Identification of Common Weeds of Rice

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2 Identification of Common Weeds of Rice Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Amazon sprangletop (Leptochloa panicoides)

3 Ammannia (red stem) (Ammannia robusta) Arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.)

4 Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus galli) Flat sheath, no ligule, no hairs on blade, no auricles. Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca)

5 Broadleaf signalgrass (Urochloa platyphylla) Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.)

6 Ducksalad (Heteranthera limosa) Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Round sheath, ligule with fringe of hairs, blade smooth with prominent midvein, no auricles.

7 Rice flatsedge (Cyperus iria) Gooseweed (Sphenoclea zeylanica) 1

8 Hemp sesbania (coffeebean) (Sesbania herbacea) Johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense) Round sheath; membranous, tall, jagged ligule; blade smooth with prominent midvein; no auricles.

9 Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) Northern jointvetch (curly indigo) (Aeschynomene virginica)

10 Palmleaf morningglory (Ipomoea wrightii ) Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa)

11 Red rice (Oryza sativa)

12 Rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) Roundleaf mudplantain (Heteranthera reniformis)

13 Smartweed (Polygonum spp.) Smallflower Umbrella Sedge (Cyperus difformis)

14 Waterhyssop (Bacopa spp.) Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Stems and leaves triangular, reproduces by seed and tubers.

15 Preemergence Herbicide Weed Response Ratings Grasses Broadleaf Weeds ( = no control, 1 = 1! control) Sedges Umbrella sedge Yellow nutsedge Spikerush Water hyssop Flatsedges Texasweed Pitted Morningglory Smartweed Pigweed, Palmer Palmleaf morningglory Northern jointvetch (curly indigo) Indian jointvetch Hemp sesbania (coffeebean) Groundcherry False Pimpernel Gooseweed Eclipta Dayflower Ducksalad Fall panicum Red rice Rice cutgrass Sprangletop (loosehead/ bearded) Sprangletop (tighthead/ Amazon) Ammania (red stem) 1 Herbicide MOA Barnyardgrass1 Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrass Herbicides League Prowl Facet Facet + Prowl Facet + Bolero Obey (Facet + Command) Bolero Bolero,,, * Command 1 1 Some biotypes of barnyardgrass are resistant to Command, propanil, Facet, both Facet and propanil, and Newpath, Grasp and Regiment. Some biotypes of flatsedge and yellow nutsedge are resistant to Permit, Permit Plus, Regiment, Strada, Grasp, and Newpath. Delayed PRE Water seeded PRE/delayed PRE *Water seed pinpoint flood culture **Read and follow all label directions when using these products.**

16 Broadleaf We Grasses ( = no control, 1 = 1! control) Ratings Postemergence Weed Response Early Sedges Yellow nutsedge Umbrella sedge Spikerush Flatsedges eds Water hyssop Texasweed Smartweed 1 Pitted Morningglory Pigweed, Palmer Palmleaf morningglory Northern jointvetch (curly indigo) Indian jointvetch Hemp sesbania (coffeebean) Groundcherry Gooseweed False Pimpernel Eclipta Ducksalad Dayflower Ammania (red stem) Sprangletop (tighthead / Amazon) Sprangletop (loosehead / bearded) Rice cutgrass Red rice. Fall panicum Crabgrass Broadleaf signalgrass Barnyardgrass1 Herbicide MOA 1 1, Herbicides Clincher Ricestar HT Grasp Londax Newpath fb Newpath Permit Permit Plus Regiment Strada Facet Grandstand + Permit

17 Facet + propanil, Grandstand + Propanil, Basagran Basagran + propanil, Propanil 1 Propanil fb propanil Propanil + Londax, Propanil + Permit, 1 1 Propanil + Prowl, 1 Propanil + Bolero, Aim Sharpen 1 1 Ultra Blazer + propanil 1, 1 1 Some biotypes of barnyardgrass are resistant to Command, propanil, Facet, both Facet and propanil, and Newpath, Grasp, and Regiment. Some biotypes of flatsedge and yellow nutsedge are resistant to Permit, Permit Plus, Regiment, Strada, Grasp, and Newpath. *Water seed pinpoint flood culture Postemergence control only **Read and follow all label directions when using these products.** 1

18 Yellow nutsedge Midseason Herbicide Weed Response Ratings ( = no control, 1 = 1! control) Broadleaf Weeds Sedges False Pimpernel Gooseweed Groundcherry Hemp sesbania (coffeebean) Indian jointvetch Northern jointvetch (curly indigo) Palmleaf morningglory Pigweed, Palmer Pitted Morningglory Smartweed Texasweed Water hyssop Flatsedges Spikerush Umbrella sedge Grasses Dayflower Ducksalad Eclipta Herbicide MOA Barnyardgrass Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrass Fall panicum Red rice Rice cutgrass Sprangletop (loosehead / bearded) Sprangletop (tighthead / Amazon) Ammania (red stem) Herbicides,D,D + propanil Grandstand + propanil Propanil Propanil + Ultra Blazer Ultra Blazer,,,1 1 **Read and follow all label directions when using these products.**

19 ( = no control, 1 = 1! control) (Larger Weeds)* Levee Weed Control Broadleaf Weeds Smartweed Sicklepod Prickly side (Teaweed) Palmleaf morningglory Palmer amaranth Northern jointvetch Hemp sesbania (coffeebean) Groundcherry Entire/Ivyleaf morningglory Grasses Foxtail spp. Crabgrass Broadleaf signalgrass Bermudagrass Barnyardgrass Herbicide MOA Herbicides Clincher Ricestar HT Beyond Grasp Permit Permit Plus Strada Regiment,D Facet Grandstand Basagran Propanil Aim Sharpen Ultra Blazer *For good levee broadleaf weed control, a combination of products is needed, especially where,d cannot be used. Applying Facet or other residuals prior to weed emergence is recommended in,d restricted areas. **Read and follow all label directions when using these products.**

