Lonicera x heckrottii (goldflame honeysuckle)

Transcription

1 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment. Invasive Plant Science and Management : Lonicera x heckrottii (goldflame honeysuckle) Question number Question Answer Score. Is the species highly domesticated? n.2 Has the species become naturalised where grown?.3 Does the species have weedy races? 2. Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (-low; -intermediate; 2-high) Quality of climate match data (-low; -intermediate; 2-high) Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) 2.4 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation 2.5 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3. Naturalized beyond native range n 3.2 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n 3.3 Weed of agriculture n 3.4 Environmental weed n 3.5 Congeneric weed y 4. Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 4.2 Allelopathic n 4.3 Parasitic n 4.4 Unpalatable to grazing animals n 4.5 Toxic to animals n 4.6 Host for recognised pests and pathogens n 4.7 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n 4.8 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 4.9 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle? 4. Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils) y 4. Climbing or smothering growth habit y 4.2 Forms dense thickets n 5. Aquatic n -2

2 5.2 Grass n 5.3 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 5.4 Geophyte 6. Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat 6.2 Produces viable seed? 6.3 Hybridizes naturally 6.4 Self-compatible or apomictic 6.5 Requires specialist pollinators? 6.6 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation 6.7 Minimum generative time (years) 7. Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) 7.2 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 7.3 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n 7.4 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n 7.5 Propagules water dispersed n 7.6 Propagules bird dispersed y 7.7 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) n 7.8 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) y 8. Prolific seed production n 8.2 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (> yr) 8.3 Well controlled by herbicides 8.4 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation 8.5 Effective natural enemies present in Florida, or east of the continental divide Total Score Outcome Accept* *Used secondary screen from: Daehler, C. C., J.L. Denslow, S. Ansari, and H. Kuo. 24. A risk assessment system for screening out harmful invasive pest plants from Hawaii s and other Pacific islands. Conserv. Biol. 8:

3 section # questions answered satisfy minimum? A 6 yes B yes C yes total 28 yes Data collected Question number Reference Source data. cultivated, but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness Horticopia 4. hardy range 5B to 9A Horticopia Missouri Botanical Garden, Kemper sp?code=l). used horticulturally (, 2) 3. no evidence 3.2 no evidence 3.3 no evidence Horticopia Young, J. (25) Porcelain-berry factsheet. PCA Alien Plant Working Group ( Nuzzo, V. (997) Element Stewardship Abstract for Lonicera japonica. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. 2. Dillenburg, Whigham, Teramura, and Forseth (993) Effects of below- and aboveground competition from the vines Lonicera japonica and Parthenocissus quinquefolia on the growth of the tree host Liquidambar styraciflua. Oecologia 93: Roy, Popay, Champion, James, and Rahman (24) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand. 2nd edition. New Zealand Plant Protection Society.. "Although a vigorous twining vine, this Honeysuckle does not spread out of control quite as easily as Japanese Honeysuckle." 2. suggested as a safe alternative to porcelain-berry. " Lonicera japonica damages natural communities it invades by outcompeting native vegetation for both light and below-ground resources, and by changing forest structure...forests invaded by Lonicera japonica gradually lose their natural structure as canopy openings are invaded, and understory herbs, shrubs, and replacement trees are suppressed and killed by thick mats of honeysuckle." 2. 3

4 Lonicera japonica impacts the growth of a host tree (sweetgum), primarily due to root competition. 3. L. japonica a "rampant perennial climber twining clockwise, smothering all vegetation beneath" (New Zealand) 4. Horticopia 4. no description of these traits 4.2 no evidence 4.3 Horticopia 4. no description of this 4.4 Cummings and Yarrow (May 996) Reducing Deer Damage at Home and on the Farm. Clemson University Extension ( FW6.pdf). on list of plants occasionally severely damaged by deer 4.5 no evidence 4.6 Missouri Botanical Garden, Kemper Center for Home Gardening sp?code=l). "No serious insect or disease problems." 4.7 There is anecdotal, but Bruneton (999) Toxic Plants: Dangerous to Humans and Animals. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. unsubstantiated, evidence of toxicity in honeysuckles. 4.8 no evidence Horticopia Missouri Botanical Garden, Kemper sp?code=l).. Horticopia Missouri Botanical Garden, Kemper sp?code=l).. partial shade or partial sun to full sun; "It is best suited for sunny locations and flowers poorly in the shade." 2. full sun to part shade. "Suitable soil is welldrained/loamy, sandy or clay Honeysuckle tolerates most soils except dry sands." 2. "Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils Best in organically rich soils with good drainage." 4. Horticopia 4. shrub/vine 4.2 no evidence 5. terrestrial 5.2 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Caprifoliaceae 5.3 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Caprifoliaceae produces fruits, but no evidence of propagation by 4

5 Missouri Botanical Garden, Kemper Center for Home Gardening sp?code=l). seed attracts hummingbirds and butterflies [unclear whether it requires specialist pollinator] Horticopia 4. growth rate: fast Horticopia Missouri Botanical Garden, Kemper sp?code=l). used horticulturally (, 2) 7.3 no evidence 7.4. Horticopia Larsen (Fall 2) The Seed. ( "The fruit is fleshy and [no evidence of adaptations to wind dispersal] 7.5 no evidence 7.6. Horticopia Larsen (Fall 2) The Seed. ( "The fruit is fleshy and 7.7. "The fruit is fleshy and. Horticopia Larsen (Fall 2) The Seed. ( [no evidence of any means of attachment] 7.8. Horticopia Larsen (Fall 2) The Seed. ( "The fruit is fleshy and 8. Horticopia 4. "This plant rarely fruits."