Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's

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Irene Naomi Benson
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1 Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1997 List of Florida's Most nvasive Species Purpose: To focus attention on: ~The impacts exotic pest plants have on native bio-diversity in Horida ecosystems. The impact of exotic pest plants on the integrity of native plant community functions. Habitat losses due to exotic plant infestations. The impacts of exotic plants on endangered species via habitat loss and alteration (e.g., Cape Sable seaside sparrow). The need to prevent such losses by comprehensive management for exotic pest plants. The socioeconomic impacts of exotic pest plants (e.g., increased wildfires in Melaleuca ). Changes in the seriousness of different exotic pest plants over time. The need to provide information that will help managers set priorities for management. - L, Definitions: Exotic -a non-indigenous species, or one introduced to this state, either purposefully or accidentally; it then escaped into the wild in Horida where it reproduces on its own either sexually or asexually. Native -a species already occurring in Horida at the time of European contact (1500). nvasive -is a variable condition defined by the category to which the species is assigned. Abbreviations used: for "Government listed": P=Prohibited by Ha. Dept. of Environmental Protection, N=Noxious weed as listed by Ha. Dept. of Agriculture & Consumer Services and/or U.S. Department of Agriculture. Category 1-Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Horida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. Scientific Name,! t _~ FLEPPC Common name,,-". " ~ ~. ", '."_ J.~ _. _._~ ", ~ Rank._~.. ~~~.1 ~~_.,_._--.J,~"!,r~cat~rius -..![-~~~~_ ~~ ~.._!C! Abrus r Governr jt.

2 Acacia auriculifomus Earleaf acacia Albizia lebbeck _ Woman's tongue [ Ardisia crenata (= A. crenulata ) cornl ardisia Ardisia elliptica (=A. humilis ) shoebutton ardisia Asparagus densiflorus asparngus fern Bauhinia variegata orchid tree Bischofia javanica bischofia Brachiaria mutica - ( = Urochloa Para grnss mutica ) Calophyllum antillanum (=c. cajaba ; C. santa maria (names "mast wood, " inophyllum, often misapplied in cultivation) "Alexandrian laurel" used in cultivation) Cassia coluteoides _(=Senna pendula ) climbing cassia, Christmas cassia, Christmas senna ~ ~ Casuarina equisetifolia Australian pine P Casuarina glauca suckering Austrnlian pine P Cestrum diumum day jasmine Cinnamomum camphora camphor-tree Colocasia esculent a wild taro Colubrina asiatica lather leaf Cupaniopsis anacardioides carrotwood Dioscorea alata winged yam Dioscorea bulbifera - air-potato Eichhomia crassipes watc(~ hyacinth P Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry Ficw microcuj1xj (=F. nitida ; =F. retusa var. laurel fig nitida ) ~

3 Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla P, N Hygrophila polysperma green hygro P, N Hymenachne amplexicaulis West ndian marsh grass /mperara cylindrica (=mperata brasiliensis ) cogon grass N pomoea aquatica water spinach P, N lasminum dichotomum - Gold Coast jasmine lasminum fluminense jasmine Lantana camara lantana Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet, hedge privet Lonicera japonica _ Japanese honeysuckle Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum Old World climbing fern Macfadyena unguis-cati claw vine Melaleuca quinquenervia _ melaleuca, broad-leaf paper bark P,N Melill azedarach Chinaberry Mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa P,N Nandina domestic a nandina, heavenly bamboo Nephrolepis cordifalia sword fern Neyraudill reynaudiana Burma reed; cane grass PaederilJ foetida skunk vine Panicum repens torpedo grass f Pennisetum purpureum Napier grass Pistia stratiotes water lettuce P Psidium cattleiljnum (=P. littorale ) f strawberry guava Psidium guajava guava Pueraria montana J =P. lobata ) kudzu