20 Herbicide Modes of Action and Resistance MOA 1 Herbicides Postemergence grass herbicide (ACCase inhibitor) Hoelon, Axial, Select, Fusilade, Clincher, Ricestar HT, Assure II, Poast ALS inhibitor herbicide Newpath, Classic, Staple, FirstRate, Scepter, Synchrony XP, FirstShot, Harmony, Oust, Regiment, Permit, Finesse DNA herbicides Prowl HO, Treflan, Sonolan, Barricade, Pendimax, Trilin Synthetic auxins Facet Photosynthetic inhibitors (amides) Propanil (SuperWham, Stam, others) Inhibitor of lipid synthesis (not ACCase) Bolero Weeds Resistant to This Group in Arkansas annual ryegrass annual ryegrass, pigweed, common cocklebur, red rice, barnyardgrass, annual nutsedge, smallflower, umbrella sedge, and yellow nutsedge goosegrass barnyardgrass barnyardgrass none

21 MOA Herbicides EPSPS inhibitor Roundup Glutamine synthase inhibitor Liberty Pigment inhibitors Command PPO inhibitors Valor, Flexstar, Ultra Blazer Acetamide herbicides Dual, Lasso, Degree, Outlook, Parlay Weeds Resistant to This Group in Arkansas horseweed, Palmer pigweed, common ragweed, giant ragweed, annual ryegrass, johnsongrass none barnyardgrass none none

22 R ow Crop Plant Back Intervals for Common Herbicides in Rice Rotations Herbicide Cotton Field Corn Grain Sorghum Rice Soybeans Wheat,D D D D 1D 1D D Aim I I I I I I Basagran I I I I I I Beyond M.M M M 1 I M Bolero M M M M M M Clarity 1D 1 I 1D D 1D 1 D Clearpath 1M 1M 1M 1M 1 1M 1M Clincher SF M M M I M M Command I M M I I M 1 Distinct D 1 D D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 Express 1D 1D 1D D D D Facet L 1M 1M I I 1M I FirstShot 1D 1D 1D I D I Grandstand M M M I M M Grasp/Xtra M M M M M M League M 1M 1M I 1M 1M Londax M M M I M M Newpath 1M.M 1M 1M 1 I M Obey D D D I D D Permit/ HaloMax/ M 1M M I M 1,1 M Permit Plus

23 Propanil I I I I I I Prowl I FS FS FS I M Regiment FY FY FY I FY FY RiceBeaux D D D I D D Ricestar HT D D D I D M Select/Select Max I D D D I D Sharpen 1.M 1 I I I D 1 I Storm 1D 1D 1D I I D Strada PRO M M M I M M Strada XT D D D I D D Ultra Blazer 1D 1D 1D I I D Valor D D D D I D *Not all herbicide listed labeled for use in rice herbicides listed commonly used in rice, in rice rotations, or for burndown T ime interval increases with increase of rate and soil ph level. For Newpath use rates greater than oz/a per season; only Soybeans may be planted the following year. Time interval is based on oz/a application rate and does not begin until 1 inch of rainfall is received. Clearfield Rice may be planted at any time after application of Beyond, Clearpath or Newpath. If oz/a or less used and 1 inch of rainfall/irrigation received after application. STS Soybeans can be planted immediately. Rotation interval for Soybeans is months where ph is less than.. Rotation intervals increase with higher application rate.

24 Rainfall Free Periods for Postemergence Rice Herbicide,D Aim Basagran Beyond Bolero Clincher Facet Grasp League Newpath Permit/Permit Plus Propanil Regiment Ricestar HT Sharpen Storm Strada Ultra Blazer Time Before Rainfall hours 1 hour hours hours none on label 1 hour none on label 1 hour hours hours 1 hour hours hours 1 hour 1 hour hours hours hours

25 Herbicide Injury to Rice Newpath injury to Clearfield rice Not common, but can occur under cool, wet conditions. Symptoms include yellowing and interveinal chlorosis (leaves appear to have yellow stripes). Symptoms can be induced when Newpath or Beyond is tank mixed with another ALS herbicide such as Regiment or Grasp. Drain and dry the field to allow rice to recover. Paraquat injury to rice Symptoms include burned spots or lesions resulting in no yield loss unless filling grains directly contacted.

26 Glyphosate injury Vegetative injury results in stunting, but may not reduce yields; however, reproductive injury can/will lead to potentially significant yield loss. Timing of injury as important as rate of herbicide.

27 Select/ACCase injury Symptoms include death of primary shoots typical of graminicides. Injury can be severe, often yield losses are not great, but a delay in maturity is common. Often only the main or center tiller is affected. 1

28 Glufosinate injury Symptoms include water soaked leaves and yellow discoloration in spots. Typically not yield limiting, even with severe crop response.

29 Permit injury Rare and usually in combination with very high ph, symptoms include bright yellow plants and interveinal chlorosis. Removal of standing water key to recovery. Glyphosate tank contamination Direct application of high rates can result in plant death.

30 Delayed Phytotoxicity Syndrome (DPS, Delayed Phytotoxic Shock) Symptoms can vary but include excessive tillering, twisting of tillers and fish hooking of roots. Multiple herbicides including Facet and Bolero can be responsible, in combination with the right set of environmental conditions or stress on plants.