turnipweed Henbit 4 Hairy bittercress Fixweed Wild garlic 5 Virginia pepperweed Cheat Knawel 6 Annual ryegrass Henbit Mayweed chamomile 7 Curly dock Corn gromwell Italian ryegrass 8 Common vetch Field bindweed Mouseear chickweed 9 Cheat Wild oat Speedwells 10 Little barley Kochia Vetch spp. 1 Annual ryegrass Field bindweed Italian ryegrass 2 Cheat Wild oat Mouseear chickweed 3 Common vetch Cheat Speedwells 4 Wild garlic Annual ryegrass Vetch spp. 5 Little barley Sunflower Wild garlic 6 Cornflower Rescuegrass Mustards 7 Curly dock Silverleaf nightshade Henbit 8 Musk thistle Henbit Knawel 9 Henbit/deadnettle Jointed goatgrass Mayweed chamomile 10 Chickweeds Red horned poppy Common chickweed 274