4 .. m. ~... ~... ~.... 1~~~~11l~~~s~~o11le~t~~~~~ ~...l [~~"'~~~~~~~~~~~... ~~~~..~11.~~~~.. ~.. J.~.. w t~.~~.. sl'!'~~~~~~(~~:~~~c~~~~?... j[.~~s~:~~l~t~...~ (t.~. J~s;';"'a;';"'.~;';"'i;';"'~m;';"'.;';"'s;';"'.~;';"'~;';"'~;';"'~r;';"'u;';"'m;';"'...;';"'..;';"' ~~.. ~... ~... )L... _"... _".. ~... =========.;.;...,~il~~~?~.~:~~~~:~l~"'~:~~.~... it ~.. ~:L,,~~._~.~..... ~~=sc~~~ri'=f var. scaevola. half-~o:er. beac:_~:~l.....l~. Schefflera actinophylla (=Brassaia actinophylla ) n.i[sc~~e=... nilsc LS lan~11lto~u"!.... r Sol~~"!.~i~~ ~ L~!z:ygi~11lcumi~i.. ~.~... ~ t~~~~ i~~~~ L~~:~~~... ~~... ~... ~... ~.~.~J... T.l.~~... ~... ~... )t~~~~. ~~~~~~:.....:1....~.....~;L~., m.. ~,-m_...l!~~l~,!~~~~l.~~....1."... li~~i~:~.~~.~r~.~:~i t.. '~"..' it....tl~~~i~:~.~.t~~~...j ~ t."'.~~:~~~"':~~."'~~:~~~}~."'... il... L...,.. Category - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. Scientific Name Common name FLEPPC! Govern] t~~jze~~~~~~... l Agave sisalana l Albizia julibrissin Aleurites fordii ~~~.. ~.. ~.~... ~.,. '.H,..~... ~... ~ T.... " m.,.. ~l~~~~~a~r~~h!l~~..., ) Rank.

5 Alternanthera philoxeroides Antigonon leptopus Aristolochia linoralis Asystasia gangetica _ Broussonetia papyrifera Callisia fragrans Casuarina cunninghamiana Cereus undatus Clerodendron bungei CrypWM~ia~gasc~ruis Cyperus prolifer Dalbergia sissoo Enterolobium contortisliquum Epipremnum pinnatum _cv. Aureum Ficus altissima Ficus benjamina _ Ficus religiosa F1acourtia indica Flueggea virosa Hibiscus tiliaceus Hiptage benghaleruis Jasminum sambac Koelreuteria elegans Cyperus altemifolius (=C. involucratus ) alligator weed coral vine calico flower Ganges primrose paper mulberry inch plant, spironema Australian pine night-blooming cereus strong-scented glorybower rubber vine umbrella plant dwarf papyrus ndian dalbergia, sissoo ear-pod tree pothos false banyan weeping fig botree governor's plum flueggea mahoe l'byptage Arabian jasmine golden shower tree p p;-

6 Leucaena leucocephnla - Ligustrum japonicum Ligustrum lucidum lead tree Japanese privet Glossy privet Melinis minutijlora Merremia tuberosa Murraya paniculata _ Myriophyllum spicatum Nephrolepis multiflora Ochrosia parviflora (=0. elliptica ) Oeceoclades maculata, Paederia craddasiana Passiflora foetidn Phoenix reclinata Pittosporum pentandrum Pittosporum tobira Rhynchelytrum repens Sansevieria hyacinthoides _( =S. trifasciata ) Solanum diphyllum Solanum jamaicense Syngonium podophyllum Syzygium jambos _ Terminalia catappa Tribulus cistoides Triphasia trifoliata molasses grass wood-rose orange-jasmine Eurasian water-milfoil Asian sword fern kopsia ground orchid sewer vine, onion vine stinking passion-flower reclining date palm pittosporum Japanese pittosporum Natal grass bowstring hemp twinleaf nightshade Jamiaca nightshade arrowhead vine rose-apple tropi~al almond puncture vine, bumut lime berry ~

7 Citation example: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. FLEPPC 1997 List of Florida's Most nvasive Species. nternet: Return to FLEPPC Home Page

(Niles Software Inc.), and rejecting duplicate

(Niles Software Inc.), and rejecting duplicate What s Up in the Literature? Karen Brown, Alison Fox, Jamey Carter-King and Mary Langeland University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), Gainesville, Florida Karen Brown (kpb@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu)