Strategies for Kochia Control in Dryland Rotations Panhandle Research and Extension Center March 14, 2013

Transcription

1 Strategies for Kochia Control in Dryland Rotations Panhandle Research and Extension Center March 14, 2013 Curtis Thompson Agronomy Department Kansas State University

2 Background leading to trouble! Reduced rates of glyphosate controlled kochia in fallow with or with the addition of dicamba (adding dicamba was recommended), early 90 s As glyphosate prices declined, growers sometimes using straight glyphosate eliminating dicamba because of costs (problematic) In addition, in glyphosate resistant crops, often glyphosate was used alone to reduce costs Kochia became increasingly difficult to control ( and after)

3 Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Biology Biology information is key for managing kochia.

4 Kochia Biology Germinates early spring germinator however can germinate throughout the growing season Lot of Genetic diversity Becomes resistant to several classes of herbicides Glyphosate, ALS inhibitors, triazine,.. Rolls across the country side dispersing this genetic diversity Seed Longevity is reasonably short

5 Seed longevity Nebraska experiments showed 5% viability after one year of burial and 0% after two years, Burnside et.al Colorado experiments showed a very low percentage (1 to 3%) viability after 3 years of burial, Zorner et.al. 1984

6 Effect of burial depth and time on kochia seed % Germination viability, Zorner et.al. Weed Sci Months following October 20, burial. Burial Depth Inches

7 Kochia emergence patterns, Dille etal., Location Site 10% Emerged 90% Emerged GDD Date GDD Date Lingle, WY NC 76 3/ /10 Mitchell, NE NC 84 3/ /7 Scottsbluff, NE NC 69 3/ /29 Hays, KS Crop 238 3/ /24 Hays, KS NC 137 3/ /10 Ness City, KS NC 114 3/ /18 Garden City, KS Crop 283 3/ /26

8 Kochia Reproduction Daylength sensitive critical light period triggering flowering is 13 to 15 hrs depending on biotype, Bell et.al Begin flowering in July to into August Destroy prior to flowering KEY!

9 Stigmas present without anthers, protogyneous flowering, facilitates cross pollination, however kochia is self fertile.

10 Kochia pollen Phil Westra Pollen travels 30 m and fertilized females plants, Stallings et.al Pollen travel 50 m, remained viable 1 to 12 days depending on environment, Mulugeta et.al

11 Wheat crop Kochia management

12 Control kochia in wheat!

13 Control kochia in wheat! Include dicamba in a tank mix prior to wheat jointing. Use a Starane containing product. Fluroxypyr can be applied up to early boot. ($10 to for Starane product) Huskie, fl oz, NIS % v/v, AMS.5 to 1 lb/a on wheat 1 leaf to flag leaf emergence. ($9 to $13.50) 2,4-D, MCPA, Aim, Cadet, ALS inhibitors generally not very effective on kochia.

14 Kochia management Wheat crop Wheat Stubble following harvest Ahead of planting row crop Row crop stubble ahead of planting wheat

15 Kochia management in fallow Intended cropping sequence may affect what herbicides can be used Heavy kochia pressure following wheat harvest may not be controlled Gramoxone SL + atrazine 3pt+1pt - $ Gramoxone SL + metribuzin 3pt+.67 lb - $ Gramoxone SL + Linex 4L 3pt+24 fl oz - $ Glyphosate + dicamba 0.75 lb ae+1pt - $ IF seed is produced in this period, it will be key to use March applications of herbicides.

16 Postemergence control of kochia in fallow with photosynthetic inhibitors, Tribune Product Prod. Cost Kochia control (%) Treatment rate $ May 30, 16DAT June 11, 28DAT Gramoxone Inteon+atrazine+ COC Linex+atrazine+ COC % % Dense stands of kochia were treated May 14 th. If glyphosate still works, use glyphosate + dicamba tankmixtures for control. Dought stress or large kochia can greatly reduce effectiveness.

17 Kochia management Wheat crop Wheat Stubble following harvest Ahead of planting row crop Row crop stubble ahead of planting wheat

18 Early Spring applications Conventional methods including herbicide selection and timing of application may no longer be successful due to glyphosate resistant kochia Herbicides very early PRE may be required! MARCH!! Dense/solid stands of little kochia are not controlled thus we need to avoid The larger kochia get, the more difficult it is to control

19 Thompson, 2011 If we have glyphosate resistant kochia, this will be a serious problem!

20 March PRE s!!! Avoid this!!!

21 EPP herbicides applied March 22, 2011 for kochia control ahead of corn, Tribune, KS. Verdict, HarnessXtra, or Warrant can be used ahead of sorghum also. % Control in. irr. Apr 1 Verdict 15 oz - $25 Bal. Flexx 5 oz - $26 HarnessXt 2.3 qt - $34 Warrant 2 qt - $17

22 EPP herbicides applied March 22, 2011 for kochia control ahead of corn, sorghum or soybean (see label for planting restrictions-precip required), Tribune, KS. % Control in. irr. Apr 1 Clarity+24D LV pt - $ Clarity+24D LV2 1+1 pt - $ Clarity+D+Distinct 1pt+.5pt+4 oz - $

23 Directly from the Clarity Label DO NOT make Clarity preplant applications to soybeans in geographic areas with average rainfall less than 25. Following application of Clarity and a minimum accumulation of 1 rainfall or overhead irrigation, a waiting interval of 14 days is required for 8 fluid ounces per acre or less and 28 days for 16 fluid ounces per acre.

24 EPP herbicides applied March 16, 2012 for kochia control, Tribune, KS. (atrazine+clarity ahead of corn or sorghum. Metribuzin ahead of soybean or wheat ONLY!. % Control Atrazine $4.50 Metribuzin $22 Clarity.5pt - $5.50 Clarity 1pt - $11.00 A+CL.5+1pt - $

25 EPP herbicides applied March 16, 2012 for kochia control, corn only, Tribune, KS. % Control Corvus 4 oz + Atra 1 qt - $ Corvus 4 oz+atra 1 qt + Clarity 1 pt - $ Balance Flexx 4 oz +Atra 1 qt - $ Bal. Flexx 4 oz +Atra 1 qt+clarity 1 pt - $

26 EPP herbicides applied March 22, 2011 for kochia control, Tribune, KS. % Control 100 Valor ahead of corn, soybean, or wheat. Tripleflex ahead of corn Spartan ahead of soybean or sunflower 1 in. irr. Apr 1 Valor SX 3 oz - $18.90 TripleFlex 1 qt - $20.60 Spartan 6 oz - $32.70

27 PRE herbicides Applied March 16, 2012 for kochia control, Tribune, KS. % Control Valor SX 2 oz - $12.60 (soyb) Spartan 4F 6 oz - $32.70 (soyb, sunf) TripleFlex 1 qt - $20.60 (corn) Zidua 2.9 oz - $21 (corn or soybean)

28 EPP herbicides applied March 16, 2012 for kochia control ahead of soybean, Tribune, KS. % Control 100 Clarity 12 oz + Prowl H2O 1.5 pt Clar 12oz+Prl H20 1.5pt+Spartan 5 oz Clarity 12 oz + Spartan 5 oz Clar 12oz+Zidua 2oz+Sencor 8oz 2,4-D 1pt+Zidua 2oz+Sharpen 1oz Clarity 12 oz + Authority MTZ 8 oz Clarity 12 oz + Authority MTZ 16 oz 2,4-D 1pt+Prl H pt+sharpen 1oz

29 Summary, Early Spring applications Sorghum - atrazine, Banvel, acetamide + atrazine Corn - atrazine, Banvel, acetamide + atrazine, Corvus+atra, Balance Flexx+atra, Zidua or Anthem Soybean metribuzin, Spartan or Spartan charge, Authority MTZ, Authority First? Wheat metribuzin, Corvus or Balance Flexx NO ATRAZINE!

30 Controlling kochia late April or early May??

31 Postemergence control of kochia in fallow, Tribune Product Prod. Cost Kochia control (%) Treatment rate $ May 30, 16DAT June 11, 28DAT Distinct+AMS+NIS 4+17lb+.5% Distinct+2,4-D LV4+AMS+MSO Sharpen+2,4-D LV4+AMS+MSO Sharpen+atrazine +AMS+MSO lb+1% % % Starane NXT ? Huskie+AMS+NIS % Huskie+atrazine+ AMS+NIS 15+8FL oz % Dense stands of kochia were treated May 14 th.

32 Postemergence control of kochia in fallow with HPPD inhibitors, Tribune Product Prod. Cost Kochia control (%) Treatment rate $ 5/30, 16DAT 6/11, 28DAT Laudis+atrazine+AMS+ MSO Callisto+atrazine+AMS +MSO Armezon/Impact+ atrazine+ams+mso Armezon/Impact+ atrazine+uan+mso Armezon/Impact+ atrazine+uan+mso % % % % +1% % +1% Roundup Wmax+AMS 32 FL OZ + 17lb Dense stands of kochia were treated May 14 th

33 Postemergence control of kochia in fallow with photosynthetic inhibitors, Tribune Product Prod. Cost Kochia control (%) Treatment rate $ May 30, 16DAT June 11, 28DAT Gramoxone SL+atrazine+COC Linex+atrazine+ COC % % Dense stands of kochia were treated May 14 th.

34 Kochia management in the row crop following the MARCH PRE Burn down before planting if needed Glyphosate or paraquat can be effective Dicamba should not be used ahead of sunflower or soybean? Dicamba requires precip for breakdown ahead of soybean Essential to use an effective PRE herbicide Use sulfentrazone containing product in soybean or sunflower Include atrazine in the mix for corn or sorghum Corvus or Balance Flexx with atrazine for corn Be prepared to apply an effective post emergence herbicide Post products for soybean and sunflower may not be effective. Corn Callisto, Laudis, Armezon, Impact with atrazine and appropriate adjuvants Sorghum Huskie + atrazine with AMS A two past system is most effective

35 Kochia control in sorghum Treatment T Rate Colby Hays Garden City oz ai / acre 21/10 32/9 36/23 Huskie+atrazine E Huskie+atrazine E H+A+2,4-D amine E H+A+2,4-D ester E H+A+dicamba E Atra+Bromoxynil E Huskie+atrazine L Huskie+atrazine L H+A+2,4-D amine L H+A+2,4-D ester L H+A+dicamba L Atra+Bromoxynil L LSD (0.05)

36 7DEPP control of kochia in corn, Tribune Product Prod. Cost Kochia control (%) Treatment Rate/acre $ May 24 June 11 July 2 Clarity + 2,4-D LV Fl oz Verdict 18 Fl oz Lexar 3 qt Harness Xtra 2.3 qt Degree Xtra 3 qt TripleFlex 1 qt Valor 3 oz Fierce 4 oz Anthem 7 oz LSD (0.05) Applied May 2, Corn planted May 8

37 Postemergence control of kochia in Corn with HPPD inhibitors, Tribune Product Prod. Cost Kochia control (%) Treatment rate $ June 11 July 2 Laudis+atrazine+ AMS+MSO Callisto+atrazine+ AMS+MSO Impact+atrazine+ AMS+MSO Impact+atrazine+ UAN+MSO Impact+atrazine+ UAN+MSO % % % % +1% % +1% LSD (0.05) Applied May 31 to 4 to 5 kochia, 2 to 3 collar corn.

38 Summary Control kochia in the wheat crop Early herbicide applications, ie. March, can effectively control germinating kochia and will increase the effectiveness of subsequent in crop or fallow herbicide applications. To begin control strategies in mid to late April when kochia are glyphosate resistant is risky and most likely will not be successful. Use effective PRE herbicides in rowcrop. The frequency of glyphosate resistant kochia in Kansas is on the RISE! (Godar and Stahlman)

39 Questions? Curtis Thompson Acknowledgements: Alan Schlegel Tribune Agronomist Funding companies: Monsanto, Bayer Crop Science, BASF, TKI NovaSource, AMVAC